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嘉宾：王祥云：鸟虫篆艺术研究院院长

主持人：孙宇

编导：张红梅

道具：鸟虫篆字画（王子于戈、九福、九寿、扇面、贵、曾）、鸟虫篆瓷器（登鹳雀楼、财源广进瓶、飞碟、年年有余盘）、鸟虫篆紫砂盘、《鸟虫篆发凡》、册页、《孙子兵法全卷》、《养生宝典》相关书籍、王祥云爷爷及父亲的鸟虫篆。

主持人：独家记忆，百变人生。欢迎收看《记忆》，我是孙宇。看过电视剧《芈月传》的人，都会对里面使用的文字感到惊奇，不论是“通关铜符节”、还是书信上，以及占卜的龟壳上都写着一些似飞鸟的文字，甚至有人说这些是天书，其实，这些神秘的文字，是一种使用了1200多年的贵族文字——鸟虫篆，为什么这些文字被称为“贵族文字”？又记载了哪些久远的历史呢？

这是一种古老的文字，“让古文字活起来”。这是一个普通的人，带领着一个团队担当着时代的责任，“让古文字活起来”！这是一种内涵博大精美的文字，展示着中国千年文化的辉煌！

鸟虫篆艺术研究院院长 王祥云

公元9000年前，中国古人在龟甲、骨器、石器和陶器上刻写的符号，延续着“初造书契，以代结绳”的文明史，拉开了中华文明的大幕。“鸟”作为远古人类崇拜的“神”, 古人借助鸟的神通，将鸟与文字结合，与天地交往，与神灵和祖先沟通，“祛邪纳福”，创造了中国的文字艺术——鸟虫篆。

究竟什么是鸟虫篆？

鸟虫篆是中国的古文字艺术，起源于商周时期，是由图腾文、甲骨文、金文演变而来的一种特殊文字艺术。是与甲骨文同时代的一种文字，甲骨文是用来记述历史事件的，使用面广，大家比较了解。鸟虫篆与甲骨文不同，是一种书法艺术，特别美丽。这种文字是王朝皇族专用的文字，普通人不能用。它从商代开始，是秦代八种官方使用文字，汉代六种官方使用文字之一。魏晋以后，篆书不在使用，留在宫廷中使用，一直到清朝咸丰皇帝。随着清政府的败落，清宫廷也不再使用，几近消失了，大家知道的不多。它从原始的符号刻划中生根，从商鼎周彝的图腾中走出，从夏商的甲骨中脱变，演绎为青铜时代的辉煌，秦汉时期的时尚，经过唐宋元明清的淬化，成为中国历史文化的标识之一。

鸟虫篆是盛行于春秋战国，都应用在什么地方？

根据出土文物和史料记载，鸟虫篆广泛应用于青铜器上，是青铜文明的象征。鸟虫篆的应用范围大体有六类：书写符节、书写幡信、国王卫队用的仪仗、国王用的礼器上、生活用具上、宫殿用的建筑构件上。

那项羽、张飞所使用的兵器是否应用这种文字？

这种文字被寓意为高贵、吉祥、诚信和财富的象征，所以皇帝并没有在制作兵器时使用，而是用在自己出行的仪仗队中，抑制刀光剑影下的恐怖，显示自己的威严、高贵，炫耀自己的财富和权力。

故事一：为什么电视剧《芈月传》的书信、占卜器物以及通关文书都用鸟虫篆？

说到鸟虫篆，在电视剧《芈月传》中，就有这么一组情节，魏长使偷偷把“通关铜符节”塞到了魏琰的首饰盒里，想让魏琰顺利回到自己的国家。这个符节上就写着鸟虫篆，符节就相当于现今的护照，而且剧中写的书信也是用的鸟虫篆，这些神秘的文字，为什么现今知道的人并不多，却在那个年代如此盛行呢？

鸟书篆也称鸟书，笔画像鸟形，即文字与鸟形融为一体，或在字旁与字的上下附加鸟形作装饰，这些神秘的文字是皇族专用，象征着高雅文化、吉祥文化、诚信文化、宗教文化。而在春秋战国时期，唯独鸟虫篆能刻在符节上。符节就相当于现今的护照，符节材质比较多，用金、银、铜等制成，样式也不相同，是中国古代朝廷传达命令、征调兵将以及用于执行公务的通行证。另外，符节在后宫中身份也被使用，宫中只有地位比较高一些的妃子和大臣才会拥有，而那些远嫁的妃子就是通过符节来和自己的亲人联系，并且通信。

为什么在春秋战国时期非常盛行这种文字？

文字艺术的发展和繁荣，离不开所处的时代。尽管鸟虫篆产生于商代，由于学在官府的条件限制，发展缓慢。春秋战国时期，新兴地主阶级以蓬勃的朝气，登上历史舞台。思想上的解放，形成了百家争鸣、百花齐放的局面。这样的历史条件，为文字由实用向艺术发展提供了得天独厚的条件。以楚文化为代表的鸟虫篆艺术，引领了文字发展的方向，这是其一，另外当年皇亲国戚和贵族使用这种文字，是身份的象征，它还是诚信、吉祥、财富的象征，是一种时代潮流。所以《芈月传》所表现的那个时代，才会用鸟虫篆作为符节的专用文字。同时还具有宗教文化的作用，用它“交天地，通神灵”。

