让民间收藏文物“活起来”

——国家文物局局长刘玉珠谈社会文物管理综合改革试点

Let folk cultural relics "live"

——Liu Yuzhu, director of the State Administration of cultural relics

发布时间：2020-11-11 10:19 来源：国家文物局 编辑：马思伟

Siwei National Bureau of cultural relics

源远流长的中华文明，创造了数不胜数的文化瑰宝。不同机缘之下，它们有的成为馆藏文物，有的则在市场流通、被民间收藏，成为社会文物。

The long-standing Chinese civilization has created countless cultural treasures. Under different opportunities, some of them become cultural relics in the collection, while others are circulated in the market and collected by the people, and become social cultural relics.

为鼓励民间合法收藏文物、促进文物市场活跃有序发展，社会文物管理综合改革试点10日在上海启动。围绕民间文物收藏和文物市场发展面临的挑战和任务、本次综合改革试点的重要举措，国家文物局局长刘玉珠接受了新华社记者的专访。

In order to encourage people to collect cultural relics legally and promote the active and orderly development of cultural relics market, a pilot project of comprehensive reform of social cultural relics management was launched in Shanghai on the 10th. Liu Yuzhu, director of the State Administration of cultural relics, received an exclusive interview with Xinhua News Agency reporters on the challenges and tasks faced by folk cultural relics collection and cultural relics market development, as well as the important measures of this comprehensive reform pilot project.

探索具有中国特色的民间收藏文物保护利用之路

Exploring the protection and utilization of folk cultural relics with Chinese characteristics

问：本次综合改革试点的背景是什么？选择上海有何考虑？

Q: what is the background of this comprehensive reform pilot project? What are the considerations in choosing Shanghai?

答：社会文物管理工作，主要致力于民间文物的保护利用传承，是文物工作的重要组成部分。近年来，我国民间文物收藏发展迅速，受到社会广泛关注，收藏群体逐步由小众走向大众，文物市场规模稳居世界前列，民间收藏文物渐成人民群众文化消费热点，对促进经济发展和文化繁荣发挥了重要作用。

A: the management of social cultural relics, mainly committed to the protection, utilization and inheritance of folk cultural relics, is an important part of cultural relics work. In recent years, the collection of folk cultural relics in China has developed rapidly and received extensive attention from the society. The collection group has gradually moved from a small group to the public. The scale of cultural relics market ranks at the forefront of the world. Folk cultural relics collection has gradually become a hot spot of cultural consumption of the people, which plays an important role in promoting economic development and cultural prosperity.

“十三五”期间，我国民间文物收藏和文物市场在保持总体稳定发展态势的基础上，进入到了亟待转型升级、提质增效的新阶段。与此同时，民间文物保护利用不足、流通渠道不畅、信用体系缺失、市场环境无序等问题凸显，亟待通过系统性综合改革去推动解决长期制约行业发展的关键性问题。

During the 13th Five Year Plan period, on the basis of maintaining the overall stable development trend, China's folk cultural relics collection and cultural relics market has entered a new stage of transformation and upgrading, quality improvement and efficiency improvement. At the same time, problems such as insufficient protection and utilization of folk cultural relics, poor circulation channels, lack of credit system and disordered market environment are highlighted. It is urgent to solve the key problems restricting the development of the industry through systematic and comprehensive reform.

上海是民间文物收藏重镇，文物市场具有良好的发展基础，市场规模一直位居全国前列，相关各方改革积极性较高。希望通过本次综合改革试点，为解决长期影响民间文物收藏和文物市场发展的一些突出问题积累经验，为文物收藏与流通经营健康发展营造良好环境，把市场活力激发出来，探索出具有中国特色的民间收藏文物保护利用之路。

Shanghai is an important town of folk cultural relics collection. The cultural relics market has a good foundation for development. The market scale has always been in the forefront of the country. All parties concerned have high enthusiasm for reform. We hope that through this comprehensive reform pilot project, we can accumulate experience in solving some outstanding problems that have long affected the development of folk cultural relics collection and cultural relics market, create a good environment for the healthy development of cultural relics collection and circulation management, stimulate the market vitality, and explore the road of protection and utilization of folk cultural relics with Chinese characteristics.

聚焦创新扶持政策和优化监管服务

Focusing on innovation supporting policies and optimizing regulatory services

问：本次综合改革试点的力度非常大，主要涉及哪些方面？

Q: this comprehensive reform pilot project is very strong. What are the main aspects involved?

答：这次综合改革试点的重点是聚焦创新扶持政策和优化监管服务，推动上海市在社会文物管理政策、促进机制、开放路径、服务模式等方面先行先试。10余项重要举措涉及社会文物管理的多个领域，其力度之大前所未有。概括来说，主要涉及4个方面。

A: the focus of this comprehensive reform pilot project is to focus on innovation and support policies and optimize regulatory services, so as to promote Shanghai to take the lead in the management policy, promotion mechanism, opening path and service mode of social cultural relics. More than 10 important measures involve many fields of cultural relics management, and their strength is unprecedented. Generally speaking, it mainly involves four aspects.

