“晒娃”前，你问过娃吗？

　　近日，意大利罗马法院审理了一起肖像权及隐私权案。一位母亲在社交网络肆意发布16岁孩子的1，被孩子告上法庭。结果，法庭依据联合国《儿童权利公约》、意大利《版权法》及《儿童权益保障法》等，要求母亲删除所发布的全部子女1，日后未经子女同意，禁止发布子女肖像或涉及子女隐私的信息，否则将对其处以1万欧元的罚款。这个判决，让不少喜欢“晒娃”的人，惊出了一身冷汗。

　　“晒”，可谓信息时代的一个全球性现象，是智能手机普及、自媒体及社交网络发展的产物。“晒”本身有着分享的意味，一本书、一首歌，烦恼和快乐……让周围的人更多、更好地了解自己，也能给朋友提供更多信息，不无正能量释放。

　　“晒娃”也是如此。小生命的成长让人激动，分享孩子的重要时刻是人之常情。在美欧国家，“晒娃”也是个热词。根据调查，德国71%的母亲都会在社交媒体上传孩子两岁以下的1；早在2010年，美国两岁以下的孩子中80%有1出现于社交媒体上。即便美国“第一女儿”伊万卡、英国王妃凯特，也是“晒娃”晒得不亦乐乎。

　　晒归晒，问题也不少。像罗马那位母亲遭遇的一样，英国、德国、法国、葡萄牙、美国等国都曾有人因未成年肖像问题对簿公堂；“脸书”早在2010年就因滥用未成年人肖像遭到集体诉讼。为什么“晒娃”会晒出官司？最直接的原因是安全问题。

　　在鱼龙混杂的社交媒体中，过度分享孩子的1和私人信息，将孩子的姓名、常出现的地点、学校等信息公开在网络，容易让不法分子有机可乘，还可能造成信息盗用。澳大利亚的儿童网络安全专员曾发现，数以千万计的儿童1出现在网络上的儿童色情群组中。甚至还有“电子绑架者”，从他人社交媒体复制孩子1并声称是自己的孩子，达到奇特的心理满足感。

　　更深层次的是伦理问题——孩子是不是父母的“私产”？“身体发肤，受之父母”，但子女并非父母私有物，孩子虽少不更事，并不意味着他们没有自己的权利，包括对自身1的使用。2016年，华盛顿大学和密歇根大学以249位家长和他们的孩子为样本调研发现，对于“晒娃”前是否应该征求子女的意见的回答，孩子答“是”的比例是家长的两倍多。而以长远计，孩子长大后会不会对网络上自己的旧照不满？恶意评论又会不会对孩子的日常生活造成影响？

　　正因此，各国对于“晒娃”，出手干预管制的也不少见。2016年，法国国家宪兵队特地针对“脸书”的一项“晒娃”行动发出警示；在美国，给孩子拍裸照可能被判定为猥亵行为，若发上网事态则更为严重。在“晒娃”一事上，尊重未成年人意见，保障其隐私与安全，必须置于首位考虑。作为国家和社会，未成年权益保护，需不断完善其隐私的立法司法保护工作，政府及互联网企业应更新技术监管手段，建立快速举报和处理机制，给未成年人数据设置更高隐私级别。

　　什么才是“晒娃”的恰当打开方式？是询问孩子：我想晒出你的1，你同意吗？是询问自己：晒出这张1，真的合适吗？

　　这是值得思考的。谨慎“晒娃”，关乎尊重和安全。

来源：人民网

Before sun baby, did you ask the baby?

Recently, the Rome court in Italy has heard a case of the right of portrait and privacy. A mother was taken to court by a child on a social network to publish a photo of a 16 year old child. The results, according to the United Nations Convention on the rights of children "," Italy "copyright law" and "children's rights and interests protection law", ask the mother to delete published photos on all children, children without consent, banned children portrait or involving children privacy information, otherwise will be fined 10 thousand euros for the. This decision, let a lot of people like "sun", shocked out of a cold sweat.

"Sun" is a global phenomenon in the information age. It is the product of the popularization of smart phones, the self media and the development of social networks. "Sun" itself has a share of the meaning of a book, a song, trouble and happiness... Let the people around us to know more about themselves, and to provide more information to their friends, not without positive energy release.

So is the sun. The growth of small life is exciting. It is human to share the important moment of the child. In the United States and Europe, "Sun baby" is also a hot word. According to the survey, 71% of the mothers in Germany will upload photos of their children under the age of two in social media. In the early 2010, 80% of the children under two years old had pictures on social media. Even if the first daughter Ivanka, Kate, "Sun baby get awfully.

There are a lot of problems in the sun. The mother suffered the same as Rome, Britain, Germany, France, Portugal, the United States has been due to minor issues in court portrait; "face book" early in 2010 because of the abuse of minors portrait was the collective action. Why is the sun baby becomes a case? The most direct reason is the security problem.

In the dragons and fishes jumbled together social media, over sharing photos of children and private information, the child's name, often appear in the place, schools and other public information in the network, easy to let the criminals taking advantage may also cause information theft. Australia's children's Network Security Commissioner has found that tens of millions of children's photos appear on the network of child pornography groups. There are even "electronic kidnapper", who replicate pictures of children from other social media and claim to be their own children to achieve a strange psychological satisfaction.

The deeper ethical issues: children are not parents "private property"? "The whole body, by the parents, but children of parents is not private property, although the child was young, does not mean they do not have their own rights, including the use of their own photos. In 2016, University of Washington and University of Michigan took 249 parents and their children as samples, and found that if they answered children's opinions before the "Sun baby", the proportion of children answering "yes" is two times that of their parents. And in the long run, will children grow up when they grow up on their own old photos on the Internet? Does a malicious comment affect the daily life of a child?

As a result, it is not uncommon for all countries to intervene in the control of "Sun baby". In 2016, the French national gendarmerie issued a warning specifically for a "Sun baby" action in Facebook. In the United States, shooting nude photos of children may be judged as indecency, and if they are online, the situation is even more serious. In the "Sun baby", respecting the opinions of the minors and ensuring their privacy and security must be placed in the first consideration. As a state and society, the protection of minor rights and interests needs continuous improvement of the legislative and judicial protection of privacy. Government and Internet companies should update technical supervision means, establish a rapid reporting and handling mechanism, and set up a higher privacy level for minors.

What is the proper way to open the sun? Ask the child: I want to get your photos. Do you agree? To ask yourself: is it really appropriate to get this photo?

This is worth thinking. Prudence "basking the baby" is about respect and security.