说到这些神秘文字是贵族专用，我给大家现场写一个字，让大家感受一下鸟虫篆是怎么写的，这个贵字为什么这样写？

宋代出土 著录于薛尚功《历代钟鼎彝器款识法帖》

在现代汉语中，“贵”用来指一个人的社会地位高。从最早作为财富代表的“土”受到敬拜开始，“贵”便受到崇尚和重视，把地位高的人称为“贵宾”、“贵客”，把皇帝的妻子称为“贵妃”。于是，中国文化围绕一个“贵”字展开。它从原始的符号刻划中生根，从商鼎周彝的图腾中走出，从夏商的甲骨中脱变，演绎为青铜时代的辉煌，秦汉时期的时尚，经过唐宋元明清的淬化，成为中国历史文化的标识之一。那么在古人创造的鸟虫篆文字艺术中，“贵”是什么呢？

这是中国二千五百多年前春秋战国时期的文字。“贵”字是个形声字。从字的构形上看，最初的贵字是双手捧着泥土，装进存宝的匣子里加以珍藏。古人最初造字的本义是“土”最为宝贵，可以生养万物，为人类提供衣食住行所需的各种物质。古人敬拜萌生万物的泥土，所以将“土”作为财富的代表。后来在文字的演化过程中，下边的“土”变成了“贝”。为什么会变成“贝”呢？“贝”，在商周时期指的是钱币，又是美丽的装饰品，是金钱和财富的象征。

是不是有了钱就可以说是“贵”呢？我认为不是。有钱贪图享受，别人有危难时当缩头乌龟。没有责任感和仁爱心，不是贵。鸟虫篆“贵”字的构形，告诉了我们什么是“贵”。

“贵”是一种责任。把“贵”字上面代表“双手”的“双臂”，弯曲变形为一条长龙，体现的是国家责任。他为什么要把“中”下面的一横变形为龙形呢？龙在我们中华民族的心目中，代表着吉祥，象征着神圣，又是力量的化身。晋王是一国之王，他没有登上王位以前，长期在外国流浪。他深知没有国家，也就没有国王。他登上王位后，选贤任能，励精图志，把晋国建成了一个强大的国家。他把中下面的一横，变成一条长龙，用以保护国家的安全，体现了晋王的国家责任意志品质。这种国家责任意识，在铭文中非常鲜明地得到印证。“册復毋返，毋作毋悔。”这两句箴言的意思是：接受了保卫国家的任务，就要勇敢积极参加，决不能半途而废。即使担负的是没有多大作为的工作，也不要后悔，因为你毕竟参加了这场伟大事业。

“贵”中包含着权力。把代表“双手”的“双臂”，弯曲变形为一条城墙。四周用高墙围起来，让贵人和财富处于独立的空间之内。为什么要变形为墙呢？体现的是晋王高贵的权力。这是因为，墙，是中国古代历史上的一个强大的意象。它以强硬而单调的造型，来体现它的权力。商周至秦汉，各诸侯国纷纷修筑长城，防御外邦入侵。在战国时代，有20多个诸侯国修筑过长城。秦始皇统一六国时，修建了连接北方边界的万里长城。各诸侯国都把自己的居住地，按照“风水”布局修建都城，用长城保卫国家，用城墙保卫国都，用宫墙保卫国王，普通百姓也效仿，用院墙保护自己。不同利益集团和阶层，采用道道分明的界线，也就是通过围墙这个强大的意象，来表达各自的权力。

“贵”是一种担当。弯曲变形为一条臂膀，体现的是晋王的担当精神，保护的是国家宝贵的财产。“贝”在古代是“货币”，是“宝贝”，是钱财宝物。把代表国家财产、皇室财产、普通百姓财产的宝贝，放在城的中央，保护起来，体现的不仅是担当精神，也体现了经济安全的重要性，更显得财产“尊贵”。国家经济安全和百姓的经济安全，是国家的经济基础和硬实力。这种担当精神，在铭文中同样能得到印证。“不汲於利，民产有敬。”箴言中的这两句告诉大家，要担当起保卫国家的重任，就不要计较个人的名利得失。我们保护的是国家的财产，也是老百姓的财产。无论是国家的财产，还是老百姓的财产，都要受到敬重和保护。

“贵”是自尊与安全。把“贵”字上面代表存宝的匣子变形为乌龟，与代表“双手”的“双臂”的长蛇结合，形成玄武，体现的是晋王的自尊精神。这座城按照礼制，由“四灵”镇守东西南北四宫，用来辟邪恶，调阴阳。下面是两个朱雀，由两个朱雀镇守南方，保护国家一方平安。他们守护的是中间的“贝”，是国家的幸福安定的生活。显示了这个城池的主人，身份高贵。

“贵”是必须坚持的原则。这个“贵”字，又像是一座豪华的别墅。两个比目鸟，像一对爱侣，居于花园式的别墅之中。他们朝夕相处，共同生活。是永结同心，相亲相爱的美好象征。展示给我们的是生命犹可贵，爱情价更高的真实写照。这种崇高的爱情，安定、和睦、幸福的生活，是晋王追求的精神生活。不但自己过上幸福生活，让老百姓也过上幸福生活。这是晋王的原则精神。这种意念的表达，同样能在铭文中得到印证。“不择贵贱。”人民要受到尊重，不论地位高低，不论贫穷还是富有，都要平等对待，尊重自己的同时，还要尊重别人。

