美术艺考“变脸”：续写科幻故事，描绘人工智能

报考中国画专业，请自作咏春七绝；报考工业设计专业，请运用当代科技帮助盲人出行；报考实验艺术专业，请以画笔续写科幻小说……一年一度的美术艺考正在全国各地陆续启幕。在不少专业考试中，频现令人意外的试题。

　　仅仅能把线条画得对、把造型画得像，如今已经不足以叩开美院的大门。与此同时，过往“文化课不好才去考艺术”的观念正在发生变化。有统计表明，最近一两年报考美术类专业的重点高中生源明显增加，远不局限于以往清一色的美术特长生。“今年的试题不再局限于对知识和专业技能的考查，增加了对学生社会责任意识、文化敏感度和思辨能力的考查。”中央美术学院副院长苏新平在解读2018年招生改革时直言。

　　只有一技之长的“绘画机器”将被美术艺考拒之门外

　　什么是盲人出行？ 盲人出行会产生什么问题？ 请运用当代科技设计一个方案来帮助盲人出行。每个考生拿到5张A4纸，要求给盲人出行提出解决方案。这样的考题，有人坦言：“别说学生，很多老师也答不好吧？”早在今年1月，中国美术学院新增的工业设计专业通过“三位一体”考试招收非艺术类学生40名。这是中国美术学院设计类专业第一次招收非艺术类考生。这些题目正是出自此次考试的复试。

　　从新近公布的中央美术学院2018本科艺考试题中看，几乎每个专业都出现了令人颇感意外的考题。比如，报考中国画专业，要求诗书画融会贯通，有着深厚的国学功底———考生不仅需要单考一门名为“书法创作”的科目，用繁体字书写七言绝句，并且需要临场创作这首绝句。“人工智能”等热门概念，被城市艺术设计专业纳入考题———在人类、科技元素、自然元素、共生等关键词中任选三个关键词，用图像的语言描绘一个你所理解的场景。只有一句话的科幻小说“世界上的最后一个人，突然听见了敲门声”，出现在实验艺术专业的考题中———请设想这篇“科幻小说”的场景、情景发生的原因和情节，及其后续发展，续写这个故事，并用一个或一组画面表现出这个故事。

　　国内美术艺考不按常理出牌的风向变化，始于一只“棒棒糖”。2016年初，中央美术学院破天荒地以一道“棒棒糖”考题给了考生们“温柔一刀”———不少专业的考题都围绕这根棒棒糖，比如在“设计基础”考题中，考生先被请吃糖，再以品出的味道进行设计。去年年初，令人大呼“奇葩”的美术艺考考题，来自美国民谣歌手鲍勃·迪伦的歌曲 《答案在风中飘》———考生需要绘制一幅能表现该歌曲意境的造型视觉画面。

　　“只有一技之长的绘画机器是我们美术教育需要警惕的。”中国艺术研究院美术研究所所长牛克诚指出，美院学生需要具备的一种能力———审美思考及探向精神深度的洞察力，要学会突破视觉能力，提高双眼的洞悉能力，通过认知分析视觉对象而洞穿世界的本质。

　　艺术学科越来越重视解决实际问题的能力

　　如今的美术艺考题，看似是脑洞越开越大，出题初衷却源自社会现实给专业需求带来的变化。一位美院老师透露：“借由设计提升的产品附加值正为越来越多的人所意识到。比如一些中小企业近年来在发展中遇到瓶颈，纷纷通过艺术设计革新视觉包装。这在无形之中增加了设计类专业的吸引力。”

　　对于选拔设计类学生，多所美术院校也提出了更高的要求，其中产品设计、工业设计等方向格外注重文理兼修、科艺贯通。中央美术学院设计学院院长宋协伟前不久在沪上举办的一次全国性美院教学研讨会上提到，今天设计师的终极目的已经发生改变，这致使在某些设计方面，大学教育远远落后于企业要求和社会发展，亟待通过招生选拔对人才遴选的定位有所转向。“如今，设计师的任务转向基于上下游语境的系统设计。他们不仅仅解决一般意义的物理功能。”他举例，苹果研发汽车，不是要和宝马抢汽车生意，未来汽车实现无人驾驶甚至有更多的高科技应用。技术核心变了，产品属性就变了。对这类汽车设计会更强调交互性强调共享，这都需要设计者具备科技素养和对社会更强的认知能力。

　　随着艺术展览业在国内的繁荣，专业策展人才显得尤为紧缺。去年中央美术学院在全国率先获批本科艺术管理专业，对接市场的一个重要方向就是策展人。作为一个典型的交叉学科，艺术管理专业涉猎艺术、商业、法律、公共管理、教育等多个领域。这样的学科又该怎样选拔人才？ 今年央美艺术管理专业的本科考题，即以一道“我是策展人”凸显着未来艺术管理者的专业特点。试卷列出中外美术史上最著名的30件作品，考生自己选择作品模拟策划组织展览，俨然临场扮演一位艺术管理者，担当组织展览的工作，并把自己对于艺术作品的鉴赏融入其中。对于这样别出心裁的考察方式，苏新平的解读是：“相对美术学而言，艺术管理专业更注重考查学生应用知识的能力和解决的问题的能力。”

来源：中国社会科学网

Art art "face": writing a science fiction story, depicting artificial intelligence

Apply for professional China painting, please be seven for industrial design specialty Yongchun;, please use modern technology to help blind people travel; apply the experimental art professional, please refer to the science fiction writing brush...... Once a year the art art is all over the country have curtain. In many professional examinations, frequent unexpected questions.