——加强收藏文化培育和鉴定服务供给。将组织实施文物收藏知识的宣传普及项目，开展文物保护法律法规和鉴赏知识的公共宣传，同时加强对民间收藏文物保管、修复的专业化服务，引导公众理性、合法收藏。建立文物公益鉴定服务常态机制，探索文物鉴定的市场化供给，试点建立文物鉴定师认定体系，探索文物鉴定人才培养和评价的新模式。

——We should strengthen the cultivation of collection culture and the supply of identification services. We will organize and implement the publicity and popularization project of cultural relics collection knowledge, carry out the public publicity of cultural relics protection laws and regulations and appreciation knowledge, strengthen the professional service for the preservation and restoration of folk cultural relics, and guide the public to collect rationally and legally. We should establish a normal mechanism of public service for cultural relics appraisal, explore the market-oriented supply of cultural relics appraisal, establish a system for the identification of cultural relics appraisers on a pilot basis, and explore a new mode of personnel training and evaluation for cultural relics appraisal.

——推动信用体系建设和提振市场信心。在上海市推行信用分级分类监管，建立文物市场红黑名单管理制度，健全守信激励和失信惩戒机制。结合信用体系建设实施登记交易制度试点，探索文物流通管理服务新模式。对信用良好纳入红名单的市场主体，探索简化文物拍卖标的审核许可等环节，经登记后可直接入市交易。

——Promote the construction of credit system and boost market confidence. In Shanghai, we will carry out credit grading and classification supervision, establish a red and black list management system for cultural relics market, and improve the mechanism of incentive and punishment for dishonesty. We will explore the construction of a new system of cultural relics registration and the implementation of a new model for the management of cultural relics. For the market entities with good credit and included in the red list, we should explore the simplification of the examination and approval of auction targets of cultural relics, which can be directly traded in the market after registration.

——加强市场主体培育和市场环境净化。缓解文物流通领域一级市场、二级市场发展倒挂问题，使文物市场体系的结构更合理。研究将古玩旧货市场的文物经营商户纳入文物商店资质管理，探索分区专营和商品标识制度。健全文物拍卖市场退出机制，推进优胜劣汰，支持上海扶持形成若干文物拍卖品牌企业稳健成长。探索包容审慎监管，支持文物拍卖企业经营业态和商业模式创新。

——We should strengthen the cultivation of market players and the purification of market environment. We should ease the problem of inverted development of primary and secondary markets in the field of cultural relics circulation, and make the structure of cultural relics market system more reasonable. This paper studies how to bring the cultural relics merchants in the antique market into the qualification management of cultural relic shops, and explores the system of regional franchise and commodity identification. We will improve the exit mechanism of cultural relics auction market, promote the survival of the fittest, and support Shanghai to support the formation of a number of cultural relics auction brand enterprises to grow steadily. We will explore inclusive and prudent supervision and support the innovation of business forms and business models of cultural relics auction enterprises.

——助推建设交易中心和促进融合发展。在浦东外高桥、徐汇滨江等地建设社会文物集散地，打造文物流通全链条一站式综合体。探索授予电子商务平台文物经营资质，重点培育在线展示、交易、定制等新业态。支持发展文物艺术品物流、仓储、保险等专业配套服务。创新文物进出境管理服务，简化文物临时进境延期复出境审批程序，试点文物进境登记管理制度。

——Boost the construction of trading center and promote integrated development. In Pudong Waigaoqiao, Xuhui riverside and other places to build social cultural relics distribution center, to create a cultural relics circulation chain one-stop complex. We will explore the granting of cultural relic management qualification for e-commerce platforms, focusing on the cultivation of new formats such as online display, transaction and customization. Support the development of cultural relics and artworks logistics, storage, insurance and other professional supporting services. We will innovate the management services for the entry and exit of cultural relics, simplify the examination and approval procedures for temporary entry extension and re exit of cultural relics, and pilot the entry registration management system for cultural relics.

由“先行先试”走向“先行示范”

From "try first" to "demonstration first"

问：对本次综合改革试点的目标，我们有何设想？

Q: what are our assumptions about the objectives of this comprehensive reform pilot project?

答：我们希望通过3年的努力，使上海民间文物收藏和文物市场发展实现重大跨越，由“先行先试”逐步走向“先行示范”。推动群众收藏更加理性，使收藏需求有序释放；推动企业经营更加规范，诚信意识和专业化水平明显提升，品牌领军企业稳步成长，违法失信企业逐步退出，市场主体的结构更加合理；推动市场环境更加清朗，市场信心大幅提振，市场规模稳步提升，市场活力显著增强，全方位树立起社会文物管理的“上海标杆”，为社会文物管理全国范围内的改革积累经验。（新华社上海11月10日电 记者施雨岑、孙丽萍）

A: we hope that through three years' efforts, Shanghai's folk cultural relics collection and cultural relics market development will achieve a significant leap forward, from "first try" to "first demonstration". Promote the collection of the masses more rational, make the collection demand orderly release; promote the enterprise management more standardized, improve the integrity awareness and professional level significantly, brand leading enterprises grow steadily, illegal and dishonest enterprises gradually withdraw, and the structure of market main body is more reasonable; promote the market environment to be clearer, the market confidence is greatly improved, the market scale is steadily improved, and the market vitality is remarkable We should strengthen and set up a "Shanghai benchmark" for the management of social cultural relics in an all-round way, so as to accumulate experience for the nationwide reform of social cultural relics management. (Xinhua news agency, Shanghai, November 10, by reporter Shi yucen and Sun Liping)