中国杂技如何更好地“走出去”

                How does Chinese acrobatics better "go out"

10月3日下午，本届杂技节首场比赛（A场）在河北艺术中心拉开帷幕。图为演出现场。记者 田瑞夫 耿辉摄

　　吴桥杂技节既是赛场，也是市场。

　　当下，我国杂技事业正处于最好的发展时期，许多杂技院团随着改革的深入推进，创作活力日益被激发出来，在面向市场、服务群众的过程中不断发展壮大；杂技、马戏、魔术、滑稽等各类节目表演水平逐步提高，产生了一大批优秀作品，在国际市场上备受青睐。

　　面对日新月异的世界杂技舞台和演出商日益挑剔的目光，以技巧见长的中国杂技如何更好地“走出去”，在竞争激烈的国际市场保持优势，闯出一片新天地？围绕这一问题，笔者在本届杂技节上进行了采访。

　　把握内核：民族的才是世界的

　　“杂技艺术要持续发展，不仅需要创新，还需要保持自己的民族特色。”在本届杂技节国际马戏论坛上，中美洲大学马戏艺术学院教授胡里奥·莱弗莱多·卡迪那斯表示，中国杂技历史悠久，技艺高超，极具中国特色的技艺、编排、配乐、服饰等，常常令人眼前一亮。胡里奥认为，中国杂技在走向世界时，非常注重吸收各国所长，在继承传统的基础上推陈出新，但同时也应当注意，不要丢掉具有民族特色的东西。

　　由河北省杂技团演艺有限公司创排的《搏回蓝天——女子集体车技》，前不久刚刚斩获第十届中国杂技金菊奖杂技节目奖。本届杂技节上，该节目在开幕式演出精彩亮相后，就接到了德国、美国等国外演出商的邀请，并达成了初步的合作意向。河北省杂技团演艺有限公司经理陈书镇告诉笔者，节目中呈现出来的“莲花”造型颇具东方审美意蕴，将演员的技巧、平衡能力以及中华民族的顽强拼搏精神淋漓尽致地展现出来，这也是该节目吸引观众不可或缺的一个方面。

　　“走国际市场需要研究国外的受众和市场需求，但决不能因此一味迎合国外观众的审美取向，不能丢掉中国的文化元素和精神内核。归根到底还是那句老话，只有民族的才是世界的。”湖南省杂技艺术剧院有限公司总经理赵双午说。由他们剧院创排的杂技剧《梦之旅》以中国文化元素为主题，呈现出浓郁的东方风韵。该剧去年下半年在美国进行了为期3个月的巡演，走过73个城市，共演出102场，有效传播了中华优秀传统文化，促进了中美文化的交流。

　　打造品牌：争取更多话语权和主导权

　　“其实中国杂技走出去的脚步一直没有停歇，在世界各地，常常能看到中国杂技艺术家的身影。在新的历史时期，中国杂技需要建构自己独特的文化品牌，唯有这样，走出去的步子才能踏得更实、更稳。”省政协副主席、本届杂技节评委会主席边发吉说。

　　笔者在采访中发现，杂技剧目的整体输出，无疑对杂技文化品牌的建构起到了重要作用。“《梦之旅》在国外的演出实践证明，精彩纷呈的杂技剧，往往会给国外观众留下一个深刻、完整的印象，而不是模糊、浅显的认识，这对打造品牌很有帮助。”赵双午说。

　　杂技剧目的整体输出，有益于演出院团在国外市场拥有更多的话语权和主导权。“我们把单个节目拿出去，跟演出商谈好价钱，这个节目在哪里上演，以何种形式上演，往往由不得我们，演员们的付出和回报常常不成正比。”陈书镇说，这种形式下的商演，杂技院团几乎没有话语权和主导权，相应的利润也很少。如果能拿一整台剧目进行巡演，那情况则完全不同。

　　河北省杂技团演艺有限公司的大型杂技精品剧目《秀·技》，整合了《地圈》《女子集体车技》《流星》《蹬伞》《女子造型》《晃梯顶技》等多个获得国内外大奖的节目，突出杂技艺术的本体性，以“炫技”为主线把各个节目有机地连接起来，用杂技艺术展示现代人与大自然的和谐之美、创造之美与力量之美。“《秀·技》去年在以色列进行了为期10个月的巡演，受到观众的热烈欢迎。这样一场惊险又精彩的剧目完整看下来，观众想不记住都难。”陈书镇说。

　　培养人才：亟需拓宽渠道创新模式

　　走向国际市场，离不开高素质的杂技人才。

　　“出于对自身发展的考虑，国外演员往往在高中毕业后才开始学习杂技技巧和专业知识。这个年龄段的人思想相对成熟，动作语言较丰富，有利于技艺创新，演员的表现力相较于国内而言就比较强。”带团参加本届杂技节惠民演出的深圳市福永杂技艺术团总经理王召认为，国内杂技的人才培养模式需要适当转型。“接受过良好教育的演员，能够把自己的想法很好地与编剧、舞美、导演沟通，从而使节目更加完善。而国内许多演员从小就开始练习杂技技巧，文化课只是作为辅助。由于知识的局限性，演员们在练习时有什么好的想法，不能及时地表达出来，这对节目而言也是一种遗憾。”

　　“杂技表演有时需要注入灵魂。”陈书镇说，有些人在舞台上表演时，仅仅把它当成一项工作来完成，而不是当成事业来做，就会缺乏情感的投入和灵魂的注入，这些人能成为一名优秀的杂技演员，却无法成为杂技表演艺术家，这样的节目走出去自然难以打开市场。

　　许多业内人士表示，中国杂技走出去，还需加强杂技后备人才的培养。只有加强杂技学校师资队伍建设，拓宽培训渠道，创新教学模式，才能培养更多技艺精湛、一专多能的高素质杂技人才。

来源：河北日报

 How does Chinese acrobatics better "go out"

In the afternoon of October 3rd, the first game of the acrobatic Festival (A field) was opened at the Hebei Art Center. The picture is the show. Reporter Tian Ruifu Geng Hui

The Wuqiao acrobatic Festival is both the venue and the market.

