父子四进士兄弟两宰相

北宋最成功的家长陈省华

Father son four Jinshi brothers two prime ministers

陈省华，字善则，北宋阆州阆中人。早年随祖父陈族至四川阆中。为蜀西水县尉，后为宋陇城主簿，再迁栎阳令。任栎阳令期间，郑伯渠为邻县强占，陈省华设法使水利均沾。官至左谏议大夫。卒赠太子少师、秦国公。妻冯氏，封燕国夫人。

Chen Shenghua was born in Langzhong, Langzhou, Northern Song Dynasty. In his early years, he went to Langzhong, Sichuan with his grandfather Chen. He was a county magistrate in the west of Sichuan Province, and later the chief of Longcheng in Song Dynasty. During the period of Ren liyang's order, Zheng Boqu was occupied by neighboring counties, and Chen Shenghua tried to equalize water conservancy. The official went to the left to advise the doctor. He gave it to the prince Shaoshi and the Duke of Qin. His wife, Feng, was the wife of the state of Yan.

陈省华三个儿子，陈尧叟、陈尧佐、陈尧咨，分别高中宋太宗端拱二年（989年）己丑科和宋真宗咸平三年（1000年）庚子科的状元。后来，尧叟、尧佐出任过宋真宗和宋仁宗时期的同中书门下平章事，官至宰相，尧咨则被任命为节度使，相当于将帅。

Chen Shenghua's three sons, Chen yaosou, Chen yaozuo, and Chen Yaozi, were the number one students of Jichou section in the second year of Duangong (989) and gengzi section in the third year of Xianping (1000). Later, yaosou and yaozuo served as the officials of the tongzhongshumen in the period of song Zhenzong and song Renzong. They were appointed as the prime minister, and Yaozi was appointed as the Jiedushi, which was equivalent to the general.

不论是治理一方还是入主中枢，身份的改变，并没有改变陈省华、冯氏教子严而有方的习性。正是在这样的家庭中，三个儿子都堪称大器。连司马光都称赞说：“三子接踵为将相，子孙繁衍，多以才能致美官，棋布中外，故当世称衣冠之盛者推陈氏。”我从一些细节中摘录出几个故事，可以体会陈省华的家教方式。

The change of status did not change Chen Shenghua's and Feng's strict and well-organized teaching habits. It is in such a family that all three sons are great. Even Sima Guang praised and said: "the three sons became generals one after another, and their descendants multiplied. Most of them were able to serve as beautiful officials, and spread all over the world. Therefore, the Chen family was known as the most prosperous one in the world." I have extracted a few stories from some details to experience Chen's way of tutoring.

一、以子知父、父子具荣

1、 Knowing the father by his son

宋太宗端拱二年（989年），状元陈尧叟受到太宗的召见。赵光义见陈尧叟气宇轩昂，举止得体，回答问题辞意通畅简要，当时龙颜大悦，问左右：“这是谁的儿子？”宰相吕蒙正回答说：“他是娄烦县令陈省华的儿子。”

In the second year of Duangong, Emperor Taizong of Song Dynasty (989), Chen yaosou, the number one scholar, was summoned by Emperor Taizong. When Zhao Guangyi saw that Chen yaosou was dignified and well behaved, he answered the questions smoothly and concisely. At that time, Long Yan was very happy and asked, "whose son is this?" Prime Minister Lu MENGZHENG replied, "he is the son of Loufan County Magistrate Chen Shenghua."

宋太宗赶忙下令陈省华进京陛见，一经交谈，立刻擢升陈省华为太子中允（太子属官，属詹事府，掌侍从礼仪、驳正启奏等，官阶为五品）。次年，宋太宗又在同一天擢升陈省华、陈尧叟父子任秘书丞（古代掌文籍等事之官），并赐给两人绯袍（宋制，五品以上三品以下官员着绯色官服）以示恩宠。父子同日升任同样的官职、受同样的赏赐，实属旷代殊荣，当时就传为佳话。

Emperor Taizong of the Song Dynasty ordered Chen Shenghua to come to Beijing to see him. As soon as he talked with him, he was promoted to crown prince zhongyun of Chen Shenghua. The following year, Emperor Taizong of Song Dynasty promoted Chen Shenghua and his son Chen yaosou to be Secretary Cheng on the same day (the ancient official in charge of literature and other affairs), and gave them Fei robes (made in Song Dynasty, officials of five grades and three grades wore Fei robes) to show their favor. It was a great honor for father and son to be promoted to the same official position and receive the same reward on the same day, and it was a good story at that time.