看完这个“贵”字，我们的敬畏之心，由然而生！古人创造的“贵”字，在这里表达的是皇族的一种精神，是中华民族的一种精神。即国家责任意识，国家权力意识，勇于担当精神，国家安全意识，自尊自爱的原则精神。这些都告诉我们国家的高贵，财产的高贵，家庭的高贵，人品的高贵，身份的高贵。这个“贵”字蕴含的精神，是修身、齐家、治国、平天下的道理，这些道理成为中华民族高尚人格的标准，保佑护卫中国几千年！

用崇高的教养和品行体现的“贵”字，保佑护卫中国人的家国情怀。《诗经》中说：“执子之手，与子偕老。”中国人是最有家庭观念的民族之一，父母健在，夫妻和睦，子女孝顺，全家平安，就是中国人的天伦之乐。古人留下了大量表达夫妻分散，亲人别离的诗文，都源于《诗经》中的一个约定：执子之手，与之偕老。正是这个约定，使得多少夫妻度过难关，繁衍生息，并由家及国，使中国人成为全世界唯一以国家形态传承，而又同根、同文、同种延续几千年的民族！

用高贵的道德情操和文化精神体现的“贵”字，使中华民族的人格价值取象代代相传。《孟子》说：“富贵不能淫，贫贱不能移，威武不能屈，……”孟子的这句话，成为许多英雄豪杰、志士仁人的座右铭，铸就了几千年来中华民族挺直的脊梁！用宽厚的爱心，纯洁的品格，承担的勇气，坚韧的毅力，人格的尊严组成的“贵”字，使中华民族把美德和荣誉高于一切。敢于放言“天变不足畏，祖宗不足法，人言不足恤”的王安石。宣称“人生自古谁无死，留取丹心照汗青”的文天祥，吟咏“我自横刀向天笑”的谭嗣同。他们是一个个的大丈夫！北宋大儒张载的“为天地立心，为生民立命，为往圣继绝学，为万世开太平。”的勇于担当精神和大无畏气概，广为传颂！

中华民族这种代代相传的高贵精神，是中国人价值观念与现实选择的积淀，是我们的宝贵财富。

为什么鸟虫篆是诚信文化的代表？

在符节上刻写鸟虫篆是诚信的象征，在楚国当时就有一位皇后因为没见到符节，最后落入江中而死的故事。《太平御览》中记载着“楚昭贞姜渐台待符”的故事。贞姜夫人是齐候的女儿，楚昭王的夫人。有一次,楚昭王出游,把贞姜夫人单独留在渐台上,不幸江水泛滥,楚昭王派使者去迎接夫人贞姜,但是使者忘了带昭王的符节,贞姜夫人看到使者没有带昭王的符节,不愿意与使者一同离开那个危险的境地。“夫人曰：‘妾为贞女之义不犯约，勇者不畏死。”使者返回取符,等到再回来时,渐台崩蹋，贞姜夫人被大水冲走了。姜贞夫人“处约持信”的行为，成为诚实守信的典范,在社会广为流传。

符节上的鸟虫篆，有明显的区别，因为时代不同，使用的诸侯国不同，书写的字体也有区别。现代已经发现当时有楚国、吴国、越国、蔡国、徐国、宋国、曾国、申国、许国、齐国、邾国、晋国、中山国等13个诸侯国使用。仅楚国当时有三种写法，两个符节用了两种写法。

鸟虫篆是皇族的专用，历代都有皇帝对这种文字颇为喜爱

鸟虫篆起源于商代。古代帝王对鸟虫篆宠爱有加。从商王王亥到春秋十二国诸侯。按照历史朝代排列，历代都有喜欢鸟虫篆的皇帝。从秦始皇开始，到清咸丰帝止，形成了帝王的传承链接。（秦始皇→汉灵帝汉献帝→曹操、曹丕、曹睿→唐太宗、唐高宗、武则天→齐高帝→宋太祖、宋徽宗→元文帝→明嘉靖、万历、崇祯→清咸丰）

秦始皇非常喜爱鸟虫篆，就连他的大印都刻的鸟虫篆。秦始皇扫平六国，先灭了六国文字，烧了六国古书，却偏偏保留了盛行的鸟虫篆。《说文解字叙》记载：秦代有八种官方使用文字，鸟虫篆是其中之一。政府行文用小篆，民间记事是草隶，而玺章、旗帜用鸟虫篆，秦始皇命丞相李斯用鸟虫篆书写，由玉工孙寿雕刻了《传国玉玺》，据记载，《传国玉玺》宋代在陕西发现，当时有一个农民，他在刨地的时候，无意中发现了秦始皇的官印，上面写了八个字，就是鸟虫篆“受命于天、既寿永昌”。当时发现宝贝都要交上去，后来就交到了皇宫。

秦始皇传国玉玺：“受命于天、既寿永昌”

为什么秦始皇这么喜爱鸟虫篆文字？秦始皇偏爱鸟虫篆，主要是支撑鸟虫篆这种文化的背景，隐含在这种文化中的精神，这种精神是中华民族挺直的脊梁。鸟虫篆是王朝皇族文化，表现为中华民族勇于担当的精神。又是诚信文化，表现为中华民族诚实守信的人格。是吉祥文化，表现为中华民族追求美好幸福的生活。是宗教文化，表现为中华民族探索宇宙的工具。秦始皇胸怀大略，腹有良谋。身边文臣武将众多，特别是文臣李斯，生于蔡国，长于蔡国，受楚文化影响很深。开一代天下的秦始皇，要治理国家，隐含在这种文字里的精神，是教化臣民的最好载体与教材，自然不肯丢掉。而且发扬光大，由过去宫廷使用，改为全国通用。

