在校生体质健康状况发展趋势如何？体育教育资源分布不均咋解决？

What is the development trend of students' physical health? How to solve the uneven distribution of physical education resources?

近日，一份针对115余万在校学生体质健康的调查数据监测显示，全国学生体质健康“不及格率”基本呈下降趋势，但视力、肥胖相关数据却在不断上升。

Recently, a survey on the physical health of more than 1.15 million students shows that the "failure rate" of students' physical health in China is basically on the decline, but the data related to eyesight and obesity are on the rise.

另外，在经济发达地区一些学校正在追求体育教学的多元化和精细化的同时，一些经济欠发达地区则在努力填补体育老师的师资力量短缺和分配不平衡问题。

In addition, while some schools in economically developed areas are pursuing the diversification and refinement of physical education teaching, some economically underdeveloped areas are trying to fill the shortage and imbalance of physical education teachers.

从2016年到2020年，我国在校生体质健康状况发展趋势究竟如何？体育教育仍存在资源分布不均衡问题未来如何解决？

From 2016 to 2020, what is the development trend of physical health of Chinese students? How to solve the problem of unbalanced distribution of resources in Physical Education in the future?

《新闻1+1》连线教育部体育卫生与艺术教育司司长王登峰，关注青少年体质健康。

News 1 + 1 connects with Wang Dengfeng, director of the Department of sports, health and art education of the Ministry of education, and pays attention to the physical health of teenagers.

截至2020年，全国学生体质健康不及格率，小学生6.5%，初中生14.5%，高中生11.8%，而大学生为30%，为何会有这种变化？

By 2020, the National Students' failing rate of physical health is 6.5% for primary school students, 14.5% for junior high school students, 11.8% for senior high school students and 30% for college students. Why is there such a change?

教育部体育卫生与艺术教育司司长 王登峰：

Wang Dengfeng, director of the Department of sports, health and art education of the Ministry of Education:

小学生的体质健康水平最高，大学相比高中、初中甚至小学都有明显下滑。这与学制或教育政策相关，小学生没有任何升学压力，小升初都是就近就便入学，不再举行入学考试和升级考试，所以在小学里推进素质教育，学生全面发展，课程安排没有那么紧张，课余作业各方面压力都比较小，所以小学生能有更充分的时间进行体育锻炼和其他活动。而初中到高中，学习压力在进一步提升。另外可能很多人并没有形成良好健康的生活方式，锻炼习惯也没有养成，所以课业负担加重，再加上升学压力，他们的体质健康水平就会出现明显下滑。

The physical health level of primary school students is the highest. Compared with high school, junior high school and even primary school, the physical health level of university students has a significant decline. This is related to the length of schooling or education policy. Primary school students do not have any pressure to go to school. They enter school nearby at the beginning of primary school, and there is no need to hold entrance examination and upgrade examination. Therefore, quality education is promoted in primary schools, students develop in an all-round way, curriculum arrangement is not so tense, and the pressure on homework is relatively small, So primary school students can have more time for physical exercise and other activities. From junior high school to senior high school, the learning pressure is further increasing. In addition, many people may not have formed a good and healthy lifestyle and exercise habits, so the burden of schoolwork is heavier, coupled with the pressure of entering a higher school, their physical health level will decline significantly.

大学生体质健康水平最差，是因为“懒得动”？

College Students' physical health is the worst because they are lazy to move?

教育部体育卫生与艺术教育司司长 王登峰：

Wang Dengfeng, director of the Department of sports, health and art education of the Ministry of Education:

在人们的期望中，大学生没有了更高的升学压力，应该有更多的时间进行体育锻炼，或参加各种活动，提升综合素质。可实际情况是，一方面，大学体育课只有一二年级有，而且没有非常明确的目标要求；另一方面，由于大学里学生的生活兴趣更加丰富多彩，很多人会更多地受到学业或其他事情的吸引，而体育锻炼、体育竞赛活动参与非常少。这可能是到了大学之后，反而体质健康水平进一步下滑的原因。

In people's expectation, college students should have more time for physical exercise or participate in various activities to improve their comprehensive quality. But the actual situation is, on the one hand, only freshmen and sophomores have college physical education, and there is no very clear goal; On the other hand, because the life interest of college students is more colorful, many people will be more attracted by their studies or other things, and the participation in physical exercise and sports competition is very little. This may be the reason for the further decline in the level of physical health after the University.

教育部要求“中小学校每天统一安排30分钟大课间体育活动”，如何实现？

The Ministry of education requires "primary and secondary schools to arrange 30 minutes of large recess sports activities every day". How to achieve this?

教育部体育卫生与艺术教育司司长 王登峰：

Wang Dengfeng, director of the Department of sports, health and art education of the Ministry of Education:

我们要把原来已有的政策变成管理项目，要求各地各校真正抓好落实。我国校园体育教育一个很现实的问题是，师资和场地设施不平衡不均衡，现在首先要求要把课上好，同时要充分保障活动时间。这样，尽管在老师并不那么专业的情况下，学校也可以因地制宜去组织一些相关体育项目进行教学，我们也鼓励因地制宜地把当地传统体育项目引入到学校体育课堂中。主要是要确保孩子能够学会一到两项的专项运动技能，同时能够保障他们的体育课和体育锻炼时间。这是硬指标，我们希望各地各校加强督导，而且要把落实情况作为学校、校长和当地教育行政部门考核的重要指标。

We should turn the existing policies into management projects, and require all schools to really implement them. A very practical problem of Campus Physical Education in our country is that the teachers and facilities are not balanced. Now, the first requirement is to have a good class and fully guarantee the activity time. In this way, although the teachers are not so professional, the school can also organize some related sports to teach according to local conditions. We also encourage local traditional sports to be introduced into the school physical education classroom according to local conditions. The main thing is to ensure that children can learn one or two special sports skills, while ensuring their physical education and physical exercise time. This is a hard target. We hope that schools around the country will strengthen supervision and take the implementation as an important indicator for the assessment of schools, principals and local education administrative departments.

