中国历史文化名镇嵩口

Shongkou, a famous historical and cultural town in China

北漂几年再回到家乡才发觉哺育我长大的嵩口镇是到处都充满着生态清新，饱含着深沉古韵，蕴藏着人杰地灵，焕发着新鲜活力。而此前我只知道己的家乡是- -处在祖国版图上为东南“闽”省内的一处山沟。为了不至于因对家乡的无知而脸红，只好借苏东坡的一句“不识庐山真面目，只缘身在此山中”来遮羞了。

Shangkou, a famous historical and cultural town in China, drifted to the north for several years. When I returned to my hometown, I found that Songkou Town, which nurtured me, was full of fresh ecology, deep ancient charm, outstanding people and vitality. Before that, I only knew that my hometown was located in the territory of the motherland, a gully in the southeast Fujian Province. In order not to blush because of his ignorance of his hometown, he had to hide his shame by saying "I don't know the true face of Lushan Mountain, only because I am in the mountain".

其实，千年古镇嵩口早就因人杰而史上有名。而出名人最多的是月洲村，从高处往下鸟瞰,月洲村在大樟溪的环绕下，如同一一个弯弯的月亮，故此人称“月洲”。大约南宋年间，嵩口地区已经形成规模小镇。至元代后，嵩口置镇，开始逐渐繁荣;而到明清时期，嵩口犹为发达。发达的经济孕育了文化名人，南宋著名词人张元干就出生于此。

In fact, Songkou, a thousand year old town, has long been famous for its outstanding people. Yuezhou village is the most famous one. From a bird's-eye view, Yuezhou village is surrounded by Dazhang river like a curved moon, so it is called "Yuezhou". About the Southern Song Dynasty, Songkou area has formed a small town. After Yuan Dynasty, Songkou set up a town and began to prosper gradually, but in Ming and Qing Dynasties, Songkou was still developed. Developed economy gave birth to cultural celebrities, and Zhang yuangan, a famous poet of Southern Song Dynasty, was born here.

说起张元干，还有-段祖孙三代十八条官带”的传说:宋皇祐五年(1053年) ，永泰县大山深处的月洲村人氏张肩孟高中郑獬榜进士。后历官知府、刺史、朝散郎，再后以子贵赠少师，谥文靖。张肩孟生有五子，俱登进士第，长子励，官至中奉大夫;次子動，官至朝散郎;三子動，官至太学博士;四子劝，官至工部尚书;五子动，字安道，官至龙图阁直学士，诗人。当时全国上下都轰动了，人们赞美说:“灵椿一株秀，丹桂五枝芳。”张肩孟有孙12人，除两人不仕外，其余皆宦于时，加上两名侄孙为官，刚好祖孙三代十八条官带。张元干就是张肩孟五子张动的儿子。

Speaking of Zhang yuangan, there is also the legend of "Eighteen official belts of three generations of Duan zusun": in the fifth year of emperor you of Song Dynasty (1053), Zhang jianmeng, a native of Yuezhou village in the deep mountains of Yongtai County, was a Jinshi in Zheng Xun's high school. After the official magistrate, CI Shi, Chao San Lang, and then to the son of your gift Shaoshi, posthumous Wen Jing. Zhang jianmeng was born with five sons, all of whom were in the rank of Jinshi. The eldest son was Li, who was in charge of Zhongfeng; the second son was Dong, who was in charge of chaosanlang; the third son was Dong, who was in charge of Taixue doctor; the fourth son was Quan, who was in charge of Shangshu of the Ministry of industry; the fifth son was Dong, who was in charge of andao, who was in charge of LongTuge. At that time, the whole country was a sensation, and people praised and said, "Lingchun is a beautiful tree, while Dangui is a fragrant tree." Zhang Jian and Meng yousun are 12 people. Except for two people who are not officials, the rest of them are officials at that time. With two nephews and grandchildren as officials, they happen to have 18 official belts in three generations. Zhang yuangan is the son of Zhang Dong, the fifth son of Zhang jianmeng.