东汉汉灵帝刘宏由于喜欢鸟虫篆，还特意为此开设了中国最早的专科大学，培养出一些著名的鸟虫篆书法家。

汉灵帝设立《鸿都门学》

鸟虫篆是楚文化，秦灭楚，楚又灭了秦。从汉高祖开始，要求子弟必须认识包括鸟虫篆在内的三千个篆字。到了汉灵帝刘宏，有才艺，爱好文学、书法。喜欢鸟虫篆，他专门在洛阳设立了《鸿都门学》，这是中国最早的专科大学，而且是世界上最早的文艺专科大学。他打破旧观念，提倡对文学艺术研究，招收平民子弟入学，打破了独尊儒术和贵族子弟对学校垄断。招收善于尺牍和攻读鸟篆的人，每天有数十人，专门研究。人数最多时达到千人，学成后授予高官。时间不长，就培养出一些著名的鸟虫篆书法家。代表人物有师宜官、梁鹄、毛弘等人。

受父亲影响，汉灵帝的儿子汉献帝也喜欢鸟虫篆，但是他虽然写的鸟虫篆一般，但他却喜欢让大臣称赞他写的好。东汉汉献帝特别喜欢鸟虫篆。邯郸淳，会写鸟虫篆，受到汉献帝重用，作荆州刺史，自杜林、卫宏之后，鸟虫篆等古文字，几乎灭绝，至邯郸淳开始复兴。以自己的书学，教诸皇子。一次和大臣邯郸淳写鸟虫篆，他问邯郸淳谁写的鸟虫篆好？邯郸淳灵机一动说，您写的是皇帝中最好的，我写的是臣子中最好的，汉献帝想你真聪敏，大臣那么多，皇帝就我一个，还是你写的好啊！

同样喜爱写鸟虫篆的，还有唐太宗李世民，他不仅喜欢写，还把自己写的鸟虫篆作为礼物送给了大臣，开启了把鸟虫篆书画作为礼物的先河。现在我们也会把书画作为礼物送给朋友，而这个习俗就是从唐太宗李世民开始的。公元644年2月，他召集三品以上官员，在玄武门大摆宴席，招待大臣。酒宴结束后，他乘兴挥笔，书写飞白鸟虫书，赏赐大臣。群臣乘着酒的醉意，争相从他手中竞取。散骑长侍刘洎，几次都没有争到手，十分着急，看到他快写完了，就跳到他的床上去争，终于抢到了手。群臣看到刘泪跳到太宗床上，认为是大不敬，跪在地上请唐太宗治刘泪的罪。太宗笑了笑说：“今天请大家吃酒，心里很高兴。刘泪喜欢鸟虫书，求字心切，君臣同乐，不必计较。”司徒长孙无忌，史部尚书扬师道说：相传旧俗朔旦，必用衣物相贺，嗣后，我们君臣各以鸟虫书代替衣物作礼品，相互祝贺。从此以后，鸟虫书便成了唐太宗与群臣相互祝贺的礼品。中国这种交际送字画的第一人就是唐太宗李世民开启的。

武则天作为中国历史上唯一的女皇，她也非常喜爱鸟虫篆，而且她给周灵王升仙太子庙碑提了四个字也是写的鸟虫篆。公元699年2月初四，武则天由洛阳赴嵩山封禅，返回时留宿于缑山升仙太子庙，触景生情，写下了周灵王太子晋升仙故事。并亲自书丹。在碑额上写了 “升仙太子之碑”六个字（洛阳偃师市府店镇缑山之巅。周灵王升仙太子庙）。用鸟虫书题写碑额，是唐太宗开始的。他首先为《晋祠铭碑》题写了碑额（太原市晋祠镇。李世民攻太原驻地）。唐高宗紧随其后，效仿唐太宗，为《纪公颂》碑碑额题写“大唐纪公颂“（郑州荥阳市汜水镇等兹寺内）店的宗东巡去许郑讲武时，过太宗擒窦建德处，缅怀功业而立。高宗还为《孝敬皇帝睿德碑》题写碑额（洛阳偃师市缑氏镇滹沱村）。这是高宗第五子李弘墓。李弘是武则天长子，暴病而死。唐高宗将其追谥为“孝敬皇帝”，开创了太子死后追封为皇帝的先河。

武则天飞白鸟虫书

不仅是皇帝喜欢写鸟虫篆，就连一些皇亲国戚以及大书法家也喜欢写鸟虫篆，形成了书法史上一个从东汉至唐代，跨越朝代的联结与传承。源头是蔡邕。汉灵帝设立鸿都学后，违背了“罢黜百家、独尊儒术”的汉代正统思想，引起士代夫阶层不满。蔡邕对辞赋、尺牍、鸟篆无所不通。他对汉灵帝的做法比较理解。以蔡邕为代表，通过师承关系传承书法，包括鸟篆。从蔡邕→蔡文姬→钟繇→卫夫人→王羲之→王献之→羊欣→王僧虔→萧子云→智永→虞世南→欧阳询→陆柬之→彦远→张旭→李阳冰→徐浩→颜真卿。这个传承体系中，有很多有名的书法家。

60年代出土的《越王勾践剑》上有鸟虫篆，这个八个字还曾经颇受争议，最终鉴定为“越王勾践，自作用剑”。公元前494年，吴国和越国的军队进行了一场生死搏杀，越军大败。在献上了绝世美女西施后，越国的国王勾践成了吴王夫差的马夫。卧薪尝胆、忍辱负重二十年后，勾践回到越国，他任用贤臣，发展生产，东山再起。用了9年时间灭掉了吴国，并成为春秋时期最后一名霸王。“鸠浅”就是这位卧薪尝胆的越王勾践的名字。而这把剑就是这位春秋霸主的王者之剑。

