聚焦人工智能时代的教育：学生跟谁学老师干什么

自从2016年谷歌研发的AlphaGO战胜人类棋手，人们对于人工智能技术的关注热度迅速攀升。人工智能在帮助人类提高工作效率的同时，也令各行各业的人感到焦虑。人工智能时代，身处校园的教师如何才能在竞争中立于不败之地？

老师不再布置和批改作业了？

林乐光从华东师范大学数学系本科毕业就拿起教鞭，当起了数学老师。从事教育工作25年来，他发现虽然教育改革热火朝天，但三尺讲堂上的变化并不大。他分析这与老师的观念有关：作为老师，即使知道自己该怎么讲，也不一定知道孩子该怎么学。一些老师相信：如果知识点都讲到了，学生没考好就是学生的事。

但是，老师完成了教学任务，学生是否就实际获得了却要划个问号。林乐光觉得老师需要转变观念，不要再聚焦于研究自己的教学方法、教学模式和教学改革，而是着重去研究学生的学习方法、学习模式和学习状态的变化。

“大家都说要尊重规律、尊重学生，但当一个老师面对四五十个学生时，了解每个孩子的学习过程就成了一道难题。但是，在不了解孩子的前提下进行教学，很难保证学生的实际获得，让他真正发生转变。而学生就读某校期间是否发生了转变靠什么来评价？在没有评价机制的时候只能靠考试，老师的法宝就是考，方法就是重复。”林乐光言语中透着些无奈。

人工智能时代，利用网上学习软件，机器可以批改学生在线完成的作业，并根据做题情况分析后再布置个性化作业，如果机器做好更好，老师可以不再承担这类工作。

未来的学习会像武侠小说里速成的“武功”

“人工智能对教育最大的冲击可能就是校外补课不太有用了。因为补课实际上补的是学习的速度，也就是提前学习后面学段的知识。”林乐光说，未来的学习会像武侠小说里速成的“武功”，哪块是弱项就进入相应的资源包学习，一周后就可能得到较大提升。

现在大家都反对“择校”，但将来“择校”会越来越厉害，因为未来学校的基础课程将是开放的，学生觉得哪个学校课程设置得好，可以选择去那里上课。

时代在进步，平板电脑、手机等智能设备正在被孩子娴熟使用。“有个别老师不允许学生带手机到学校，这其实是不太可能实现的事，关键在于疏导和引导，让现代科技成为孩子们学习的工具。”林乐光表示，学生不是不爱用手机来学习，而是手机里学习的资源太少，玩的东西太多。作为教育工作者，要让基于这些平台的学习资源更多。

人工智能不会颠覆学校的结构

多年来，学校教学以老师为主，老师提供服务学生接受服务。但是，这种格局正在发生变化。进入人工智能时代，通过数据监测分析，很容易判断出哪位老师对孩子产生了正向的影响。未来，人工智能把学生脑力开发出来后，老师可以根据每个人不同的需求因材施教，进行个性化指导。

据北京九中校长林乐光介绍，学校与清华大学未来教育学院签了一个小范围的合作协议，经过家长的同意，通过佩戴头套和手环等设备，每周在课堂上对部分班级学生的学习过程进行信息收集，建立模型并分析学生的学习状况数据。他说，目前大学里有助教，小学、中学还没有助教。未来的学校中老师分工会越来越细，有的老师做前期学生数据采集，有的老师指导团队等。在林乐光看来，这种分工上的细分是随着时间推移自然生成的，不需要刻意训练老师去实现。

人工智能专家认为，那些最能体现人的综合素质的技能，才是人工智能时代最有价值，最值得培养、学习的技能。例如，人对于复杂系统的综合分析、决策能力，基于人自身的情感与他人互动的能力等。

林乐光认为人工智能不会颠覆学校的结构。学校教育，不光是要教给学生学习的能力、科学文化知识，还要传达国家层面、社会层面的使命感、责任感。此外，还有人际交往的基本原理、道德准则和思想修养等内容。但是，机器更擅长教学生原理性的东西，而很多原理性的东西又得通过活动的实践去实现。因此，学校里的社团活动、班级氛围以及学生与班主任、任课老师的交流等并不是机器能够替代的。

来源：人民网

Focusing on the education in the age of artificial intelligence: what does a student do with a teacher

Since 2016, Google developed the AlphaGO to overcome the human chess player, people's attention to artificial intelligence technology has increased rapidly. Artificial intelligence, while helping people improve their work efficiency, also makes people in all walks of life feel anxious. In the era of artificial intelligence, how can teachers in the campus be invincible in the competition?

