激活大数据时代的教育创新

无线校园、智慧课堂、云教室、VR（虚拟现实）实验实训平台……互联网的飞速发展，给教育信息化带来了一个又一个酷炫的新名词、新技术。

但技术本身不是目的。正如教育部副部长杜占元所说，教育信息化应为教育改革发展服务，“通过将信息技术引入教与学的全方位和全过程，最终实现以信息化引领教育理念和教育模式创新，发挥在教育改革和发展中的支撑与引领作用”。

随着教育部首批682个试点完成验收，教育信息化从“点”的突破转向“面”上铺开。“通过在教育教学与教育管理全过程的深入应用，使教学更加个性化、教育更加均衡化、管理更加精细化、决策更加科学化，实现信息时代的人才培养目标”，是2017年教育信息化发展的题中应有之义。

（一）

从几年前的北上广“尝鲜”到如今陆续在乡村学校落地，从各个平台“建起来”到普通师生“用起来”，“互联网+教育”正在飞入寻常学校课堂中。

“今年的一批学校，把我们列进去了！”重庆市江津区吴滩中学校长廖德斌兴奋地说。2017年12月初，这所农村学校开了第一次“智慧校园”项目推进会。在此之前，多媒体教室已全面覆盖，他们期待着2018年与“互联网+教育”进一步亲密接触。

像吴滩中学这样搭上“政策顺风车”的农村校，在2017年不胜枚举。年初，教育部布置年度教育信息化工作要点时，“加快推进农村学校互联网接入，进一步提升学校网络带宽，推进‘无线校园’建设”，是完善教育信息化基础环境建设的首要议题。为了实现中小学“宽带网络校校通”，有关部门没少想辄：结合精准扶贫、宽带中国和贫困村信息化等工作，采取有线、无线、卫星等形式，督促各地在“全面改善贫困地区义务教育薄弱学校基本办学条件”工作中重点保障农村学校信息化建设投入。

2017年底，全国中小学（不含教学点）互联网接入率达88%，84%的学校拥有多媒体教室，总数达290万间，其中55.5%的学校实现多媒体教学设备全覆盖。

也有的地方步子迈得更快一些。浙江嘉兴平湖市与科技公司合作，在职业学校建立网络学习环境，开发了职业生涯导航系统。从岁末年初刘延东副总理在推进职业教育现代化座谈会上的讲话，到8月《教育部关于进一步推进职业教育信息化发展的指导意见》印发，以及一年一度的职校信息化教学大赛、持续经年的职教专业教学资源库建设……职教，2017年仍是走得较快的那条腿。

让平湖市教育局副局长张晓松高兴的不仅是职教信息化的发展。与南京师范大学合作引入的“多元交互式”课堂教学观察平台，已于2017年开始试点，对部分中小学的课堂进行诊断式分析。虽然只是一个普通的县级市，平湖的师生们，也跨进了“互联网+大数据”的门槛。

（二）

“互联网+大数据”是如今最时髦的概念。所谓“大数据”，并非生来就有，也不是拿来就用。共享大数据时代的红利，首先要靠教育资源数据库的不断充实，也要靠每个教育人在互联网不同节点上的智慧运用。

“这学期我们每个老师，平均每月只要备课两到三次。”广东省深圳市平冈中学课程处主任何俊松的话，让人心生疑窦：教师们这样“懒”，能教好学生吗？

这当然是个误会。以学科年级组为单位，将本学期课程划分到不同的“主持人”，再集全备课组之力，为每一堂课做出“精品教学设计”，供全体成员采用。共享云端的每一份智慧，服务于每位教师的个性化教学设计，这是该校本学期为充实备课管理平台数据库推行的一项举措。“老师们备课更专业、更有针对性了，学科教研讨论也更加便捷直观了。”何俊松说。

暂时没有实力建设个性化数据资源库怎么办？国家教育资源公共服务体系框架已基本形成，中小学、职业教育、高等教育、继续教育，以及民族双语和专题教育资源库，均持续扩容。至11月底，该平台已开通教师空间1144万个、学生空间536万个、家长空间474万个、学校和机构空间48万个，并实现与23个省级平台、44个市县级平台互联互通，服务体系注册用户超过6800万人。

