饶宗颐是当代文人艺术的代表

原标题：饶宗颐是当代文人艺术的代表

　　陈履生(微博)（中国国家博物馆研究院）

　　“画中带有文人之性质，含有文人之趣味，不在画中考究艺术上之工夫，必须于画外看出许多文人之感想”，这是陈师曾给文人画下的基本定义。他还说文人画“是性灵者也，思想者也，活动者也；非器械者也，非单纯者也。”所以，文人画“个性优美，感想高尚者也，其平日之所修养品格，迥出于庸众之上，故其于艺术也，所发表抒写者，自能引人入胜，悠然起澹远幽微之思，而脱离一切尘垢之念”。当把这一切语文的意义对照饶宗颐先生的艺术，其相似性的吻合几乎可以作为对饶宗颐先生画艺的总结。而具体到他的个人特质，学艺融通则是其践行文人艺术的最基本的要素。

　　与当代文人不同的是，他没有经过正规的学院教育，没有名校的光环和学位的荣耀，因此，也就没有将自己固定在某一个专业之上。但是，他的学术领域宽广，学术成就丰硕，著作等身，有口皆碑。在当代社会，他靠自己的学术立足，依凭文人的品格，桃李不言，下自成蹊。而当这一切的学术成就与他的书画发生关系时，学术成就的基础造就了他文人艺术的独特的品格和异样的风格，成为当代文人艺术的代表。

　　古人常说“读万卷书，行万里路”，而饶宗颐先生在古训之上而有“著等身书，写各种画”。如果自饶先生1929年从金陵杨栻学习书画开始，迄今八十余载，其画历之长也是少有。饶先生从12岁开始研习山水及宋人行草并能够抵壁作大幅山水及人物，与书画结下不解之缘。他从1932年继承其先人饶锷先生之业编辑《潮州艺文志》而进入到文化界，开始了以治地方史志为主的早期学术生涯。之后从1943年赴广西任无锡国学专修学校教授，开始了为教一生的旅程，在其后七十余年的教学生涯中，辗转于不同的教席，教学相长，学术道路越来越宽广，所画也越来越多样。纵观其各个时期的画作，无论是题材还是风格，大抵都与其学术领域和学术成就相关，表现出了学艺融通的绘画特色。

　　饶宗颐先生一生为学而行走四方，基于兴趣爱好，他往往把眼前即景用画笔记录下来，或者为了画而专门写生，因此，这些画在一定程度上也反映了他的学术历程。1964年，他再赴日本访学，此间还在日本各地写生。其中1969年的《星洲写生》可为其代表。1965年在法国国立科学中心研究巴黎及伦敦所藏敦煌画稿与敦煌写卷时，还研究敦煌白描画法。后一年，在研究敦煌写卷时与戴密微教授同游瑞士，在白山及黑湖地区画了大量的写生。1968年又在欧洲用元代黄公望、倪瓒两家笔法画了诸多山水写生。这些早期的游览不仅为饶先生留下了许多一直存留至今的深刻记忆，而其间的写生则为他积累了丰富的形象素材，直到几十年后的2005年他还画了《黑湖览眺》，并录下了原来的诗作：“恍如一叶渡江时，山色波光潋滟奇。日月此中相出没，飞来白鸟索题诗。”2004年，饶先生所作的《玖磨川》，也是记录当年与冈村繁同游日本三大川之一的玖磨川印象，因为这里曾经是“野人熊袭盘踞之地”。

　　饶宗颐先生一生与学问相关的绘画作品中，其学术的方向、研究的课题与绘画的题材所表现出来的关联，有着多方面的表现，所以，他的绘画表现出了题材多样性的特色。饶宗颐先生走过了20世纪，又在新的世纪焕发出耄耋之年的神采。毫无疑问，在中西文化的碰撞和交流中，饶先生以深厚的国学功底兼具广博的外来文化的知识，融合中外。当这些反映到他的绘画中的时候，所表现出的“此心无町畦，东西仅尺咫”（《莱溪居图》（2006年）），既是他学艺融通的基础，又是他学艺融通的成就。

　　学艺融通作为饶宗颐先生艺术成就的特点，在其绘画题材方面有着突出的表现。在绘画形式方面，他从摹古开始并没有拘泥古法，反之，却在学问的滋养下，一方面融汇了古人的各种不同画法，另一方面不断吸收包括敦煌学在内的诸多研究成果，在考察遗迹与研究书迹、画迹的基础上，常常以新的画法让人们刮目相看。无疑，他的这种业之余的文人画状态，传承了中国传统绘画的人文精神，同时以触类旁通和学艺融通使其艺术达到了超于学院教育之上的新的境界。