现藏：湖北省博物馆

出土：1965年湖北江陵望山1号楚王墓

年代：春秋晚期

与《越王勾践剑》的八个字不同，《王子午鼎》上刻有一篇鸟虫篆文章。文字非常美丽。鼎上有鸟虫篆铭文，文中记录了王子午一生的功德，表达了对先祖的追思，叙说了王子午自己施德政于民的业绩，并教育子孙以此为准则。全文语词流畅押韵，是楚国青铜器上不多见的长篇美文。王子午鼎是中国书法史上具有里程碑意义的重要作品。它标志着我国文字在发展中，从结构到书法风格都在发展变化。一改商代甲骨文风格，强调自身艺术价值，追求美化的自觉阶段。丰富的想象和深刻的寓意构成的图画美、文字美，启发了观赏者的无限联想。大家看这个 “孝”字，字的造形好像一位跪坐的母亲，怀抱孩子，若掌上明珠。这是母亲养育子女的永恒写照，留了下来。让千秋万代的孩子，看到这个字，就想起了母亲给予的爱。哪能不去用孝心感谢母亲呢？中间的“子”字，像一朵小花，两片细叶伸展着向上长。又像一个稚气的孩子，两条细叶，像两只细嫩的小手，高高举起，似在哭，似在笑，或者是正在接应着天降的甘淋，母亲的乳汁。展示给我们的：第一点，母爱的伟大。从古到今，母亲对子女的爱是博大无私的。第二点，对儿童的保护，祖先早把儿童比成花朵，倍加呵护，母爱为世人保护儿童做出了榜样。第三点，责任和义务的诠释。爱护子女，养育子女是父母的责任也是义务，同样孝敬父母，感恩父母是子女责任也是义务。第四点，母子享受天伦之乐。展示的是大爱无疆。

《王子午鼎》现藏河南省博物馆 出土于淅川县下寺，年代于春秋中期

备受皇亲贵族喜爱的鸟虫篆，为什么只延用了1200年，就接近消失了？

中国的文字有一个发展变化的过程。魏晋以后楷书出现，书写方便，篆书不再使用，鸟虫篆作为篆书的一种，自然退出舞台。成为皇亲国戚的专宠，鸟虫篆从产生到现在，一直受到皇家追捧。除了使用这些文字的十三个诸侯以外，前面已经谈到的秦始皇、汉灵帝、汉献帝、唐太宗、武则天。比如：曹操一家三代，特别喜欢鸟虫篆。邯郸淳，会写鸟虫篆，曹操对邯郸淳特别喜欢和敬重。曹操经常用大礼相迎，请教笔法。以自己的书学，教育子孙。卫觊、卫瓘、卫恒祖孙三代，好古文、鸟篆。魏建国后，曹操的儿子魏文帝曹丕，重用卫觊任尚书。曹操的孙子魏明帝喜欢鸟虫篆，进封卫觊为乡侯。其子卫瓘更是得到赏识，进司空，录尚书，领太子少傅。韦诞的鸟篆书法，得到魏明帝赏识，明帝修建了一座非常高的凌云阁，叫韦诞写，由于工人疏忽，字没写上，就把匾钉上去了。只好让韦诞站在一个筐子里，用辘轳把他拉上去，站在空中书写，离地高25丈。韦诞非常害怕，筐被慢慢拉上去，越高晃的越历害。韦诞战战兢兢写完，下来后大家全惊呆了，上去时头发是黑的，下来全白了。这件事对学习鸟虫篆造成一定影响，韦诞从此规定家人不准再学。

宋太祖赵匡胤喜欢鸟虫篆。释梦英善写鸟虫篆，收集古人鸟虫篆书法，效仿古代十八体书，创作出十八体篆书《惠林诗》。宋太祖把释梦英召到自己跟前，亲赐紫服。让释梦英陪同游终南山。引起众多书法家的称赞，并纷纷效仿。

宋徽宗喜欢书画，在书法上创出了瘦金体。他对书画的热爱，使宋代书画发展到一个新高度。特别是他创出瘦金体以后，在文人当中掀起了创作热。他喜欢鸟虫箓，在得到秦始皇传国大印后，更加喜欢鸟虫篆。

释道肯在释梦英十八篆的基础上，收集了三十二篆，用三十二体创作《金刚经》并且注明出处。为研究古今字体的演变留下了珍贵资料。从此，三十二篆《金刚经》在朝代更替中流传。元文帝孛儿只斤.图帖睦尔将三十二篆改为刻本、明嘉靖、万历先后刻印，做为皇室典藏，崇祯做为雕版影印。1858年，清咸丰过生日，让杨灏书“祖赐百福”祝贺。到咸丰帝之后，清朝国力下降，外侵割据，使皇亲贵族没有时间放在个人喜好上了，这种文字也就接近消失了。

鸟虫篆是书写在古籍里的文字。不仅仅是美丽，更重要的是支撑这种美丽背后的精神，即勇于创新的精神，敢于担当的精神，除去邪恶伸出正义的精神，坚持原则追求美好生活的精神。这些精神是中华民族挺直的脊梁。如何让这种消失的文字活起来？我们按照文化部的要求，在解读这些精神的同时，研究院推出书法、瓷器、紫砂、石雕、玉雕、木雕、动漫、汴绣等鸟虫篆艺术传承产业开发项目，进行鸟虫篆艺术产业开发经营。希望更多的人能够认识鸟虫篆，感知鸟虫篆的生命力和丰富内涵。积极参加鸟虫篆艺术传承活动，通过这些活动，让这种消失的古文字活起来。