The teacher no longer arrange and correct the homework?

Lin Leguang picked up a pointer from the Department of mathematics of East China Normal University graduate, worked as a math teacher. For 25 years in education, he found that although the educational reform was hot, there was little change in the three - foot lecture hall. He analyzed this in relation to the teacher's idea: as a teacher, even if he knew what to do, he did not know what the child should learn. Some teachers believe that if the knowledge points are talked about, it is the student's business that the students do not do well.

However, the teacher completed the teaching task, and if the students actually got it, they had to make a question mark. Lin Leguang thinks that teachers need to change their concepts, instead of focusing on their teaching methods, teaching models and teaching reforms, but instead focus on studying the changes of students' learning methods, learning patterns and learning conditions.

"We all say that we should respect the rules and respect students, but when a teacher is faced with forty or fifty students, it is a difficult problem to understand each child's learning process. However, under the premise of not knowing the child, it is difficult to ensure the actual acquisition of the students, so that he really changes. And what is the change of the students in a school? In the absence of evaluation mechanism, only by examination, the teacher's magic is the test, the method is to repeat. There was some helplessness in Lin Leguang's words.

In the era of AI, using online learning software, the machine can correct homework done by students online, and assign personalized homework according to the analysis of the problem. If the machine is better, the teacher can no longer undertake this kind of work.

The future study will be like the "martial arts" in the martial arts novels.

"The biggest impact of artificial intelligence on education may be that it is not useful to make up a class outside school. Because the supplement is actually the speed of learning, that is to learn the knowledge of the learning section in the back. " Lin Leguang said that learning in the future will be like the quick martial arts in swordsman novels, which is weak enough to enter the corresponding resource package learning, and it will probably be greatly improved in a week.

Now everyone is opposed to "school choice", but in the future, "school choice" will become more and more serious, because the basic curriculum of the future school will be open, and students feel that which school curriculum is well set up, so they can choose to go there.

The times are progressing, and smart devices, such as tablet computers and mobile phones, are being skilfully used by children. "Some teachers don't allow students to bring cell phones to school, which is actually unlikely to happen. The key is to guide and guide them, so that modern technology can become a tool for children to learn." Lin Leguang said that students do not love to learn by mobile phones, but they have too little learning resources and too many things to play. As an educator, more learning resources based on these platforms should be made.

Artificial intelligence will not subvert the structure of school

For many years, teachers are given priority to in school teaching, and teachers provide services to students. But this pattern is changing. Into the era of artificial intelligence, through data monitoring and analysis, it is easy to determine which teacher has a positive impact on the child. In the future, after the artificial intelligence has developed the students' brains, the teacher can teach according to their aptitude according to the different needs of each person and carry out individualized guidance.

According to the Beijing nine school principals Lin Leguang, and future Tsinghua University College of education signed a cooperation agreement on a small scale, with the consent of the parents, by wearing hoods and bracelets and other equipment, a week in the classroom learning process on the part of students' information collection, the establishment of model and data analysis of students' learning situation. At present, he said, there are teaching assistants in universities, and there are no teaching assistants in primary and secondary schools. In the future, the division of teachers in the school will be more and more fine, some teachers do the pre - student data collection, some teachers guide the team and so on. In Lin Leguang's view, the division of division of labor is generated naturally over time, and does not need to be deliberately trained by the teacher.

AI experts believe that those skills that best reflect the comprehensive quality of human beings are the most valuable and most valuable training and learning skills in the age of AI. For example, man's ability to analyze complex systems, make decisions, and be based on the ability of people to interact with others.

Lin Leguang believes that artificial intelligence will not subvert the structure of the school. School education is not only the ability to teach students, scientific and cultural knowledge, but also to convey the sense of mission and responsibility at the national level and the social level. In addition, there are also the basic principles of interpersonal communication, moral standards and ideological cultivation. But machines are better at teaching the principles of students, and many of the principles have to be realized through the practice of activities. Therefore, the community activities in the school, the atmosphere of the class, and the communication between the students and the class teacher, the teacher of the class are not the substitute for the machine.