全国超过三分之一的学校开通了网络学习空间，是一个巨大的数字，但还不是全部。期待在更远的未来，这样的空间如手机支付那般，不再是一线城市、知名学校的“炫技”，而成为陪伴每个人学习生涯的一部分。

再美好的愿望，都要靠人去实现。浙江省金华市金东区实验小学校长、金东区教育局副局长方青发现，一些农村地区有很多先进的网络设施，但缺少适用的应用软件和熟练掌握技术的教师。为补足短板，整个教育系统都在相应师资的培训上花了大力气，至今已有近1000万名中小学教师、10万多名中小学校长、20多万名职业院校教师接受了信息技术应用能力培训。

当然，学会“用起来”只是第一步。站在教育大数据时代的门口，如何将信息技术用好用深，是教师们要思考的；如何让大数据助力学校管理，是校长们要思考的；如何以教育管理信息化推动教育治理现代化，教育部门的决策者，同样在思考。

（三）

陆续建成的平台、千万量级的用户、踊跃参与的企业……在先行先试转向以点带面的过程中，教育信息化百花齐放，也要防范“群魔乱舞”。“立规矩，讲规矩，守规矩”，技术才能更好地服务于教育的未来。

就在2017年，我国首次实现了各级各类教师信息全面入库，人数达1500多万，为每一名教师建立了电子档案，同时开发了业务管理系统，支持教师培训学分管理、教师调动、教师交流轮岗等核心工作。3月，《教育部关于全面推进教师管理信息化的意见》《全国教师管理信息系统管理暂行办法》两大制度同时出台。

这只是2017年出台的教育信息化相关制度的一部分。《教育信息化专项—教育业务管理信息系统子项目管理细则（试行）》《一流网络安全学院建设示范项目管理办法》……以及关于《基础教育教学资源元数据》《交互式电子白板》等一系列行业标准的确立，为当下多元参与的教育信息化领域，进一步明确了功能定位、权利责任，也指向了教育管理信息化和教育治理现代化更好的未来。

谈及教育信息化今后的发展方向，杜占元指出，应着力实现从服务教育自身到服务国家经济社会发展、从服务课堂学习到支撑网络化的泛在学习、从服务教育教学到服务育人全过程、从服务一般性教育管理到全面提升教育治理能力的“四个拓展”。

教育信息化已然走向服务社会。2017年“互联网+”大学生创新创业大赛期间，百余参赛队伍奔赴延安，通过“青年红色筑梦之旅”实践活动，17个参赛项目和19个延安当地政府部门、学校、合作社、企业以及农户签订了43项落地合作协议，预计帮助建档贫困户不少于200户。

西安电子科技大学2010级校友张旺和他的“创客”小伙伴一道给习近平总书记写信，汇报了参加“青年红色筑梦之旅”的成长与收获。总书记希望大学生创新创业团队，扎根中国大地了解国情民情，在创新创业中增长智慧才干，在艰苦奋斗中锤炼意志品质，在亿万人民为实现中国梦而进行的伟大奋斗中实现人生价值，用青春书写无愧于时代、无愧于历史的华彩篇章。

来源：人民网

Educational innovation in the era of big data activation

A few years ago from North Canton "early adopters" to now begin in the village school ground, from each platform "built up" to the ordinary teachers and students with it, "Internet plus education" is entered into the school classroom.

"A lot of schools this year, put us in!" Liao Debin, the president of Wu Tan middle school in Jiangjin District, Chongqing, said excitedly. At the beginning of December 2017, the rural school opened the first "smart campus" project will promote. Prior to this, the multimedia classroom has been fully covered, they look forward to 2018 and the "Internet plus education" to further close contact.