英文直译

English literal translation

Video location: 600 square meter studio of Beijing TV station Xintai

Guest: Wang Xiangyun: President of bird insect Seal Art Research Institute

Host: Sun Yu

Editor and director: Zhang Hongmei

Props: bird and insect seal calligraphy and painting (Prince Yu Ge, Jiufu, jiushou, fan, GUI, Zeng), bird and insect seal porcelain (climbing the stork tower, wealth into bottles, flying saucers, more than plates every year), bird and insect seal purple sand plate, bird and insect seal making, album, complete volume of Sun Tzu's art of war, health preservation treasure book, bird and insect seal by grandpa Wang Xiangyun and his father.

Host: exclusive memory, changeable life. Welcome to memory. I'm Sun Yu. People who have seen the TV drama Mi Yue Zhuan will be surprised by the words used in it. Whether it is "customs clearance copper Fu Festival", or letters, as well as the tortoise shell of divination, some people even say that these are heavenly books. In fact, these mysterious words are an aristocratic character - bird insect seal script, which has been used for more than 1200 years, Why are these words called "noble words"? What long history has been recorded?

This is an ancient writing, "let the ancient writing live". This is an ordinary person, leading a team and bearing the responsibility of the times, "let the ancient characters live"! This is a kind of extensive and exquisite text, showing the brilliance of China's Millennium culture!

Wang Xiangyun, President of bird insect Seal Art Research Institute

Before 9000 A.D., the symbols engraved on tortoise shells, bone ware, stone tools and pottery by the ancient Chinese continued the civilization history of "first building deeds instead of tying ropes", and opened the curtain of Chinese civilization“ As the "God" worshipped by ancient humans, the ancients combined birds with words, communicated with heaven and earth, communicated with gods and ancestors, "dispel evil spirits and accept blessing", and created the Chinese writing art - bird insect seal.

What is bird insect seal?

Bird insect seal is an ancient Chinese writing art, which originated in the Shang and Zhou dynasties. It is a special writing art evolved from totem, Oracle and gold inscriptions. Oracle bone inscriptions are contemporaneous with oracle bone inscriptions. Oracle bone inscriptions are used to describe historical events. They are widely used and we know them better. Bird insect seal is different from oracle bone inscriptions. It is a kind of calligraphy art, especially beautiful. This kind of writing is a special writing for the royal family of the dynasty. Ordinary people can't use it. It began in the Shang Dynasty. It is one of the eight official languages in the Qin Dynasty and six official languages in the Han Dynasty. After the Wei and Jin Dynasties, seal script was not used, but remained in the court until emperor Xianfeng of the Qing Dynasty. With the fall of the Qing government, the Qing court was no longer used and almost disappeared. We don't know much. It took root from the original symbols, walked out of the totem of Zhou Yi, the Shang Ding, and changed from the oracle bones of Xia and Shang Dynasties. It was interpreted as the glory of the bronze age and the fashion of the Qin and Han Dynasties. After quenching in the Tang, song, yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, it has become one of the symbols of Chinese history and culture.

Bird insect seal was popular in the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period. Where were they used?

According to unearthed cultural relics and historical records, bird insect seal is widely used in bronze ware and is a symbol of bronze civilization. The application scope of bird insect seal can be divided into six categories: writing runes, writing flags and letters, honor guards for the king's guard, ritual vessels for the king, living utensils and building components for the palace.

Do the weapons used by Xiang Yu and Zhang Fei use this text?

This kind of writing is meant to be a symbol of nobility, auspiciousness, integrity and wealth. Therefore, the emperor did not use it when making weapons, but used it in his honor guard to suppress the terror under the shadow of the sword, show his majesty and nobility, and show off his wealth and power.

Story 1: why do the letters, divination utensils and customs clearance documents of the TV drama Mi Yue Zhuan use bird insect seal characters?

Speaking of bird insect seal script, in the TV drama Mi Yue Zhuan, there is such a group of plot that Wei Changshi secretly stuffed the "customs clearance copper amulet" into Wei Yan's jewelry box to make Wei Yan return to his country smoothly. The rune reads bird and insect seal, which is equivalent to today's passport, and the letters written in the play also use bird and insect seal. Why did not many people know these mysterious words now, but they were so popular in that era?

Bird script and seal script are also called bird script. The strokes are like bird shape, that is, the characters are integrated with bird shape, or bird shape is added next to the characters for decoration. These mysterious characters are dedicated to the royal family and symbolize elegant culture, auspicious culture, integrity culture and religious culture. In the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, only bird insect seal can be engraved on Fu Jie. Fujie is equivalent to today's passport. Fujie is made of many materials, such as gold, silver and copper, and has different styles. It is a pass for the ancient Chinese court to convey orders, recruit soldiers and perform official duties. In addition, the identity of Fujie is also used in the harem. Only concubines and ministers with higher status will have it in the palace, and those who marry far away will contact and communicate with their relatives through Fujie.

Why was this kind of writing very popular in the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period?

