沈文华

Shen Wenhua

浙江大学胡华丁教授，杭州市美术家协会会员，浙江逸仙书画院画师，列名于《中国当代文化艺术家词典》。华丁画学黄宾虹，师从黄逸宾，师尊王伯敏，多得指点教益，从而使他的画艺颇具大师们的画风。几十年间，他与杭州大学党委书记、中国写意山水画家黄逸宾，美术史论家、黄宾虹“关门弟子”、山水画大师、中国美院教授、博导王伯敏两位教授的友情堪称典范。画家、书法篆刻家楼胜鲜特意为华丁教授刻了一枚闲章，文曰“宾翁门下”，以明其志。“宾翁”，既指宾虹，也指逸宾，含义双重。笔者曾撰文“宾翁门下笔墨情深”，刊登于2018年4月11日的《美术报》。

Professor Hu Huading of Zhejiang University, member of Hangzhou Artists Association, member of Zhejiang Yibin calligraphy and painting academy, listed in the dictionary of Chinese contemporary cultural artists. Hua Ding learned from Huang Binhong, followed Huang Yibin, and respected Wang Bomin. He gave more advice and lessons, which made his painting quite the style of masters. For decades, his friendship with Huang Yibin, Secretary of the Party committee of Hangzhou University and Chinese freehand landscape painter, art historian, Huang Binhong's "closed disciple", landscape painting master, Professor of the Chinese Academy of fine arts and doctoral advisor Wang Bomin can be regarded as a model. Lou Shengxian, a painter and calligrapher and seal Carver, specially carved a free seal for Professor Huading, saying "under the binweng gate" to clarify his ambition. "Binweng" refers to both Binhong and Yibin, with dual meanings. The author once wrote an article "the pen and ink love under the door of bingong", which was published in the art daily on April 11, 2018.

中国近现代国画家、山水画一代宗师黄宾虹的绘画，其黑、密、厚、重的画风，浑厚华滋的笔墨中，蕴含着深刻的民族文化精神与自然的美学取向。华丁的画风崇尚形神兼备，气韵生动，笔墨苍润，精神趋时。他用积墨法创作的精品《霜林清溪图》，写峰峦叠嶂，密林起伏，穿村而过的清溪上碧波荡舟、桨声和着欢声笑语。画面笔墨浓密有度，静逸生趣。佳作《柳溪泛舟图》曾在首届海峡两岸书画名家精品大展中获金奖，原作由台北九天书画院收藏。

The paintings of Huang Binhong, a modern Chinese painter and master of landscape painting, contain profound national cultural spirit and natural aesthetic orientation in its black, dense, thick and heavy painting style and rich and colorful pen and ink. Huading's painting style advocates both form and spirit, vivid charm, green ink and spirit. The painting of frost forest and clear river created by him with the method of accumulating ink describes the peaks and peaks, the ups and downs of dense forests, and the blue waves, boating, oaring and laughter on the clear river passing through the village. The picture is dense and interesting. The painting of boating in Liuxi, a masterpiece, won the gold medal in the first cross-strait fine art exhibition of famous calligraphers and painters. The original work was collected by Taipei Jiutian calligraphy and Painting Institute.

华丁曾被中国美术家协会、韩国书画艺术家协会等授予“当代书画艺术家”称号。作品远播美国、日本、西班牙、韩国及台湾、香港等地。黄逸宾曾言，华丁的画笔墨韵味跃然纸上。王伯敏儿子王小川称其作品，得力于艺术大师黄宾虹先生，用笔用墨浑厚华滋。

Hua Ding has been awarded the title of "contemporary calligraphy and painting artist" by China Artists Association and Korea calligraphy and Painting Artists Association. The works are widely distributed in the United States, Japan, Spain, South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong and other places. Huang Yibin once said that the charm of Huading's brush and ink can be seen on the paper. Wang Xiaochuan, Wang Bomin's son, said that his works were inspired by the artistic Master Mr. Huang Binhong, who used his pen and ink to express his charm.

“浑厚华滋”，是黄宾虹山水画的精髓。华丁经由笔墨精神，内美追求，他的山水画最终为观者创造的乃是一个蕴含了万千变化的艺术世界。他的美术作品发出的是人格化和有思想的声音。

"Vigorous huazi" is the essence of Huang Binhong's landscape painting. Through the spirit of pen and ink and the pursuit of internal beauty, Huading's landscape painting finally creates an art world containing thousands of changes for the viewer. His art works give out a personalized and thoughtful voice.