At present, China's acrobatic career is at the best period of development, many acrobatic troupes with the deepening of reforms, increasingly creative vitality was inspired, in the process of market oriented, serving the masses in the continuous development and expansion; acrobatics, circus, magic, etc. all kinds of funny performance levels gradually increase, resulting in a large number of outstanding works. Favored in the international market.

Facing the increasingly fastidious gaze of the world acrobatic stage and producers, how can Chinese acrobatics with better skills go out better and win a new field in the fierce competition in the international market? Around this problem, I interviewed this acrobatic Festival.

Grasp the core: the nation is the world

"Acrobatic art needs to continue to develop, not only needs innovation, but also needs to maintain its own national characteristics." In this Acrobatic Circus International Forum, Professor Julio Lefredo Kadina School of art in the circus American University says, Chinese acrobatics has a long history, superb skills, very Chinese characteristic techniques, choreography, music, costumes, often impressive. Julio thinks that when Chinese acrobatics goes to the world, it attaches great importance to the absorption of directors from all over the world, and brings forth new ideas on the basis of inheriting tradition. At the same time, we should also pay attention to not losing national characteristics.

The Hebei acrobatic troupe performing arts company created the "fight back to the blue sky - the women's collective skills", shortly before the tenth Chinese gains just chrysanthemum award acrobatic show award. At the acrobatic Festival, after the wonderful performance of the opening ceremony, the program received the invitation from overseas producers such as Germany and the United States, and reached a preliminary cooperation intention. Hebei acrobatic troupe performing arts company manager Chen Shuzhen told the author, presented in the program of "Lotus" style quite Oriental aesthetic implication, the actor's skill, ability of balance and the Chinese nation's indomitable spirit most incisive unfold, this is also the one program to attract an audience.

"We need to study foreign audiences and market demand in the international market, but we must never cater to the aesthetic orientation of foreign audiences. We cannot lose the cultural elements and spiritual core of China. In the final analysis, it is the old saying that only the nation is the world. " Zhao Shuangwu, the general manager of the Hunan Acrobatic Art Theater Co., Ltd., said. The tour of the acrobatic drama created by their theaters, the theme of Chinese cultural elements, presents a strong oriental charm. In the second half of last year, the play went on a 3 month tour in the United States. It went through 73 cities, and performed 102 games. It effectively spread the fine traditional Chinese culture and promoted the cultural exchanges between China and the United States.

Create brand: strive for more discourse power and dominant power

"As a matter of fact, the footsteps of Chinese acrobatics have not been stopped. In all parts of the world, Chinese acrobatic artists are often seen. In the new historical period, Chinese acrobatics need to build its own unique cultural brand. Only in this way can the acrobatics step out of the way to be more solid and more stable. " Vice chairman of the Provincial Committee of the Political Consultative Conference and chairman of the Committee of the acrobatic Festival said.

In the interview, I found that the overall output of the acrobatic drama has played an important role in the construction of acrobatic culture brand. The practice of "dream trip" in foreign countries has proved that wonderful acrobatic dramas often leave a deep and complete impression on foreign audiences, rather than vague and superficial knowledge, which is very helpful for building brands. Zhao Shuangwu said.

Acrobatic show overall output, beneficial to the performance troupes in foreign markets have more voice and leadership. "We take the single program out and talk about the price with the performance. Where the program is put on and how to play it is often unacceptable to us. The actors' efforts and rewards are often not directly proportional." Chen Shuzhen said, this form of commercial speech, acrobatic troupes have almost no right to speak and the leading power, the corresponding profit rarely. If you can take a whole repertoire for a tour, the situation is quite different.

Hebei acrobatic troupe performing arts limited acrobatic show - "fine plays tricks", the integration of "circle" "women's cycling" collective "meteor" "push" umbrella "woman modeling" "multiple" balancing on an upright ladder top technology won awards at home and abroad show, highlighting the ontology of acrobatics, "virtuoso" as the main line to connect the various programs organically with the acrobatic art exhibition of modern man and nature harmonious beauty, to create beauty and the beauty of strength. "Show skill" carried out a 10 - month tour in Israel last year and was warmly welcomed by the audience. It is difficult for the audience to remember that such a thrilling and wonderful repertoire is fully seen. " Chen Shuzhen said.

Cultivating talents: it is urgent to broaden the mode of channel innovation

To the international market, it is inseparable from high quality acrobatics.

"For the sake of its own development, foreign actors often begin to learn acrobatic skills and expertise after high school graduation. The people of this age are relatively mature, the action language is rich, it is beneficial to the innovation of skills, and the expressiveness of the actors is stronger than that in the country. Shenzhen Fu who took part in the present acrobatic Festival Huimin performance