张元干20岁时，到江西南昌向东湖徐师川先生请教诗词句法，常与当地诗社名家洪刍、洪炎、苏坚、向子譚(张元干的舅父)等唱和。22岁时又跟父亲到汴京(今河南开封)入太学上舍生，学业和诗词创作均大有长进。宋靖康元年(1126年) 一月，李纲任亲征行营使负责京都防务。张元干为行营属官协助李纲抗击兵。曾写下“ 九庙安全日，三军死守心。倘为襄汉幸，良复见于今”句，称颂李纲及三军‘死守京都的爱国之心。留有《芦川归来集》和《芦川词》计180余首。

When Zhang yuangan was 20 years old, he went to Nanchang, Jiangxi Province to consult Mr. Xu Shichuan of Donghu for the syntax of poetry. He often sang with Hong Chu, Hong Yan, Su Jian, Xiang Zitan (Zhang yuangan's uncle) and other famous poets in the local poetry society. When he was 22 years old, he went to Bianjing (now Kaifeng, Henan Province) with his father to attend the Imperial College. He made great progress in his studies and poetry creation. In January 1126, the first year of Jingkang in Song Dynasty, Li Gang served as a personal camp envoy in charge of the defense of Kyoto. Zhang yuangan was a subordinate officer of the camp to assist Li Gang's resistance troops. Once wrote "nine Temple safety day, the three armed forces guard heart.". If it's lucky for the Han Dynasty, good things will be seen in today's "sentence praises Li Gang and the three armed forces for their patriotism of" sticking to Kyoto. ". There are more than 180 pieces of "the return of Luchuan" and "Luchuan Ci".

《贺新郎送胡邦衡待制赴新州》就是张元干词中最著名的一篇:“梦绕神州路。怅秋风、连营画角，故宫离黍。底事昆仑倾砥柱，九地黄流乱注?聚万落千村狐兔。天意从来高难问，况人情老易悲难诉。更南浦，送君去。凉生岸柳催残暑。耿斜河、疏星淡月，断云微度。万里江山知何处?回首对床夜语。雁不到、书成谁与?目尽青天怀今古，肯儿曹恩怨相尔汝?举大白，听《金缕》。”

"Congratulating the bridegroom and sending Hu bangheng to Xinzhou" is the most famous one in Zhang yuangan's CI: "dreams go around Shenzhou road. The autumn wind, the painting corner of Lianying, and the Palace Museum. At the end of the matter, Kunlun is the mainstay, and jiudihuang is the main stream. Heaven's will is always difficult to ask, but it's difficult to complain about human feelings. Geng Nanpu, send you. The cool willow on the bank hastens the residual heat. Geng Xiehe, sparse star light moon, broken cloud micro degree. Where do you know from thousands of miles of rivers and mountains. If the geese don't arrive and the book is finished, who will be with you? Your eyes are as green as the sky. If you are willing to bear the grudges of the past and the present, you will be willing to listen to the golden thread. "

据上个世纪30年代中共福建省委领导人陈金来烈士笔记，1933年在建宁的一 -次会议上，周恩来看到陈金来的笔记本上录有张元干的这首词，当众朗读后并作了讲话，最后号召:“我们共产党人要好好地学习这首词，学习张元干锄奸靖国、抵抗侵略的精神，不怕牺牲、前赴后继，去争取胜利。

According to the notes of martyr Chen Jinlai, leader of the Fujian provincial Party committee of the Communist Party of China in the 1930s, he was in Jianning in 1933 -At the second meeting, Zhou Enlai saw that Zhang yuangan's poem was recorded in Chen Jinlai's notebook. After reading it in public, he made a speech, and finally called on: "we Communists should learn this poem well, learn Zhang yuangan's spirit of fighting against Japan and aggression, not afraid of sacrifice, and go forward to fight for victory.

另据毛泽东医护人员蓝桂英的《毛泽东读书生活》载:文化部组织表演艺术家录制了古诗词磁带，毛泽东十分喜爱。1975年4月 董必武去世，毛泽东-天不吃东西，也不说话，只是把张元干的名作《贺新郎送胡邦衡待制谪新州》反复听了-整天。可见张元干词的影响之大。

According to Mao Zedong's medical staff LAN Guiying's reading life, the Ministry of culture organized performing artists to record ancient poetry tapes, which Mao Zedong loved very much. When Dong Biwu died in April 1975, Mao Zedong - Tian didn't eat or speak. He just listened to Zhang yuangan's famous work "congratulating the bridegroom and sending Hu bangheng to be banished to Xinzhou" repeatedly all day. It can be seen that the influence of Zhang yuangan's Ci is great.