构图。他注重造势，用势作画，以得所力。这种势，体现在疏密有致，虚实相间，笔墨老成，色彩变化;体现在动静、藏露、黑白、干湿的对比。通过对比，使画面得势，营造出意想不到的气韵。其作品《柳溪泛舟图》，山是青的，水是白的，舍是静的，舟是动的。反差强烈，产生无静的艺术张力。

Composition. He paid attention to creating momentum and painting with momentum in order to gain strength. This trend is reflected in density, virtual and real, mature pen and ink, and color changes; It is reflected in the contrast of movement and stillness, hidden dew, black and white, dry and wet. Through comparison, the picture gains momentum and creates an unexpected charm. In his painting "boating in Liuxi", the mountain is green, the water is white, the house is static and the boat is moving. The contrast is strong, producing a quiet artistic tension.

布局。山与水，树与舟，人与情的安排各臻其妙，其中最要紧的是情。有了情，画就活，就有生命。其作品《春满人间》《夏山观瀑》《苍嶺风帆》《日破云清万里红》等，均体现在画法与画理的统一。华丁的画，多画晨暮及夜色，他最能用笔墨把握山川夜色，给予人的那种特殊感受。在画面上，较好地处理近景与远景，往往近处用浓厚的墨色，远处则空清透明，长于积墨。

Layout. The arrangement of mountains and waters, trees and boats, people and feelings is wonderful, and the most important thing is love. With love, painting will live, there will be life. His works, such as spring filled the world, watching waterfalls on summer mountain, sailing on Cangling mountain, breaking the sun and clearing the clouds, are all reflected in the unity of painting method and painting theory. Huading's paintings mostly paint morning, evening and night. He can best grasp the night scenery of mountains and rivers with pen and ink, giving people that special feeling. In the picture, it is better to deal with the close view and long-range view, often with strong ink near, and clear and transparent in the distance, which is longer than ink accumulation.

留白。房舍、飞瀑、江河，往往在墨密浓重中的气孔，留给读者以遐想。如《意远景深》底部的一片水域，以白纸写出，使得上中部丰满的景色一下子变得疏通起来。懂得此理，方可染翰挥毫。

Leave it blank. Houses, waterfalls and rivers often have pores in the thick ink, leaving readers with reverie. For example, a piece of water at the bottom of yiyuanshen is written on white paper, which makes the plump scenery in the upper and middle become dredged all at once. Only when you understand this principle can you dye Han's hair.

赋色。既重视立体的平色调，也在个别地方施以重彩。如《苏堤春晓图》《夜山行舟图》《山乡春早图》《冬韻》《林岩秀色》等作品中，人物分别施以粉色重彩，起到点醒的作用，增添现代气息，体现时代气息与创新的美感。这是有别于黄宾虹画风“大虚大实、黑白分明”的不同点。华丁先生，2012年秋月，以册页形式创作彩墨山水国画12帧并收录专著《品读沈文华》，寄赠给笔者。这是华丁先生技艺最为成熟、彩墨创新之佳品，画中沉浸的是智慧火花，阳光旋律，生平际遇，文化气质。

Coloring. It not only pays attention to the three-dimensional flat tone, but also applies heavy color in individual places. For example, in works such as the painting of spring dawn on the Su Causeway, the painting of boating on the night mountain, the painting of spring morning in the mountain town, the charm of winter and the beautiful color of forest and rock, the characters are respectively painted with pink heavy colors to wake up, add modern flavor and reflect the beauty of the times and innovation. This is different from Huang Binhong's painting style of "great emptiness, great reality, black and white". Mr. Hua Ding, in the autumn of 2012, created 12 frames of color ink landscape Chinese painting in the form of album, and included the monograph reading Shen Wenhua, which was sent to the author. This is the most mature art of Mr. Huading and the best product of color ink innovation. The painting is immersed in the sparks of wisdom, sunshine melody, life experience and cultural temperament.

细节。大山堂堂，丛树苍苍，峡谷幽幽，如果少了对茅舍内如豆般小人的刻画，作品就无法点景点题，静谧的自然就少了生气，中国山水画独特的人文意境就难以呈现。华丁的《重峦幽居》《山里人家》《山乡清趣》等以细节见长，点景人物，形体极小，份量极重，细节不“细”。

Details. The mountains are magnificent, the trees are green, and the canyon is secluded. Without the depiction of bean like villains in the cottage, the works will not be able to point out the scenic spots, the quiet nature will be less angry, and the unique humanistic artistic conception of Chinese landscape painting will be difficult to present. Huading's "seclusion in heavy mountains", "people in the mountains" and "pure fun in mountain villages" are good at details. They point scenery characters, with small shape and heavy weight, and the details are not "thin".

