中芭复排“纽里耶夫版”芭蕾舞剧《堂·吉诃德》

新生代演员接棒：像一匹野牛冲出来

发布时间：2021-09-16 08:54 来源：中国文化报 编辑：马思伟

火热的西班牙风情、荒诞的喜剧风格、诙谐的故事情节、华美的服装布景……9月9日至12日，中央芭蕾舞团（简称“中芭”）年青一代的演员以充沛的情感、精湛的技巧，精彩诠释了以高难度著称的“纽里耶夫版”古典芭蕾经典《堂·吉诃德》，彰显出中芭诠释经典、传承不懈的实力与魅力。

芭蕾舞剧《堂·吉诃德》剧照

“纽里耶夫版”难度更上层楼

经典芭蕾舞剧《堂·吉诃德》取材自西班牙文豪塞万提斯的同名世界名著，由“古典芭蕾之父”马里乌斯·彼季帕编舞，首演于1869年，是古典芭蕾的扛鼎之作、世界各大芭蕾舞团保留剧目名单中不可或缺的经典。作品历来以高超的舞蹈难度、华丽的舞台场面和诙谐的喜剧氛围而著称，对于芭蕾演员而言更是一部堪称“试金石”的作品，在技术技巧与诠释人物双方面对演员进行着双重的考验。此次中芭排演的“纽里耶夫版”则在难度上更上层楼。

作为20世纪最伟大的芭蕾舞表演艺术家之一的编导鲁道夫·纽里耶夫，曾是前苏联基洛夫芭蕾舞团的优秀演员，上世纪60年代初加盟英国皇家芭蕾舞团，成为芭蕾巨星玛戈·芳婷女爵士的“永久舞伴”。1966年，由纽里耶夫改编的《堂·吉诃德》在维也纳国家歌剧院首演，并由他亲自饰演男主角巴西里奥。

“我的制作主要是一系列的舞蹈加上巨大的热情和喜剧精神。”正如纽里耶夫所言，在改编《堂·吉诃德》时，他在彼季帕的版本基础上推陈出新，将俄罗斯学派的热情与西方芭蕾的演技融合在一起，使演员的技巧水平得以充分发挥，特别是大大增加了剧中男演员的舞蹈技巧和表现力。而“纽里耶夫版”也被公认为20世纪最好的《堂·吉诃德》版本之一。

大师的严格让几代演员受益

1985年，纽里耶夫在“中国妈妈”戴爱莲的邀请下来到北京，无偿为中芭排演《堂·吉诃德》，自此该剧成为中芭的经典保留剧目之一。当年受过纽里耶夫亲自指点并在剧中扮演女主角吉特丽的中央芭蕾舞团团长冯英回忆：“36年前，纽里耶夫大师带着对中国人民的友好情谊，将他最喜爱的代表作《堂·吉诃德》，手把手地教授给了当时的中芭艺术家。在大师亲临排演的日子里，其鲜明的风格、独特的魅力、对艺术精益求精的态度，使我们这代演员受益匪浅。”

冯英记得，如果达不到他的要求，纽里耶夫绝不松口，千方百计也要纠正，哪怕跳上20遍都不够。一次排练时，因为效果不够理想，正在吃饭的纽里耶夫气得直接把手里的东西扔了过来。“但他对我们真的很友好，刚骂完我们，还是会请我们去新开的餐厅吃饭。”冯英回忆。

近3个月的相处，给冯英留下了极为深刻的印象。如今，在指导年轻演员排练时，她总会不由自主地想起纽里耶夫当年的指点。年轻的孩子们有时会调侃冯英太过严格，但她知道，自己的这份严格“比不上纽里耶夫半分”。“他对艺术极致般的追求，至今深深地影响着我们。”这部经典作品在中芭几代艺术家之间接力传承，本轮演出中，演员里已经有“95后”“00后”的身影，“比起当年的我们，现在的《堂·吉诃德》更焕发出一种青春的活力。”冯英说。

“每次演完一幕都要躺十几分钟”

“《堂·吉诃德》是许多芭蕾演员一生都想挑战的作品，它对男女主角的技术和艺术的要求非常高，风格极强，很难拿捏。”冯英介绍，“纽里耶夫版”融入了许多大师本人的特质，比如男演员两只脚上的表达非常细腻，表演时也要带上恰到好处的喜剧色彩。