如何解决体育教师缺口问题？尤其是在经济欠发达地区该如何解决？

How to solve the shortage of PE teachers? Especially in economically underdeveloped areas, how to solve this problem?

教育部体育卫生与艺术教育司司长 王登峰：

Wang Dengfeng, director of the Department of sports, health and art education of the Ministry of Education:

①国家和教育部鼓励各地制定学校体育教师强化的三年行动计划，力争在“十四五”期间能够基本满足学校体育教学的需求，这是一个硬性要求。②现在各地也在因地制宜，推出了很多相应解决办法，包括有的地方政府专门拿出事业编制，由政府来购买服务，去聘请体育老师，再分到各个学校。③国家的支教计划也在不断推进，同时也鼓励社会各界有志于做学生体育方面指导的人，能够参与到工作中来。我们要多管齐下，确保学校的体育课和学生的体育锻炼能够按时如期进行。

① The state and the Ministry of education encourage all localities to formulate three-year action plans to strengthen school physical education teachers, and strive to basically meet the needs of school physical education teaching during the "fourteenth five year plan", which is a rigid requirement. ② At present, various localities are also adjusting measures to local conditions and have put forward a lot of corresponding solutions. Some local governments have specially set up business establishment, and the government will purchase services, hire physical education teachers, and then assign them to various schools. ③ At the same time, people from all walks of life are encouraged to participate in the work. We should take a multi pronged approach to ensure that the school physical education and students' physical exercise can be carried out on time.

教育部要求中小学要有“健康副校长”，是强调专业？还是专项？

Does the Ministry of education require that primary and secondary schools should have "health Vice Principals"? Or special?

教育部体育卫生与艺术教育司司长 王登峰：

Wang Dengfeng, director of the Department of sports, health and art education of the Ministry of Education:

健康副校长既强调专业性，也强调专项性。健康副校长不一定是学校的副校长，而是由学校聘任包括卫健部门、医生、安全等等方面的专门人士，让他们兼职健康副校长，来指导学校开展好健康教育、卫生管理，包括校园的体育活动。

Vice president of health emphasizes not only professionalism but also specialty. The vice president of health is not necessarily the vice president of the school. Instead, the school employs professionals including health department, doctors, safety and so on to be part-time vice president of health to guide the school to carry out health education, health management, including campus sports activities.

全国学生体质健康监测数据，如何指导政策不断改善？

How to guide the continuous improvement of the policy?

教育部体育卫生与艺术教育司司长 王登峰：

Wang Dengfeng, director of the Department of sports, health and art education of the Ministry of Education:

无论是国家层面，还是教育部、国家卫健委，都相应出台了一些规范或者约束性文件，也指导各地制定确保学生体质健康的文件和指标。这个数据其实是为了服务于我们，一方面是监测，我们的目标到底还有多远？每年的变化是什么？从这些数据来看，近几年学生体质健康情况确实是在好转，但肥胖的问题、近视的问题依然非常严峻，需要我们持续用力，久久为功。从中小学来讲，最突出的主要是：①要真正加大体育课和体育锻炼的时间和力度；②一定要把学生不合理的课业负担降下来；③政策扶持、政策保障，督导也必不可少。

No matter at the national level, or the Ministry of education and the National Health Commission, they have issued some normative or binding documents to guide local governments to formulate documents and indicators to ensure students' physical health. This data is actually for our service. On the one hand, it is for monitoring. How far is our goal? What is the annual change? From these data, in recent years, the physical health of students is indeed improving, but the problem of obesity and myopia is still very serious, we need to continue to work hard for a long time. From the perspective of primary and secondary schools, the most prominent points are: 1. To really increase the time and intensity of physical education and physical exercise; ② We must reduce the students' unreasonable schoolwork burden; ③ Policy support, policy guarantee, supervision is also essential.

加强体育锻炼，对提高学生心理健康水平同等重要

Strengthening physical exercise is equally important to improve students' mental health

教育部体育卫生与艺术教育司司长 王登峰：

Wang Dengfeng, director of the Department of sports, health and art education of the Ministry of Education:

心理健康问题跟体质健康的影响因素有很大相似性，如果一个人久坐不动，而且课业负担过重，又没有充分的体育锻炼时间，他不仅身体会出问题，精神上也会出问题。所以，我们说“一增一减”，增加体育课和体育锻炼时间，增强学生艺术实践活动和劳动教育，其实对于提高学生的心理健康水平，也同等重要。

There is a great similarity between mental health and physical health. If a person is sedentary, overloaded with schoolwork and does not have enough time for physical exercise, he will not only have physical problems, but also mental problems. Therefore, when we say "one increase and one decrease", it is equally important to increase the time of physical education and physical exercise, enhance students' art practice activities and labor education for improving students' mental health.