线条。以线条摆脱对物象光喑、色彩繁琐。如《海门云涌黄山即景图》《深壑崖屋图》《江山多娇图》等所绘的树木、山石，线条或粗或细，或干或湿，曲曲折折，时重时轻，转折顿挫的墨线，充满美感的律动。华丁在信中说，中国画的“戏”，大部分在线条里，通过线以渗透思想感情，这是它独立于世界艺术之林的重要特色。

Line. Get rid of the dull light and cumbersome color of the object image with lines. For example, the lines of trees and rocks painted in the instant view of Yunyong Huangshan Mountain in Haimen, the picture of cliff houses in deep valleys and the picture of charming rivers and mountains are thick or thin, dry or wet, twists and turns, sometimes heavy and sometimes light, and the ink lines with twists and turns are full of aesthetic rhythm. In his letter, Huading said that most of the "plays" of Chinese painting are online, through which they penetrate thoughts and feelings, which is an important feature of its independence from the world's art forest.

造型。华丁晚年之作，大多为山景图，以房舍、小桥、坡岸、曲折、小道、远山、帆船造型，山峦重叠，林木扶疏，云雾缭绕。如《苍岭风帆图》造型构思以平中见奇，近取其质，远取其势，不落寻常蹊径，笔墨有枯有湿，有实有虚，繁而不乱。华丁的山水画是从生活中来的，他很重视造化，曾游览过国内的名山大川，前些年还特意和儿子去宝岛台湾画写生稿。他热爱祖国，热爱生活，“搜尽奇峰打草稿”，他的这种情操，流露在他的每一幅山水画作中。

Styling. Most of Huading's works in his later years are mountain landscapes, with the shapes of houses, small bridges, sloping banks, twists and turns, trails, distant mountains and sailboats. The mountains overlap, the trees are scattered, and the clouds are shrouded. For example, the painting of sails in Cangling mountains is designed to see wonders in the middle of the level. It takes its quality near and its potential far. It is not an ordinary way. The pen and ink are dry and wet, real and virtual, complex but not chaotic. Huading's landscape painting comes from life. He attaches great importance to nature. He has visited famous mountains and rivers in China. A few years ago, he went to Taiwan with his son to draw sketches. He loves his motherland and life, "searching all the strange peaks and making drafts". His sentiment is revealed in every landscape painting.

画格。此乃人格之投影。华丁画风的快捷、流畅的笔线，简洁、优美的色彩突破，体现了他呼吸着时代的气息，不随世俗，执着追求的艺术胆识。着眼于艺术之高品位，乃是华丁书画艺术的核心，也是他的成功之道。我所熟知的华丁，他生活简朴，待人真诚，嫉恶如仇，生活力求朴素清淡，没有驳杂的业余爱好。其实他还擅篆刻，可惜年迈已封刀多年。

Draw a grid. This is the projection of personality. Huading's fast and smooth brush lines and concise and beautiful color breakthroughs reflect his artistic courage to breathe the breath of the times, not follow the secular world and pursue persistently. Focusing on the high quality of art is not only the core of Huading's calligraphy and painting art, but also his way to success. As far as I know, Huading lives a simple life, treats people sincerely, hates evil as hatred, strives to live a simple and light life, and has no complex hobbies. In fact, he is also good at seal cutting. Unfortunately, he is old and has sealed the knife for many years.

王伯敏生前曾说，华丁先生，以理求道，两者兼顾而贯通，成为当代的评论大家。华丁在绘画的同时，又进行艺术理论研究，曾为五十多位有成就的艺术家写作发表艺术评论，出有专著《华丁文集(三卷)》《黄逸宾山水画研究》《黄逸宾山水画论丛》《品读王伯敏》等，得到过黄逸宾、王伯敏的佳评。华丁实践与理论并行，较好地运用了“五笔七墨”，致力于笔墨氤氲的山水境界，努力追寻笔与墨与水与色的结合，因而他的山水画面显得丰富多彩。他在信中说，我绘画和写艺评，就是向诸多艺术精英学习的过程，是博采众长、不断厚积的过程。

Wang Bomin said before his death that Mr. Hua Ding, seeking truth by reason and combining the two, has become a contemporary commentator. At the same time of painting, Hua Ding also carried out research on art theory. He has published art comments for the writing of more than 50 successful artists. He has published monographs such as Hua Ding Anthology (three volumes), research on Huang Yibin's landscape painting, Huang Yibin's landscape painting collection, reading Wang Bomin, etc., which have won good comments from Huang Yibin and Wang Bomin. In parallel with practice and theory, Huading makes good use of "five strokes and seven inks", devotes himself to the dense landscape realm of pen and ink, and tries to pursue the combination of pen and ink, water and color, so his landscape pictures appear rich and colorful. He said in his letter that my painting and writing art review is a process of learning from many art elites, a process of absorbing people's strengths and constantly accumulating.