嵩口镇古民居里的乡贤之风

The ethos of the ancient people in Songkou town

说起家乡的地灵，不能不说下这里充满古风遗韵的民居建筑。

Speaking of the spirit of hometown, we can't help but talk about the folk buildings here full of ancient style.

据调查，嵩口古镇目前保留完好的古民居有100多座，最为著名的有:用坦厝、、宁远庄等十多处在历史的长河中斑驳着。从土墙到瓦砾;从画栋到雕梁;从石工到木刻;从石臼到老磨;从风鼓到古井...都有 着先人遗留下来的脚印和读不完的历史传说。

According to the survey, there are more than 100 well preserved ancient dwellings in Songkou ancient town, the most famous of which are yongtancuo, ningyuanzhuang, etc. From earth walls to rubble; from painted buildings to carved beams; from stonework to wood carving; from stone mortar to old mill; from wind drum to ancient well, there are footprints left by our ancestors and endless historical legends.

用坦厝又称下坂厝，始建于乾隆年间(公元1752年)，历时27年， 父建子续，至今已有260年的历史。主人陈用坦，享年76岁，-生好善乐施，勤俭持家，深得美名。下坂厝总建筑面积5080平方米，200多个房间。土木结构建筑，以木雕为主。是长乐人祖孙三代历经24年雕刻而成的!

Yongtancuo, also known as xiabancuo, was built in the Qianlong period (1752 A.D.), which lasted for 27 years. The father built it and the son continued it. It has a history of 260 years. Chen Yongtan, the owner of the family, was 76 years old. He was good at giving, thrifty and well-known. Xiabancuo has a total construction area of 5080 square meters and more than 200 rooms. Civil structure building, mainly wood carving. It is carved by three generations of Changle people after 24 years!

陈用坦还有个传世之宝，是一个正厅围屏，十二扇的馏金镂空屏风，至今用一木箱加铁焊锁在前厅旁的一个木箱里。中央电视台对此宝物曾有过专访，据行内人士估价，此屏风目前价值2000多万元。可见，除了这座古大厝，陈用坦还给子孙们留下这个天价的文物瑰宝。

Chen Yongtan also has a treasure handed down from generation to generation. It's a main hall screen, and twelve gold screen. Up to now, it's locked in a wooden box next to the front hall with a wooden box and iron welding. CCTV once had an exclusive interview with this treasure. According to the estimates of people in the industry, the screen is now worth more than 20 million yuan. It can be seen that in addition to this ancient mansion, Chen Yongtan left this priceless cultural treasure to his descendants.

宁远庄始建于清雍正七年(1729年) ， 据传为清乾隆年间月洲村名人张谦所建，此庄历时5年才修建好。整个寨堡占地面积3000多平方米，外圆内方，据说，寨中建有房屋120间。在青石堆砌的庄门上，豁然醒目地刻着三个楷体字宁远庄”。宁远庄卧伏于山丘之上，虎视远方。这是一座曾经威武的塞堡，至今283年历史，依旧卧于丘巅，与世人对话。

Ningyuan village was first built in 1729. It is said that it was built by Zhang Qian, a famous person in Yuezhou village during the reign of Emperor Qianlong of Qing Dynasty. It took five years to build this village. The whole Fort covers an area of more than 3000 square meters. It is said that there are 120 houses in the fort. On the green stone gate of the village, there are three characters "Ningyuan village" in bold script. Ningyuan village lies on the hill and looks far away. This is a fortress once powerful. It has a history of 283 years. It still lies on the top of the hill and talks with the world.

在宁远庄的大厅墙上，最引人注目的是那些已经贴有二百多年的喜报。上面写着，某年某月某日某某人考中贡生、进士等，落款年代有清雍正、乾隆、咸丰等字样。看了这些喜报，再看一下庄内门楣上有一副对联，就知道当时的人们，是怎样教育后代的:欲高门第须为善，要好儿孙在读书!横批是:安宅在仁!