The development and prosperity of writing art are inseparable from the times. Although bird insect seal was produced in the Shang Dynasty, it developed slowly due to the restrictions of learning in the government. During the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, the emerging landlord class stepped onto the historical stage with vigorous vitality. Ideological emancipation has formed a situation in which a hundred schools of thought contend and a hundred flowers bloom. Such historical conditions provide unique conditions for the development of characters from practicality to art. The bird, insect and seal art represented by Chu culture has led the development direction of characters. This is one of them. In addition, the use of this character by Royal relatives and nobles in those years is a symbol of identity. It is also a symbol of integrity, auspiciousness and wealth. It is a trend of the times. Therefore, in the era represented in MI Yue Zhuan, bird insect seal characters were used as special characters for Fu Jie. At the same time, it also has the function of religious culture. It is used to "connect heaven and earth and communicate with gods".

When it comes to these mysterious characters that are exclusively used by aristocrats, I'll write a word for you on the spot to let you feel how the bird insect seal script is written. Why is this expensive word written like this?

Unearthed in Song Dynasty, it was recorded in the calligraphy of Yi ware appreciation of Zhongding in previous dynasties by Xue Shanggong

In modern Chinese, "Gui" is used to refer to a person's high social status. Since the earliest worship of "Earth" as the representative of wealth, "Gui" has been respected and valued. People with high status are called "distinguished guests" and "distinguished guests", and the emperor's wife is called "imperial concubine". Therefore, Chinese culture revolves around the word "expensive". It took root from the original symbols, walked out of the totem of Zhou Yi, the Shang Ding, and changed from the oracle bones of Xia and Shang Dynasties. It was interpreted as the glory of the bronze age and the fashion of the Qin and Han Dynasties. After quenching in the Tang, song, yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, it has become one of the symbols of Chinese history and culture. So what is "expensive" in the bird insect seal character art created by the ancients?

It was written in the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period more than 2500 years ago“ The word "Gui" is a pictophonetic character. In terms of the structure of the characters, the original precious characters were held in both hands with soil and put into a treasure box for collection. The original meaning of the ancient characters was that "Earth" was the most precious, which could produce and feed all things and provide mankind with all kinds of materials needed for clothing, food, shelter and transportation. The ancients worshipped the earth that gave birth to all things, so they took "Earth" as the representative of wealth. Later, in the evolution of characters, the "soil" below became "shell". Why did it become "Bei"“ "Bei" in the Shang and Zhou dynasties refers to coins, beautiful decorations and a symbol of money and wealth.

Can money be said to be "expensive"? I don't think so. Money is greedy for enjoyment. When others are in danger, they should shrink their heads. No sense of responsibility and benevolence, not expensive. The configuration of the word "Gui" in bird insect seal tells us what "Gui" is.

"Expensive" is a responsibility. The "double arms" above the word "expensive" Representing "both hands" are bent and deformed into a long dragon, which reflects the national responsibility. Why did he transform the cross under the "middle" into a dragon? In the eyes of our Chinese nation, the Dragon represents auspiciousness, symbolizes holiness and is the embodiment of power. The king of Jin is the king of a country. Before he ascended the throne, he wandered abroad for a long time. He knew that without a country, there would be no king. After he ascended the throne, he selected and appointed talents and made great efforts to build Jin into a powerful country. He turned the middle and lower horizontal into a long dragon to protect national security, reflecting the king of Jin's will and quality of national responsibility. This sense of state responsibility is clearly confirmed in the inscriptions“ Never return the book, never do it, never regret it. " These two proverbs mean that if you accept the task of defending the country, you should be brave and actively participate, and never give up halfway. Even if you take on a job that doesn't do much, don't regret it, because you have participated in this great cause after all.

"Expensive" contains power. Bend the "arms" Representing "hands" into a city wall. Surrounded by high walls, noble people and wealth are in an independent space. Why deform into a wall? It reflects the noble power of the king of Jin. This is because the wall is a powerful image in ancient Chinese history. It reflects its power with a tough and monotonous shape. From Shang and Zhou Dynasties to Qin and Han Dynasties, various Vassal States built the Great Wall to defend against foreign invasion. In the Warring States period, more than 20 Vassal States built the Great Wall. When Qin Shihuang unified the six countries, he built the great wall connecting the northern border. Each vassal state built its capital according to the layout of "Feng Shui", defended the country with the Great Wall, the capital with the city wall, and the king with the palace wall. Ordinary people followed suit and protected themselves with the courtyard wall. Different interest groups and strata use clear boundaries, that is, through the powerful image of the fence, to express their respective powers.

"Expensive" is a kind of responsibility. It is bent and deformed into an arm, which reflects the responsibility spirit of the king of Jin and protects the precious property of the country“ In ancient times, Bei was a "currency", a "treasure" and a treasure of money. Putting the treasure representing national property, Royal Property and ordinary people's property in the center of the city and protecting it reflects not only the spirit of responsibility, but also the importance of economic security, but also the "dignity" of property. National economic security and the economic security of the people are the economic foundation and hard power of the country. This spirit of responsibility can also be confirmed in the inscriptions“ If you don't pursue profits, you will respect the people's property. " These two proverbs tell you that if you want to shoulder the important task of defending your country, you should not care about your personal fame, wealth, gains and losses. What we protect is not only the property of the state, but also the property of the people. Both state property and people's property should be respected and protected.

"Expensive" is self-esteem and security. The box representing treasure on the word "Gui" is transformed into a turtle, combined with the long snake representing "both hands" to form a Xuanwu, which reflects the self-esteem spirit of the king of Jin. According to the ritual system, the four spirits guard the four palaces in the East, West, North and south, which are used to ward off evil and adjust Yin and Yang. Below are two rosefinches. Two rosefinches guard the south to protect the safety of the country. They guard the "shell" in the middle and the happy and stable life of the country. It shows that the owner of the city is noble.

