如果不想把精力和财力都浪费在去全国各地的路上就能看到中国各时期的石刻雕像，北京高碑店的民俗文化园就是个不错的去处。

If you don't want to waste your energy and financial resources on the way to all parts of the country, you can see the stone sculptures of various periods in China. The folk culture park in Gaobeidian, Beijing, is a good place to go.

高碑店民俗文化园在东辰民族艺术大厦对面，占地有两公倾的园区建起了十几栋商铺租给了来自全国各地的商家，这里也就成了全国各地石刻的集散地，他们带来了我国各时期的石刻雕像，或有庙堂里的佛龛灯座，或有龙盘玉柱，或是唐代石马，或有汉晋碑文。这些石刻记录了当时的政治制度和民俗风情，讲述着各时期的兴衰故事，有人面龙身的美女神话，也有百姓生活中的石磨臼杵。这些石刻的真正价值就是从他们身上承载着的那个时代的文化。

Gaobeidian folk culture park is opposite to Dongchen national art building. It covers an area of two square meters. It has built more than ten shops and rented them to merchants from all over the country. It has become a distribution center of stone carvings in all parts of the country. They have brought stone carvings of different periods in our country, such as Buddhist niches and Lampholders in temples, dragon plates and jade pillars, stone horses in the Tang Dynasty, and inscriptions in the Han and Jin Dynasties. These stone carvings record when The political system and folk customs of the times tell the rise and fall stories of various periods, including the myth of beauty with human face and dragon body, and the stone mill, mortar and pestle in people's life. The real value of these stone carvings is the culture of that era carried by them.

(董其昌《仙坛记》碑文首部图片遗失)

(the first picture of the inscription in the story of the altar of immortals by Dong Qichang is missing)

在一家石刻店里，中国生态房网记者意外发现-块高40多公分，长130公分左右的董其昌落款，从右往左竖写的碑文，书写流畅，刻工精细，碑文完整，落款清晰。在展厅的角落里，光线有些发暗，虽然很多字都认不太清,题目《仙坛记》,和前两行麻姑自言接待以来”八个字清楚可辨，回来对照颜真卿所写的《麻姑仙坛记》发现董其昌所写的仙坛记不仅字体与颜鲁公的大异，就连内容也比唐代颜真卿的精练许多。颜真卿所写碑文相关一-段是如下内容:

In a stone carving shop, a reporter from China ecohouse.com unexpectedly found that Dong Qichang's inscription, which is more than 40 cm high and about 130 cm long, was written vertically from right to left. The inscription is smooth, exquisite, complete and clear. In the corner of the exhibition hall, the light is a little dim. Although many words can't be recognized clearly, the title of "records of the altar of immortals" is clearly distinguishable from the eight words "since Magu's reception" in the first two lines. Comparing with "records of the altar of immortals" written by Yan Zhenqing, we find that Dong Qichang's records of the altar of immortals are not only quite different from Yan Lugong's, but also much more concise than Yan Zhenqing's in Tang Dynasty. The related paragraphs of Yan Zhenqing's inscription are as follows:

麻姑自言接待以来，见东海三为桑田，向闻蓬莱水浅，于往者会时，略半也，岂将复还为陆陵乎?方平笑日:圣人皆言海中行，复扬尘也。麻姑欲见蔡，经母及妇，经弟妇新产数十日。

Since the reception, Magu said that she saw three mulberry fields in the East China Sea and heard that Penglai was shallow. When she went to the meeting, she would return to Luling. Fang pingxiaori: All Saints said that they would travel in the sea and raise dust again. Magu wants to see Cai, her mother and wife, and her sister-in-law. She gives birth for dozens of days.

麻姑望见已知日:噫，且止勿前，即求少许米。便以掷之坠地，即成丹砂。方平笑日:姑故季少吾了不喜，复作此曹狡猾变化也。麻姑手似鸟爪蔡经心中念言，背蛘时得此爪以杷背乃佳也。方平已知经心中念言，即使人牵经鞭之日:麻姑者神人，汝何忽谓其爪可以杷背邪?”