A policy of "free ride" in rural schools such as Wu Tan middle school in 2017, be too numerous to enumerate. At the beginning of the year, when the Ministry of education arranged the key points of the annual education informatization, accelerating the promotion of Internet access in rural schools, further enhancing the school network bandwidth and promoting the construction of wireless campus is the primary topic for improving the basic environment construction of educational informatization. In order to achieve the primary and secondary school link broadband networks ", the relevant departments to do no less: the combination of precise poverty, and poverty Chinese broadband village information work, take wired, wireless and satellite and other forms of supervision over the overall improvement of compulsory education in poor schools in poor areas of the school conditions in rural schools" focus on the protection of information construction investment.

At the end of 2017, the Internet access rate of primary and secondary schools (excluding teaching sites) reached 88%, 84% of the schools had multimedia classrooms, and the total number reached 2 million 900 thousand, of which 55.5% of the schools realized the full coverage of multimedia teaching equipment.

There are some local steps towards faster. In Jiaxing, Zhejiang, Pinghu City, in cooperation with science and technology companies, set up a network learning environment in vocational schools and developed a career navigation system. From the beginning of the end of the Deputy Prime Minister Liu Yandong in the forum to promote the modernization of education occupation meeting on August, "the Ministry of education to further promote the development of education information occupation guidance" issued, and once a year vocational school information teaching contest, years of vocational education teaching resources construction...... Vocational education, 2017 is still a faster walking leg.

Zhang Xiaosong, the deputy director of the Pinghu Bureau of education, is not only happy with the development of the information technology of vocational education. The "multi interaction" classroom observation platform introduced by Nanjing Normal University has been launched in 2017.  Although just an ordinary county-level city, Pinghu teachers and students, also entered the "Internet plus big data threshold.

(two)

"Internet plus big data" is now the most fashionable. The so-called "big data" is not born, nor is it used. Sharing dividends in the era of big data must first depend on the continuous enrichment of educational resources database, and also the wisdom of every educating person on different nodes of the Internet.

"Each of our teachers in this semester, on average, is prepared for two to three times a month." Guangdong province Shenzhen City Hiraoka school curriculum director He Junsong, mind the suspicion: "lazy", so the teachers can teach the students?

This is a misunderstanding, of course. The subject grade group as a unit, this semester curriculum is divided into different "host", and then set the perfect course group, make excellent teaching design for each class, for all members of the. Sharing every wisdom of cloud and serving the individualized instructional design of every teacher is a measure to carry out the database for enriching lesson preparation management platform.  "Teachers prepare lessons more professionally, more targeted, subject teaching and research is also more convenient and intuitive." He Junsong said.

How to build personalized data repositories without strength for the time being? The framework of the national education resources public service system has basically taken shape. Primary and secondary schools, vocational education, higher education, continuing education, and ethnic bilingual and thematic education resources repository have continued to expand. To the end of November, the platform has opened 11 million 440 thousand students, teachers in space space 5 million 360 thousand, parents, schools and institutions of 4 million 740 thousand space space 480 thousand, and the 23 provincial platform, 44 county-level platform interoperability, service system of registered users more than 68 million people.

More than 1/3 of the schools nationwide have opened network learning space, which is a huge number, but not all. Looking forward to the future, such a space, such as mobile payment, is no longer a "showy skill" of first tier cities and famous schools, but also a part of learning life for everyone.

A good desire is to be realized by people. Fang Qing, deputy director of Jindong Experimental Primary School and Jindong District Education Bureau, Jinhua, Zhejiang, found that some rural areas have many advanced network facilities, but there is a lack of applicable software and skilled teachers. In order to make up for the short board, the whole educational system has made great efforts in training corresponding teachers. Up to now, nearly 10 million primary and secondary school teachers, 100 thousand primary and secondary school principals and about 200000 vocational college teachers have received information technology application ability training.

Of course, it's only the first step to learn to use it. In the era of big data entrance education, how to integrate information technology with good depth, is the teachers to think; how to make big data help school management and principals is to think about how to promote the informatization of education management; education management modernization, education policymakers also in thinking.

(three)

The platform built in succession, the tens of millions of users, the enthusiastically participating enterprises... In the first try to turn in the process of education informatization is to guard against "Demons and monsters danced like mad. All flowers bloom together.". "Standing rules"