二、朴素家风

2、 Simple family style

陈省华平步青云，他的三个儿子也先后进入官场。父子四人同升显位，陈氏家族一时间成为当地豪门之一，“方其家盛时，子孙仕宦满朝，至监司郡守者数十人，治甲第京师，车马衣服声伎之奉，时无比者。”和当年定居济源时相比，如今的陈家已经不是济水旁的县令之家了，但在陈省华和冯夫人的管理下，陈家依然保持了严格的家教和朴素勤劳的家庭氛围。

Chen Shenghua's three sons have also entered the officialdom. The father and son were promoted to the throne together, and the Chen family became one of the local rich families for a time. "In the prime of Fangqi's family, the descendants were full of officials, and there were dozens of supervisors and prefectures. They ruled the capital of the first place, and served as chariots, horses, clothes, and acrobats Compared with the time when they settled in Jiyuan, today's Chen family is no longer the county magistrate's home beside Jishui, but under the management of Chen Shenghua and Mrs. Feng, the Chen family still maintains a strict family education and a simple and hardworking family atmosphere.

三、三子侍列

3、 Sanzi Shili

宋真宗主政时，尧叟任枢密使，尧佐直史馆，尧咨知制诰，都是朝廷重臣，皇帝身边的红人。然而，每当宾客造访，三兄弟必会侍立父亲身后，一个个端茶倒水，毕恭毕敬，害得那些来访的客人如坐针毡，浑身不自在，只好找这样那样的理由告辞。这时，陈省华常常哈哈一笑说：“大人们谈正事，小字辈一旁侍候，这是人之常情啊。”

During the reign of emperor Zhenzong of the Song Dynasty, yaosou was appointed as a secret envoy, yaozuozhi was appointed as a historian, and yaozhizhizhigao was appointed as an official of the imperial court. However, every time the guests visit, the three brothers will stand behind their father and serve tea and water one by one. They are very respectful, which makes the visitors feel uneasy and uncomfortable. They have to take leave for one reason or another. At this time, Chen Shenghua often laughs and says, "it's human nature for adults to talk about business and for the younger generation to wait on one side."

四、还值取马

4、 It's worth the horse

陈省华家里有一匹劣马，性情暴躁，不能驾驭，踢伤咬伤了很多人。一天，他走进马棚，没看到这匹马，于是责问仆人：“那匹马怎么不见了？”仆人说是时任翰林学士的陈尧咨把马卖给商人了。陈谏议马上召来儿子，说：“你是朝中重臣，我们家的人都不能制服这匹马，商人又怎么能养它呢？你这是把祸害转嫁给别人啊！”陈省华赶紧命人去追商人牵回马，并把买马的钱退给商人。他告诫仆人把那匹马养到老死。因此当时的人们称赞陈谏议有一种古代贤仁之风。

There is a bad horse in Chen Shenghua's family. It's irascible and can't be controlled. It kicks and bites a lot of people. One day, he went into the stable and didn't see the horse, so he asked the servant, "why is that horse missing?" The servant said that Chen Yaozi, who was then the Hanlin scholar, sold the horse to the merchant. Chen Jianyi immediately summoned his son and said, "you are an important official in the court. No one in our family can subdue this horse. How can the merchant support it? You are transferring the evil to others Chen Shenghua quickly ordered people to chase the merchant and bring back the horse, and gave the money back to the merchant. He admonished his servant to keep the horse until he died. Therefore, people at that time praised Chen Jianyi as a kind of ancient benevolence.

五、山妻下厨

5、 My wife cooks

陈省华的妻子冯老夫人也是以节俭为本，不许诸子奢侈浪费，一大家子开伙做饭，常常是冯老夫人亲自领着媳妇下厨。陈尧叟的妻子是当时尚书马亮的女儿，不太喜欢围着灶台转，就给丈夫说：“你是宰相，我是宰相夫人，还要天天下厨房。给父亲说说，免了我下厨房吧。”陈尧叟摇摇头说：“我爹要求严，我不敢。”他妻子便回娘家哭诉。一天上朝的时候，尚书马亮在路上遇到陈省华，就趁机求情，说女儿“素不习，乞免其责”。陈省华淡然说：“未尝使之执庖，自是随山妻下厨耳。”马尚亮一听是冯老夫人亲自下厨，肃然起敬地说：“小女就烦你多多指教吧！”