“我们每次演完一幕，就需要躺下十几分钟。我们只有完全把自己释放出去，才会有激情在里面，收着会很不舒服。”在本轮演出中，饰演女主角吉特丽的中芭主要演员邱芸庭说。

中芭首席主演、剧中饰演男主角巴西里奥的马晓东补充：“这个版本不仅对演员的体力和技术有要求，还要懂音乐、会演戏，甚至对思想要求也很高。”

“她就像一匹野牛冲出来，你能立刻感受到西班牙女郎的热情奔放。”6年前，邱芸庭就演过《堂·吉诃德》，冯英评价，“年轻的时候就是技术好，但还没有演得淋漓尽致，现在演绎上成熟了很多。”在抖音上，她发过两人排练的小视频，一段有点调情的小戏，大家评论都说他们很轻松、很自如。

“我们能演这样戏的演员越来越多”

舞剧虽然以“堂·吉诃德”命名，但故事更多是以他的离奇冒险穿针引线，讲述了一对青年男女一波三折的爱情。大幕拉开，浓郁的西班牙风情便扑面而来，街头各色人等生动鲜活，西班牙女郎的风情万种、小伙的潇洒帅气以及吉普赛人浓烈的民族风格各具特色，演员们一个个精彩的旋转、跳跃、托举令人眼花缭乱，也一次次引来观众的掌声与赞叹。而当进入梦境的场景，一个个身穿TUTU裙的森林仙子又满足了人们对芭蕾唯美浪漫的期待与想象，令人赏心悦目。

结尾巅峰炫技的婚礼上，大双人舞将整场演出的气氛推向高潮，在经过整晚超高强度的舞蹈之后，男女主角依旧以超强的速度、力量与美感高质量地完成了这段著名的舞段，现场“Bravo”的欢呼声此起彼伏，每一位在场的人都被这热烈的气氛所感染。

看着当年由纽里耶夫亲授的戏再次成功上演，冯英充满感慨：“这一批年轻演员的整体水平和演出能力比我们更好。”更让她高兴的是，此次《堂·吉诃德》上演4场，由4组不同的演员轮番上场，“这么一部充满挑战的作品，我们中芭已经能有4组演员可以胜任演出，芭蕾舞的人才储备越来越充足了！”（刘淼）

"Nuriyev version" ballet "Don Quixote"

New generation actors take over: rush out like a bison

Release time: 2021-09-16 08:54 source: China culture daily editor: Ma Siwei

From September 9 to 12, the young generation of actors of the Central Ballet (hereinafter referred to as "Zhongba") brilliantly interpreted the "nuriyev version" classical ballet classic "Don Quixote", which is known for its high difficulty, with abundant emotion and exquisite skills Inherit unremitting strength and charm.

Stills of the ballet Don Quixote

"Nuriyev version" is more difficult

The classic ballet Don Quixote is based on the world famous work of the same name by Spanish literary giant Cervantes. It is choreographed by "father of classical ballet" Marius pidipa and premiered in 1869. It is the masterpiece of classical ballet and an indispensable classic in the repertoire list reserved by major ballet companies in the world. The work has always been famous for its superb dance difficulty, gorgeous stage scenes and witty comedy atmosphere. For ballet actors, it is a work called "touchstone". It is a double test for actors in terms of technical skills and interpretation of characters. The "nuriyev version" of Zhongba rehearsal is higher in difficulty.

As one of the greatest ballet performing artists in the 20th century, director Rudolph nuriyev was once an excellent actor of the Kirov Ballet of the former Soviet Union. He joined the Royal Ballet in the early 1960s and became the "permanent dance partner" of the ballet superstar Sir Margo fangting. In 1966, Don Quixote, adapted by nuriyev, premiered at the Vienna National Opera House, and he personally played the hero Basilio.

"My production is mainly a series of dances with great enthusiasm and comic spirit." as nuriyev said, in the adaptation of Don Quixote, he pushed through the old and brought forth the new based on the version of bidipa, integrated the enthusiasm of the Russian school with the acting skills of Western Ballet, so as to give full play to the skill level of the actors, In particular, it greatly increases the dance skills and expressiveness of the actors in the play. The "nuriyev version" is also recognized as one of the best versions of Don Quixote in the 20th century.