"Expensive" is a principle that must be adhered to. The word "expensive" is like a luxury villa. Two birds, like a pair of lovers, live in a garden villa. They live together day and night. It is a beautiful symbol of eternal unity and love. It shows us that life is still valuable and love is more expensive. This noble love, a stable, harmonious and happy life, is the spiritual life pursued by the king of Jin. Not only live a happy life, but also let the people live a happy life. This is the principle spirit of the king of Jin. The expression of this idea can also be confirmed in the inscription“ Do not choose high or low. " People should be respected. They should be treated equally regardless of their status, poverty or wealth. While respecting themselves, they should also respect others.

After reading this "expensive" word, our awe is born from however! The word "Gui" created by the ancients expresses a spirit of the royal family and the Chinese nation. That is, the consciousness of national responsibility, the consciousness of national power, the spirit of courage to play, the consciousness of national security, and the principle spirit of self-respect and self love. These tell us the nobility of the country, the nobility of property, the nobility of the family, the nobility of character and the nobility of identity. The spirit contained in the word "expensive" is the principles of self-cultivation, family harmony, governing the country and pacifying the world. These principles have become the standard of the noble personality of the Chinese nation and bless and protect China for thousands of years!

With the word "expensive" embodied in noble education and conduct, bless and protect the Chinese people's feelings of family and country《 The book of songs says, "hold your son's hand and grow old with your son." The Chinese are one of the nations with the most family concept. The happiness of the Chinese family is that their parents are alive, their husband and wife are harmonious, their children are filial and their family is safe. The ancients left a large number of poems expressing the dispersion of husband and wife and the separation of relatives, all of which originated from an agreement in the book of Songs: hold your son's hand and grow old with him. It is this agreement that has enabled many couples to overcome difficulties, multiply and live, and from home and country, so that the Chinese people have become the only nation in the world that has been inherited in the form of a country and has the same root, culture and species for thousands of years!

The word "expensive" embodied in noble moral sentiment and cultural spirit makes the personality value of the Chinese nation pass on from generation to generation《 Mencius said: "wealth and honour cannot be debauched, poverty and lowliness cannot be moved, power and force cannot be subdued,..." Mencius's words have become the motto of many heroes and people with lofty ideals, and have cast the upright backbone of the Chinese nation for thousands of years! With the word "expensive" composed of generous love, pure character, courage to bear, tenacious perseverance and human dignity, the Chinese nation puts virtue and honor above all else. Wang Anshi, who dares to say that "heaven is not afraid, ancestors are not law, and people are not compassionate". Wen Tianxiang, who declared that "who has never died since ancient times, keeps his heart to shine on history", and Tan Sitong, who chanted "I smile from the horizontal knife to the sky". They are big husbands one by one! Zhang Zai, a great Confucian scholar of the Northern Song Dynasty, said, "stand up for heaven and earth, make life for the people, inherit unique knowledge for the saints, and open peace for all ages." The courage to take responsibility and fearlessness are widely praised!

This noble spirit of the Chinese nation, passed down from generation to generation, is the accumulation of Chinese values and realistic choices, and is our precious wealth.

Why is bird insect seal character the representative of honesty culture?

Carving bird insect seal characters on Fu Jie is a symbol of integrity. At that time, there was a story of a queen who finally fell into the river and died because she didn't see Fu Jie in the state of Chu《 The story of "Chu Zhaozhen and Jiang Jiantai waiting for Fu" is recorded in Taiping Yulan. Mrs. Zhenjiang is the daughter of Qi Hou and the wife of King Zhao of Chu. Once, King Zhao of Chu went on a trip and left Mrs. Zhen Jiang alone on the platform. Unfortunately, the river was flooded. King Zhao of Chu sent an envoy to meet his wife Zhen Jiang, but the envoy forgot to bring the king Zhao's amulet. Mrs. Zhen Jiang saw that the envoy did not bring the King Zhao's amulet and was unwilling to leave that dangerous situation with the envoy“ The lady said, "my concubine is a chaste girl. She doesn't break the contract. The brave are not afraid of death." The messenger returned to get the talisman. When he came back again, the platform collapsed and Mrs. Zhenjiang was washed away by the flood. Mrs. Jiang Zhen's behavior of "keeping promises" has become a model of honesty and trustworthiness and has been widely spread in society.

There are obvious differences between bird insect seal characters on Fu stanzas, because different times, different vassal countries and different writing fonts. It has been found in modern times that it was used by 13 vassal states, including Chu, Wu, Yue, Cai, Xu, song, Zeng, Shen, Xu, Qi, Ying, Jin and Zhongshan. At that time, there were only three writing methods in the state of Chu, and two writing methods were used for the two Fu stanzas.

Bird insect seal script is the exclusive use of the royal family. Emperors of all dynasties loved this kind of writing

Bird insect seal script originated in the Shang Dynasty. Ancient emperors loved bird insect seal characters. From Wang Hai, king of Shang Dynasty, to the princes of the Twelve Kingdoms in the spring and Autumn period. According to the arrangement of historical dynasties, there are emperors who like bird insect seal script in all dynasties. From the first emperor of Qin Dynasty to Xianfeng emperor of Qing Dynasty, the inheritance link of the emperor has been formed（ Qin Shihuang → Emperor Ling of Han Dynasty → Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty → Cao Cao, Cao Pi, Cao Rui → Tang Dynasty