On the wall of the hall of Ningyuan village, the most striking ones are the good news that has been pasted for more than 200 years. It says that on a certain day, a certain year, a certain month, a certain person passed the examination of Gongsheng, Jinshi and so on. The signing date has the words of Yongzheng, Qianlong, Xianfeng and so on. After reading these good news and looking at a couplet on the lintel of the village, we can see how the people at that time educated their descendants: if they want to have a higher family status, they must be good and have better children and grandchildren  In reading! Horizontal is: house in benevolence!

据媒体报道在全国第三次文物普查中，在嵩口镇又发现了大量罕见文物，其中南宋“石马槽王”、清代牛皮大鼓以及永禁溺女碑均被列入国家文物地图集。

According to media reports, a large number of rare cultural relics have been found in Songkou town during the third national cultural relics survey. Among them, "King shimacao" in the Southern Song Dynasty, Niupi Dagu in the Qing Dynasty and the monument of never forbidding drowning women have been included in the national cultural relics atlas.

石马槽在嵩口镇龙湘乡半山村背后的山腰上，经测量槽身长约5米、宽约1 .05米，高约1米，槽边.上刻着宋绍兴丙子造”六个大字，整个石槽由一块巨大的花岗岩雕凿而成，悬空搁置在离地约两米的石墩上。石墩的下方，还有另外一个略小一些的石马槽，已被泥土和杂草掩埋。清代牛皮大鼓则在现存古民居数量最多的东坡村。东坡村有明清时期古民居近百座，- -座座白墙黑瓦，掩映在茂林竹丛中。而最引人注目的是矗立在村口的小溪旁的-座以三层木结构为主体的阁楼,名日“东坡首社”。

The stone horse trough is on the hillside behind Banshan village, Longxiang Township, Songkou town. It is measured to be about 5 meters long, 1.05 meters wide and 1 meter high. On the edge of the trough, there are six characters "made by Bingzi in Shaoxing of Song Dynasty". The whole stone trough is carved from a huge granite and suspended on a stone pier about two meters above the ground. Below the stone pier, there is another slightly smaller stone horse trough, which has been buried by soil and weeds. In the Qing Dynasty, cowhide drum was built in Dongpo village, which has the largest number of ancient dwellings. Dongpo village has nearly 100 ancient dwellings in Ming and Qing Dynasties, with white walls and black tiles. The most striking is a three story wooden loft standing beside the stream at the entrance of the village, which is named "Dongpo shoushe".

据悉“东坡首社”始建于明末清初，清嘉庆年间重修。建筑结构及屋内外装修都颇为讲究，屋顶翘角飞檐,还悬挂着木雕琵琶琴，屋内木刻、石雕、泥塑、彩绘、壁画精美绝伦。由于地势较高，每根柱木全都立在础石上，不易浸水受潮，保持干燥，历经300多年，木材质地完好。首社内大鼓为双面鼓，鼓身高度约为1.5米，鼓面为椭圆形，平均直径超过1 .5米，两侧分别由一张完整的牛皮缝制而成。大鼓有三百多年的历史，到现在敲起来还是声震云霄。

It is reported that "Dongpo shoushe" was built in the late Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty, and rebuilt during the Jiaqing period of Qing Dynasty. The building structure and interior and exterior decoration are quite exquisite. The roof has an angled cornice, and wooden lutes are hung. The wood carvings, stone carvings, clay sculptures, color paintings and murals inside are superb. Due to the high terrain, each column wood is all standing on the foundation stone, not easy to soak in water and damp, keep dry, after more than 300 years, the wood material is in good condition. The drum in shoushe is a double-sided drum with a height of about 1.5 meters. The drum surface is oval with an average diameter of more than 1.5 meters. Both sides are sewn with a piece of complete cow hide. Dagu has a history of more than 300 years, and its sound is still loud up to now.

在如今生态被严重破坏，环境不断污染现状，使山水清秀，民风朴实，又有传统文化历史的嵩口镇越来越让人感到宜居和生存。据说前些时就有日本和台湾人要来嵩口镇买地建别墅，被地方政府挡了回去，理由是要控制嵩口镇的发展规模，把保留历史风貌的嵩口镇交给历史。

Nowadays, the ecology has been seriously damaged and the environment is constantly polluted, which makes Songkou town more and more livable and livable. It is said that some Japanese and Taiwanese wanted to buy land and build villas in Songkou town some time ago, which was blocked by the local government. The reason is to control the development scale of Songkou town and give Songkou Town, which retains its historical features, to history.