Mrs. Feng, Chen's wife, is also thrifty and does not allow extravagance and waste. She often leads her daughter-in-law to cook in person. Chen yaosou's wife, Ma Liang's daughter, was not very fond of turning around the kitchen. She said to her husband, "you are the prime minister, I am the prime minister's wife, and I have to go to the kitchen every day. Tell my father that you can spare me the kitchen Chen yaosou shook his head and said, "my father is strict, I dare not." His wife went back to her mother's house to cry. One day when going to court, Ma Liang, the Secretary of state, met Chen Shenghua on the road. He took the opportunity to intercede, saying that his daughter was "unaccustomed, begging to be excused.". Chen Shenghua said calmly, "I have never made him take charge of cooking. I have followed my wife to cook." Ma Shangliang heard that it was Mrs. Feng who cooked the food in person. He said with reverence, "I'll trouble you to give me more advice."

六、冯母责儿

6、 Feng mu Shouer

小儿子尧咨虽是一介书生，却喜欢使枪弄棒，尤其擅长射箭，他曾以铜钱作靶子，一箭就贯穿其中，人称“小由基”（战国时楚人养由基，射箭百发百中），《卖油翁》，说的就是陈尧咨的故事。宋真宗景德年间，陈尧咨任荆南节度使（今湖北江陵、公安一带），任满归家，母亲问他在地方上为老百姓都做了哪些政绩。陈尧咨说，荆南要冲之地，来访的官员多，宴集频繁，我经常在宴会上表演百步穿杨的技艺，客人莫不叹服。母亲听后不但没表扬他，反而大声责骂，你父亲教育你忠孝辅国，如今你身为朝廷大臣，不以施仁政为己任，竟以炫耀雕虫小技为乐，怎么对得起你父亲呕心沥血的教导呢？说完，举起棍棒就朝尧咨打去，把皇帝赏赐给他的“金鱼袋”都给打碎了。

Yao Zi, his youngest son, is a scholar, but he likes to use guns and sticks. He is especially good at archery. He once used copper coins as a target, and an arrow ran through it. He was called "Xiao Youji" (the Chu people raised Youji in the Warring States period, and shot a hundred arrows). The story of "oil seller" is about Chen Yaozi. During the Jingde reign of emperor Zhenzong of Song Dynasty, Chen Yao was appointed as the governor of Jingnan (now Jiangling and Gongan in Hubei Province). When he returned home, his mother asked him what achievements he had made for the local people. Chen Yaozi said that there are many visiting officials and frequent banquets in Jingnan. I often perform at banquets the skill of walking through the willows with every step, and the guests are all impressed. After hearing this, my mother not only did not praise him, but scolded him. Your father taught you to be loyal and filial to assist the country. Now, as a minister of the imperial court, you don't take benevolent government as your duty, but are happy to show off your little skills. How can you live up to your father's painstaking teaching? With that, he raised his stick and beat Yao Zi, breaking the "goldfish bag" that the Emperor gave him.

陈省华家一门四进士、三状元（女婿傅尧俞是状元）。可称史上的一个奇迹，从父亲陈省华，儿子陈尧叟、陈尧佐、陈尧咨都有很多阴德。后代也显达昌盛，至今其后代据称已达百万。天道无亲常与善人！陈省华一家严于律己、心怀仁恕的家风，正是上天所推崇的；从这个意义上看，子孙的昌盛也是必然的。

Chen Shenghua family has four scholars and three number one scholars (Fu yaoyu, his son-in-law, is the number one scholar). It can be called a miracle in history. From his father Chen Shenghua to his sons Chen yaosou, Chen yaozuo and Chen Yaozi, they all have many virtues. Their descendants have also flourished, and so far their descendants are said to have reached one million. Heaven has no relatives, often with good people! Chen Shenghua's family style of strict self-discipline and benevolence is highly praised by heaven; In this sense, the prosperity of future generations is inevitable.

在封建社会中，家风孝悌仁恕的世家望族中，英才辈出，绵延千百年，如陈省华一家的例子还有很多。时代虽进步，但优秀的道德传承却有走弱的迹象，这也是本博重话往事的立意所在。

In feudal society, there were many talented people in the family of filial piety, benevolence and forgiveness, which lasted for thousands of years. Despite the progress of the times, the excellent moral inheritance shows signs of weakening, which is also the intention of this blog to talk about the past.