今天小编要给大家的介绍的是瑞典。

Today, I want to introduce Sweden to you.

1.礼仪禁忌

1. Etiquette taboos

(1)瑞典人文化素质较高、热情好客、淳朴诚实、谈吐文明、重诺守时,十分重视环境保护,热爱大自然,爱花、爱鸟和其他野生动物。雇员每年享受5周的法定带薪假期,人们喜欢利用闲暇时间到野外活动,到森林和田野远足,到海湖去游泳、泛舟、垂钓;在昼长夜短的夏季,国民纷纷到国内外去旅游。瑞典已成为世界上外出旅游人数最多的国家之一。体育活动更是瑞典人的爱好。

(1) Swedes have high cultural quality, hospitality, simplicity and honesty, civilized conversation, commitment and punctuality, attach great importance to environmental protection, love nature, flowers, birds and other wild animals. Employees enjoy five weeks of statutory paid holidays every year. People like to use their leisure time to go outdoors, go hiking in the forest and fields, and go swimming, boating and fishing in the sea and lake; In the summer with long days and short nights, people travel at home and abroad. Sweden has become one of the countries with the largest number of tourists in the world. Sports are a Swedish hobby.

(2)瑞典人与大多数西方人一样,街景日益显露欧洲大陆风格,而行事方式和习俗则日益国际化。如果你应邀参加瑞典人的家庭晚宴,礼节方面无须过多注意,记得说“谢谢”就好。瑞典语说“塔克”(tack),相当于英语中的“请”和“谢谢”的合体。瑞典人忌讳陌生人询问他们的政治倾向和年龄,讳黄色、蓝色。

(2) Like most Westerners, Swedes are increasingly showing the style of continental Europe, while their ways and customs are becoming more and more international. If you are invited to a Swedish family dinner, don't pay too much attention to etiquette. Remember to say "thank you". Swedish says "tag", which is equivalent to the combination of "please" and "thank you" in English. Swedes taboo strangers asking about their political orientation and age, and taboo yellow and blue.

(3)瑞典是禁酒之国。瑞典的餐馆只准在晚餐时供应少量的酒。人们想在家里喝酒,也要持“购酒特许证”到指定地点去买。持有这种“特许证”的人,还要交纳数目不小的税款。瑞典政府每年在酒税上可以收入1亿多美元。除饭店和酒吧外,酒精含量达到或超过3.5%的饮料只能到国有商店购买。对于酒精含量在3.5%以下的啤酒,可以在普通的食品店购买。但酒精含量超过2.25%的啤酒只向年满18周岁的顾客出售。在瑞典的城乡都设有戒酒医院。社会上对饮酒也有种种限制。如果警察发现醉汉,可以随时拘留,经血液测定酒精含量超过1%时,便将其送入戒酒医院进行为期3个月的强迫治疗。若出院后再次酗酒,则要进行更长时间的强迫治疗。此外,瑞典对酒后驾驶罚款很重。

(3) Sweden is a country where alcohol is forbidden. Swedish restaurants are only allowed to serve a small amount of wine at dinner. If people want to drink at home, they should also hold a "liquor purchase license" to buy it at a designated place. Those who hold such "licenses" have to pay a large amount of taxes. The Swedish government can earn more than $100 million in alcohol tax every year. Except for restaurants and bars, drinks with an alcohol content of 3.5% or more can only be purchased in state-owned stores. Beer with an alcohol content of less than 3.5% can be purchased in ordinary food stores. However, beer with an alcohol content of more than 2.25% is only sold to customers over the age of 18. There are abstinence hospitals in both urban and rural Sweden. There are also various restrictions on drinking in society. If the police find a drunk, they can detain him at any time. When the blood alcohol content exceeds 1%, they will send him to an alcohol rehabilitation hospital for forced treatment for three months. If you drink alcohol again after discharge, you need longer forced treatment. In addition, Sweden imposes heavy fines on drunk driving.

(4)瑞典人讲究实惠,朋友间平时串门,带一瓶红酒或是一盒巧克力,算是最简单的礼尚往来。春天带一束田野里采的野花,秋天摘一篮自家果树上的果子,更可增进朋友间的感情。遇到大型生日晚会或是婚礼,厚道的瑞典人都会提前打听寿星和新人希望得到怎样的礼物。问的人不会觉得不好意思,被问的人也不会客气,家里需要的酒具、餐具或是想要读的书、听的音乐都可以列在希望得到的礼单中。买过礼物的客人会在礼物单上画个钩,避免后来者买重复。送礼时发票一并送上,对方不喜欢或是重复的礼物,可以到商店里更换。在礼品包装上,瑞典人更愿意多花些心思把包装做得漂亮些。

(4) Swedes pay attention to material benefits. It is the simplest reciprocity for friends to visit and bring a bottle of red wine or a box of chocolates. Bring a bunch of wild flowers from the field in spring and a basket of fruit from your own fruit tree in autumn, which can enhance the feelings between friends. In case of a large birthday party or wedding, kind Swedes will inquire in advance about what gifts birthday stars and newlyweds want. The person who asks will not feel embarrassed, and the person who is asked will not be polite. The wine utensils, tableware, books and music you want to read and listen to at home can be listed in the desired gift list. Guests who have bought gifts will draw a hook on the gift list to avoid repetition. When giving gifts, the invoice shall be sent together. Gifts that the other party does not like or repeat can be replaced in the store. In gift packaging, Swedes prefer to spend more effort to make the packaging more beautiful.

2.饮食文化

2. Food culture

瑞典人比较习惯吃欧式菜,口味清淡,通常加入较少的作料,尽量保持原有风味,不喜欢吃太油腻的食品。以面包和马铃薯为主食,尤其喜欢黑面包,喜欢喝浓汤。瑞典沿海的地理环境孕育出鲑鱼、鲈鱼等鱼类。,菜肴基本上以鱼为主。瑞典人比较喜欢吃生的和冷的食品,肉片和鱼块都是半熟的。蔬菜和水果的种类较少,而且价格很高,原因是瑞典气候寒冷,不适于植物生长。瑞典人在饮食上有一种独特的习惯,就是每天要吃固定的菜品。如星期四的菜品是“艾他鲁、米德、佛拉斯克”,以豆类和猪肉为主要原料。“西鲁布拉”则是星期一的菜品,以牛肉、鲱鱼为主要材料。

Swedes are more used to eating European dishes with light taste. They usually add less seasoning to keep the original flavor as much as possible. They don't like to eat too greasy food. Take bread and potatoes as staple food, especially like black bread and thick soup. The geographical environment along the coast of Sweden breeds salmon, bass and other fish., The dishes are mainly fish. Swedes prefer to eat raw and cold food. Meat slices and fish pieces are half cooked. There are few kinds of vegetables and fruits, and the price is very high. The reason is that Sweden has a cold climate and is not suitable for plant growth. Swedes have a unique habit of eating fixed dishes every day. For example, the dishes on Thursday are "aitalu, Mead and vlask", with beans and pork as the main raw materials“ "Sirubula" is a Monday dish, with beef and herring as the main materials.

此外还有一种代表性的吃法,即在一张大桌上摆上几十种菜,按自己的爱好分取,菜的烹调质量仅为中等,称为海盗席。

In addition, there is a representative eating method, that is, dozens of dishes are placed on a large table and divided according to their hobbies. The cooking quality of the dishes is only medium, which is called the pirate banquet.