Only the lines painted on the other, like painting, now open the door to the Academy of fine arts. At the same time, the concept of "cultural class is not good to go to art" is changing. Statistics show that in the last one or two years, the key high school students who have been enrolled in the art major have increased significantly, far from being confined to the fine arts students of the past. "This year's questions are no longer confined to the examination of knowledge and professional skills, but also increase students' awareness of social responsibility, cultural sensitivity and speculative ability. Su Xinping, vice president of the China Central Academy of Fine Arts, spoke directly in the 2018 reform of enrolment.

Only the "drawing machine" proficiency in a particular line will be shut out of Art Art

What is the blind person traveling? What's the problem for the blind? Please use contemporary technology to design a program to help the blind travel. Each of the candidates to get 5 pieces of A4 paper, requirements for the blind travel solutions. Such a question, someone confessed: "do not say students, many teachers can not answer it?" As early as January this year, the new industrial design specialty of The China Academy of Art recruited 40 non art students through the "Trinity" examination. This is the first time to recruit non art examinees in the design specialty of The China Academy of Art. These questions are just a second test from the exam.

From the newly released 2018 China Central Academy of Fine Arts undergraduate arts test, almost every professional has a surprise test. For example, apply for professional Chinese requirements of painting, poetry and painting together, have deep knowledge -- not only need Ancient Chinese Literature Search candidates in a single test called "calligraphy" subjects, writing seven quatrains with traditional Chinese characters, and improvised this quatrains. "Ai" and other popular concepts are included in the test by urban art and design majors. Three key words are selected in human, technological elements, natural elements and symbiotic keywords, and image is used to describe a scene you understand. Only a word of science fiction "in the world the last one, suddenly heard a knock at the door", reason and plot -- imagine this "science fiction" scene, scenes appeared in the experimental art professional exam, and the subsequent development of writing this story, and with one or a set of pictures showing the story.

According to the domestic art art direction change plan, started with a "lollipop". At the beginning of 2016, China Central Academy of Fine Arts with a epoch-making "Lollipop" questions to the candidates of "soft knife" -- a lot of professional questions around this lollipop, as in the "design basis" exam candidates, please be with sugar, taste the taste of the design. At the beginning of last year, people shouted "wonderful" art arts exam, from American folk singer Bob Dylon's song "blowin 'in the wind, the candidates need to map the performance of the song can artistic visual picture.

"Only the painting machine is our proficiency in a particular line of art education need to be vigilant." Director of the Institute of Niu Kecheng art research Chinese Art Research Institute pointed out that art students need a kind of ability -- Aesthetic Thinking and exploration to the spiritual depth of insight, to learn how to break through visual ability, improve the ability to discern eyes, through the cognitive analysis of visual objects through the essence of the world.

The art discipline is paying more and more attention to the ability to solve practical problems

Today's art examination questions seem to be the bigger the hole in the brain, but the original intention is derived from the changes in the social reality to the professional needs. An American Academy teacher revealed, "the value added by the design of the product is being realized by more and more people. For example, some small and medium-sized enterprises in recent years have encountered bottlenecks in the development of art design innovation visual packaging. This adds to the attraction of the design specialty in the invisible. "

For the selection of design students, many art colleges also put forward higher requirements, including product design, industrial design, and especially focus on the direction of Arts and arts through. China Central Academy of Fine Arts Dean Song Xiewei mentioned recently in Shanghai held a National Academy of fine arts teaching seminar, today the ultimate purpose of the designer has changed, resulting in some aspects of this design, university education is far behind the requirements of enterprises and social development, to the selection of personnel selection by positioning the enrollment has turned to. "Today, the task of a designer turns to a system design based on the context of the upstream and downstream.  They do not only solve the physical functions of the general sense. For example, apple developed a car, not a car business with BMW, an unmanned vehicle in the future and even more hi-tech applications. The core of the technology has changed, and the property of the product has changed.  The design of this kind of automobile will emphasize the interactive emphasis on sharing, which requires the designer to have the knowledge of science and technology and the more cognitive ability of the society.

With the prosperity of art exhibition industry in China, professional curator is particularly scarce. Last year, China Central Academy of Fine Arts was the first to approve the undergraduate art management major in the country. One of the important directions to the market is the curator. As a typical cross discipline, art management specializes in many fields, such as art, commerce, law, public management, education and so on. How should such a subject select talent? This year, the undergraduate examination questions of the art management specialty of Central America, that is, a "I am curator" highlights the professional characteristics of future art managers. The test paper lists the 30 most famous works in the history of Chinese and foreign art. Candidates choose their own works to simulate and organize exhibitions. They act as an art manager on the spot to act as an exhibition organizer and integrate their appreciation of art works. For such an ingenious way of investigation, Su Xinping's interpretation is: "relative arts, art management majors pay more attention to examine students' ability to apply knowledge and solve problems."

Source: China Social Science Network