The master's strictness has benefited generations of actors

In 1985, nuriev came to Beijing at the invitation of "Chinese mother" Dai Ailian to rehearse Don Quixote for Zhongba free of charge. Since then, the play has become one of Zhongba's classic reserved plays. Feng Ying, head of the Central Ballet, who was personally instructed by nuriyev and played the heroine gitelli in the play, recalled: "36 years ago, master nuriyev brought his favorite masterpiece Don Quixote with his friendly feelings for the Chinese people , he taught it hand in hand to the Zhongba artists at that time. In the days when the master came to rehearse in person, his distinctive style, unique charm and attitude towards art excellence benefited our generation of actors a lot. "

Feng Ying remembers that if he can't meet his requirements, nuriyev will never let go and try his best to correct it. Even jumping 20 times is not enough. During a rehearsal, because the effect was not ideal, nuriyev, who was eating, was so angry that he threw the things in his hand directly. "But he was really friendly to us. Just after scolding us, he would still invite us to a new restaurant," Feng Ying recalled.

Feng Ying has been deeply impressed by her relationship for nearly three months. Now, when guiding the rehearsal of young actors, she can't help thinking of nuriyev's instructions. Young children sometimes tease Feng Ying for being too strict, but she knows that her strictness is "not half as strict as nuriyev". "His pursuit of artistic perfection has deeply influenced us so far." this classic work has been passed on among generations of artists in China and Pakistan. In this round of performance, there are already "post-95" and "Post-00" among the actors. "Compared with us in those years, Don Quixote now radiates a kind of youthful vitality." Feng Ying said.

"Lie down for more than ten minutes after each act"

"Don Quixote is a work that many ballet actors want to challenge all their life. It has very high requirements for the technology and art of the male and female protagonists, and its style is very strong, which is difficult to grasp." Feng Ying introduced that the "nuriyev version" integrates the characteristics of many masters. For example, the expression on the two feet of the male actor is very delicate, and the performance should also be brought with an appropriate comic color.

"Every time we finish a scene, we need to lie down for more than ten minutes. Only when we completely release ourselves can we have passion in it. It will be very uncomfortable to keep it." in this round of performance, Qiu Yunting, the main actor of Zhongba, who plays the heroine gitli, said.

Ma Xiaodong, the chief star of Zhongba and the hero of brasiliao in the play, added: "this version not only requires the physical strength and technology of the actors, but also understands music, can act, and even has high requirements for thought."

"She tiktok out like a wild ox, you can feel the passion of the Spanish girl at once." Qiu Yun Tun has been playing Don JiZuoDe 6 years ago. Feng Ying has evaluated that "when young, it was a good technique, but it was not yet most incisive. Now it is a lot of mature interpretative." she has sent two rehearsal videos on the shaking, a little flirting drama. Everyone commented that they were very relaxed and comfortable.

"We have more and more actors who can play such plays."

Although the dance drama is named after "Don Quixote", the story is more about the twists and turns of love between a young man and woman with his bizarre adventure. When the curtain opened, the rich Spanish customs came, and all kinds of people on the streets were vivid. The Spanish girls had all kinds of manners, the handsome boys and the strong national style of gypsies had their own characteristics. The actors' wonderful rotation, jumping and lifting were dazzling, and also attracted applause and praise from the audience again and again. When entering the dream scene, the forest fairies wearing Tutu skirts meet people's expectations and imagination of ballet aestheticism and romance, which is pleasing to the eyes.

At the end of the high-tech wedding, the big duet pushed the atmosphere of the whole performance to a climax. After the ultra-high-intensity dance all night, the male and female protagonists still completed this famous dance with super speed, strength and beauty. The cheers of "Bravo" came and went, and everyone present was infected by this warm atmosphere.

Looking at the successful performance of the play taught by nuriyev, Feng Ying was full of emotion: "the overall level and performance ability of this group of young actors are better than ours." what makes her more happy is that there are four performances of Don Quixote, with four groups of actors taking turns, "For such a challenging work, there are already four groups of actors in Zhongba who can perform, and the talent reserve of ballet is becoming more and more sufficient!" (Liu Miao)