When Magu saw the known day, she asked for a little rice. Then it was thrown to the ground and turned into cinnabar. Fang Ping laughs at the sun: Gu Gu's past Ji Shaowu is not happy, and Cao's cunning change is also very obvious. Magu's hand is like a bird's claw. Cai Jing says in his heart that it's better to have this claw on the back or to have it on the back. Fang Ping knows that the heart of the Sutra says, even if people lead the whip day: Magu is a God, why do you suddenly say that its claws can carry evil? "

董其昌落款的碑文内容则比此文内容相差很多，因没查到董其昌《仙坛记》的其它文本，故把此碑图片发上，以待方家考证。

The content of Dong Qichang's inscription is much different from that of this one. Because there is no other text of Dong Qichang's "records of the altar of immortals", the picture of this tablet is sent to Fang family for further research.

在另一家石刻店中，横卧的一块泰山石敢当”石柱也吸引了记者的目光，这是长有3米多宽有40公分的一块有些蚀化残损的条石，“泰山石敢当”五个篆字线条匀称平和透着秦时的古朴和浑厚，我问老板此石是什么年代时，老板微笑说让我查下资料，但不让拍照。后来又在其它的石刻店前又看到了几块大小不一，形状各异的石敢当。

In another stone carving shop, a "Taishan stone" pillar lying horizontally also attracted the attention of the reporter. It was a strip stone more than 3 meters long and 40 cm wide with some erosion and damage. The five seal characters of "Taishan stone" were well proportioned and smooth, showing the simplicity and integrity of the Qin Dynasty. When I asked the boss what age the stone was, the boss said with a smile that he asked me to check the information, but not to take photos. Later, in front of other stone carving shops, I saw several stones of different sizes and shapes.

(百乐歌舞图图片遗失)

(the picture of Baile song and dance is missing)

关于石敢当有很多传说和考证，但至今还没有一个定论，不过有个民间故事倒是有些可读性。

There are many legends and textual research about Shi Gandang, but there is no final conclusion so far, but there is a folk story that is somewhat readable.

传说，泰山脚下的一个村子里住着一个青年， 姓石，名敢当。他非常的勇敢，而且同情贫苦的穷人。在泰山一带很有名。一些人被欺侮了的人就找石敢当替他们打抱不平。泰安城南的汶口镇有户人家，一对老夫妻只有一个女儿。不知从什么时候开始，每到太阳下山以后，只见东南方向刮来一股妖风直钻姑娘的屋里。天长日久，这个姑娘变得面黄肌瘦，非常虚弱。找了许多医生也治不好她的病。这时有人说:“看来是妖气缠身，光吃药是治不好的。听说泰山上有个石敢当很勇敢，何不找他来想想办法?’

It is said that in a village at the foot of Mount Tai, there lived a young man, surnamed Shi, named Gandang. He was very brave and sympathized with the poor. Mount Tai is very famous. -- those who have been bullied will find Shi Gan to fight for them. There is a family in Wenkou town in the south of Tai'an City. An old couple has only one daughter. I do not know when to start, every time after the sun sets, I saw the southeast wind blowing straight into the girl's room. As time went on, the girl became yellow and thin, very weak. Many doctors couldn't cure her. At this time, someone said: "it seems that you are haunted by evil spirit. You can't cure it by taking medicine alone. It's said that there is a brave Shi Gandang on Mount Tai. Why don't you ask him to find a way? "

石敢当说:“这事好办，找来十二对童男女，一人一面锣。再准备一盆香油， 把棉花搓成粗灯芯。还要一口锅，一把椅子，只要这些东西都备齐了，我-定能把妖怪拿住。”只见他把灯芯放在香油盆里，点燃了油灯。他用锅把盆子扣住，坐在旁边，用脚挑着锅沿，这样，虽然点着灯，远处看不到灯光。天黑了，随着一阵呼呼的响声，从东南方向窜出一股妖风。石敢当一脚踏翻锅，油灯立刻放出了耀眼的光芒。十二对童男童女同时敲响了锣鼓。妖怪一进屋，看见了灯光，听到了响声，赶快闪了出去，朝南方逃跑。

Shi Gandang said, "it's easy to do. We'll find 12 pairs of boys and girls, one for each. Then prepare a basin of sesame oil and rub the cotton into a thick wick. And a pot and a chair. As long as these things are ready, I will be able to hold the monster He put the wick in the fragrant oil basin and lit the oil lamp. He buttoned the pot with the pot, sat beside it, and carried the edge of the pot with his feet, so that although the light was on, there was no light in the distance. It was dark, with a whirring sound, a demon wind came out from the southeast. When Shi Gan stepped on the pan, the oil lamp immediately gave off a dazzling light. Twelve pairs of boys and girls beat the gongs and drums at the same time. As soon as the monster came into the room, he saw the light and heard the sound. He quickly flashed out and ran south.