来源：人民网

Rao Zongyi is the representative of contemporary literary art

Original title: Rao Zongyi is the representative of contemporary literary art

Chen Lvsheng (micro-blog) (China National Museum Research Institute)

"Painting contains the nature of literati, contains the interest of literati, and does not study art in painting. We must see a lot of literati's feelings out of the picture", which is Chen Shiceng's basic definition for literati. He also said that the literati painting "is also the soul, thinker, activists also; not mechanical and simple but." So, the literati painting "beautiful personality, noble feelings, the normal cultivation for his character, the crowd on the art, published writing, self fascinating, leisurely play Dan far faint thoughts, and from all the dirt and read". When the meaning of all the Chinese is compared to Mr. Rao Zongyi's art, its similarity can almost be a summary of Mr. Rao Zongyi's painting. And specific to his personal qualities, is the practice of financing from elements of the basic art of literati.
Unlike contemporary literati, he did not go through formal college education, and he didn't have the honor and glory of a famous school, so he didn't fix himself on a particular subject. However, his academic field is broad, academic achievements, his reputation. 在当代社会，他靠自己的学术立足，依凭文人的品格，桃李不言，下自成蹊。 And when all these academic achievements are related to his paintings and calligraphy, the foundation of academic achievements has created his unique character and peculiar style of literati art and has become the representative of contemporary literati art.
The ancients often say "read ten thousand books, traveling thousands of miles, and Mr Rao Zongyi in the old and above" with other books, write all kinds of paintings". If Mr Rao began in 1929 from Jinling Yang Shi to learn calligraphy and painting, so far more than 80 years, the picture calendar long is also rare. Mr. Rao began to study the landscape and to make a wall and the landscape and figure painting from the age of 12, and forged indissoluble bound. He inherited the ancestors of Mr. Rao e editing "Chaozhou Yiwenzhi" from 1932 into circles of culture, began early academic career to rule based local chronicles. From 1943 to Guangxi as professor of Wuxi Ancient Chinese Literature Search specialized training school, began to teach life journey, after seventy years of teaching career, played for different posts, more and more broad road Teaching benefits teachers as well as students., academic, the painting has become increasingly diverse. In the periods of paintings, both theme and style, probably with academic and academic achievement, demonstrated a congenial painting characteristics.
Mr. Rao Zongyi's life to study and walk around, based on hobbies, he often saw scenes recorded with a brush, or to draw special painting, therefore, these paintings to a certain extent also reflects his academic course. In 1964, he went to Japan to visit school, which was also written in all parts of Japan. In 1969 the "sketch" for the representative of singapore. In 1965 the French national scientific research center of Paris and London and Dunhuang Tibet drawings of Dunhuang manuscripts, also of Dunhuang painting line. After a year, in the study of Dunhuang manuscripts and demieville professor with Switzerland, in the White Mountains and Black Lake area drew a lot of painting. 1968 in Europe, with the yuan Huang Gongwang and Ni Zan two brushwork in painting many landscape painting. These early visit not only for Mr Rao left many always has retained a deep memory, and accumulated rich vivid material during the sketch for him, until a few decades after 2005 he also painted a "black lake view vision", and recorded the original poem: "like Ye Dujiang, shanse glittering odd. In this phase the white bird flew out, cable." In 2004, Mr Rao made the "nine Sichuan" is also the year of grinding, and Okamura Shige with three of the nine Japan Okawa mill Sichuan impression, because it was "savage kumaso entrenched land".
In his paintings related to knowledge, Mr. Rao Zongyi's academic orientation and research topics are related to the themes of paintings. So his paintings show the diversity of themes. Mr. Rao Zongyi passed in twentieth Century, and full of ripe old age in the new century. There is no doubt that in the collision and communication between Chinese and Western cultures, Mr. Rao has a profound knowledge of foreign culture with a profound national study and a combination of foreign and foreign cultures. When these reflect to his paintings, shown by the "heart no thing about a foot is a low bank of earth between fields," ("Lai Xi Ju" (2006), he is a) based financing, and financing his learning achievement.
As a financing of Mr. Rao Zongyi's artistic achievements, with outstanding performance in the painting theme. In the form of painting, he did not start from the style in the traditional method, on the other hand, but in the knowledge nourishing, a blend of the different kinds of painting, on the other hand, constantly absorbing many research achievements including Dunhuang, based on the investigation and study of calligraphy and painting remains on track, often in a new method to make people sit up and take notice. Undoubtedly, this industry more than his paintings, the heritage of the humanistic spirit China of traditional painting, and to the art and arts facility would reach from the College of education on the new realm.