概括而言，华丁的艺术山水画，无论是早中期还是晚期作品，浓缩了文人写意画的精华，显现的是新与活、蕴与趣和真与诚。反映了他在各个时期的思想感情、艺术风貌、生活状态和艺术历程。更是他半个多世纪以来，对人生历史的高声歌唱、笔墨丹青。

To sum up, the art landscape painting of Hua Ding is concentrated on the essence of literati freehand brushwork, both in the early and middle stage, and in the late works. It reflects his thoughts and feelings, artistic style, living state and artistic process in various periods. It is also his singing and painting of life and history for more than half a century.

新，如《江南最忆是杭州》《春归》，欣赏他的山水画，总会有一种出意料的新鲜感，或山或水，尤其是人与情的意境的处理，给人以启示。

New, such as "the most memory of Jiangnan is Hangzhou" and "return in spring", when appreciating his landscape paintings, there will always be an unexpected freshness, or the treatment of mountains or water, especially the artistic conception of human and emotion, which gives people enlightenment.

活，如《南湖情》《红梅》其画及题诗中，往往把无生命的物事，赋予生命。如春夏秋冬的表述，画面生机盎然，扑面而来。

Living, such as the love of South Lake and red plum, often endows inanimate things with life in their paintings and poems. Such as the expression of spring, summer, autumn and winter, the picture is full of vitality.

蕴，如《牧归图》《蜀山险峻图》是画中的内涵之美的表露。华丁先生的人生阅历和艰难磨练，往往在画中表达含蓄蕴藉却又淋漓尽致。

For example, the painting of herding and returning and the painting of steep mountains in Shu are the expression of the beauty of connotation in the painting. Mr. Huading's life experience and hard training are often expressed implicitly and incisively in his paintings.

趣，这是华丁画的一个特点。他所描绘的湖光景色，如《断桥残雪》《青海湖一角》，山水与人物，用色活泼，人物灵动，趣味无穷。

Interesting, this is a feature of Huading painting. The lake scenery he painted, such as broken bridge and snow and a corner of Qinghai Lake, landscapes and characters, lively colors, flexible characters and infinite interest.

真，如《山区雨后》《松鹤图》，每一幅山水画浓缩真情，画中所题写的诗跋绝无假大空，或平等交流，或人生哲理，或针砭时弊，或真诚致福。

For example, after the rain in the mountain area and the painting of pines and cranes, each landscape painting condenses the true feelings. The poems and postscripts inscribed in the painting are by no means false and empty, or equal communication, or life philosophy, or criticizing the disadvantages of the times, or sincere blessing.

诚，如《富春江上》《小舟添在水湾湾》，其作品的意蕴体现的是一种平等的态度，亲切地与读者互动交流。他的画大多是惠赠和捐献，胸襟博爱。

Cheng, such as "on the Fuchun River" and "a boat added to the bay of water", the meaning of his works reflects an equal attitude and cordially interacts with readers. Most of his paintings are gifts and donations, with a broad mind of fraternity.

总之，华丁山水画继承黄宾虹，层层渲染，既有水墨画的笔致，又有油画的意蕴，特别耐人寻味。随着年事渐高，近年来他的画更为随心所欲，更为老辣，呈现出沧桑感。诗为心画，文以载道。作品在抒发情怀和自我陶冶的同时，也表达着对社会和生活的倾情与关注、讴歌与批评。

In short, Huading landscape painting inherits Huang Binhong and renders layers by layers. It not only has the style of ink painting, but also has the meaning of oil painting, which is particularly thought-provoking. As he gets older, in recent years, his paintings are more arbitrary, more old and spicy, showing a sense of vicissitudes. Poetry is the heart of painting, and literature carries Tao. While expressing feelings and self cultivation, the works also express feelings, concerns, praises and criticisms about society and life.

丹青不随年华老，万紫千红笔底来。华丁先生已耄耋之年，他依然精神矍铄，驰骋墨缘，乐此不疲。他特别思绪故里浙江兰溪，笔下常常绘描出兰江之畔的山山水水。听凭心灵驱动的笔峰，凝结了乐泉的追求，在纷繁的世界中拥有自已的心灵静土。

The painting does not grow old with the years, but comes from a colorful pen. Mr. Huading is an old man. He is still hale and hearty, galloping ink edge and enjoying it. He especially thought about his hometown Lanxi, Zhejiang, and often painted the mountains and rivers along the Lanjiang River. The pen peak driven by the soul condenses the pursuit of Lequan and has its own spiritual quiet land in the complex world.

(作者系中国科普作家协会会员)

(the author is a member of China Popular Science Writers Association)