这股妖风后来到了福建，继续作威作福。福建的一些农户也被妖风缠身，患了重病。人们打听来打听去，听说泰山有个石敢当能驱除妖怪，就把石敢当请到了福建。石敢当用老办法把妖怪赶走了....这妖风又逃到了东北，东北有些姑娘也得了重病，人们又把石敢当请到了东北。

Later, this evil wind came to Fujian and continued to dominate. Some farmers in Fujian are also haunted by the evil wind and are seriously ill. People inquired about it. They heard that there was a shigandang in Mount Tai who could drive away monsters, so they invited shigandang to Fujian. Shi Gandang used the old method to drive away the monster. The demon wind fled to the northeast again. Some girls in the northeast also got seriously ill. People invited Shi Gandang to the northeast again.

石敢当想:“我赶它一回，它就逃到别处，全国这么大，我怎么跑得过来呢?对，泰山有很多石头，我请石匠在石头上刻上我的家乡和名字-泰山石敢当，谁家闹妖风，就把这石头放在谁家的门外，妖怪就不敢进去了。”

Shi Gandang thought, "once I drive it, it will flee to other places. The country is so big, how can I run over it? Yes, there are many stones in Mount Tai. I asked a stonecutter to engrave my hometown and name on the stones - Mount Tai shigandang. If there is any evil wind in his family, he will put the stone outside his family's door, and the monsters will not dare to enter."

此后，泰山石敢当降妖的事越传越远。以后，人们为了避邪所以人们在盖房子的时候，总是把刻有“泰山石敢当”的石头砌在墙上或放在门口，用来避邪。

Since then, the story of Taishan stone daring to subdue the demon has spread further and further. Later, in order to avoid evil spirits, when building houses, people always put stones engraved with "Taishan shigandan" on the wall or at the door to avoid evil spirits.

(蛇身美女图片遗失)

(the picture of snake beauty is lost)

灵石崇拜与祭天、祭地、祭山川、祭祖祈福及避邪厌殃等都有一定渊源关系，万物有灵论是原始宗教思想发展的最初阶段。某些岩石所具有的奇特形状、颜色或所处的特殊地理环境，都可能被古人赋予灵性。

There is a certain relationship between the worship of spirit stone and the worship of heaven, earth, mountains and rivers, ancestor worship, blessing and avoiding evils and evils. Animism is the initial stage of the development of primitive religious thought. The peculiar shape, color or special geographical environment of some rocks may have been endowed with spirituality by the ancients.

在民俗文化园的石器园里，象这样带有宗教形式石器太多，石头因宗教而神化，宗教因石器而流传，后人根据前人留下的石器再加上自己的推断与想像再传给后人，于是宗教变得越发神秘，石器也就越发地升值了。

In the stone garden of the folk culture park, there are too many stone tools with religious forms like this. Stone is deified by religion, and religion is spread by stone tools. Later generations pass on the stone tools left by their predecessors and their own inference and imagination to later generations. As a result, religion becomes more mysterious and the stone tools appreciate more and more.

有识者辟出了此处石器流通集散之地，商贾运来了神化之石，入园观看，慧眼识宝者或能在这里淘金，肉眼凡胎的也会打眼上当。住宅避邪立个石敢当。人免上当，也要在心头立个石敢当。这是看完石器展的另一想法。

Those who have insight may be able to find gold here, and those who have mortal eyes may be fooled. It's a good place to build a house to avoid evil. If a man is not deceived, he must set up a stone in his heart. This is another idea after the stone exhibition.

郝连成2014-01-10北京通州

Hao Liancheng 2014-01-10 Tongzhou, Beijing