“新一线”城市 “95后”就业首选

伴随着各大高校应届毕业生求职招聘会的陆续开展，社会各界再次将目光聚焦到大学生就业问题。

今年，“慢择业”成为大学生求职中的一个热词。专业人士分析认为，近两年会出现大学生“慢择业”趋势，很重要的一点是，随着社会发展，部分家庭不再给孩子施加就业压力，“没有理想的单位就再等等看”成为不少学生找工作时的心态。

“95后”大学毕业生如何定义“理想的单位”呢？腾讯教育-麦可思的大学毕业生求职意向调查，收回2018年应届毕业生的有效答卷共2414份。

1 “新一线”城市 对男生吸引力更大

调查研究显示，总体来看，2018届毕业生就业首选“新一线”城市（成都、杭州、南京、武汉、天津、西安、重庆、青岛等15个城市）比例达到37%，而首选传统一线城市（北京、上海、广州、深圳）的仍高达31%。

但不同学历毕业生对首选就业地期待存在差异。具体来看，硕士及以上学历毕业生中，44%仍将资源更为丰富的“北上广深”作为首选就业地，比选择“新一线”城市群体比例（37%）高出7个百分点。但本科及大专学历的毕业生首选“北上广深”就业的比例，则比选择“新一线”城市比例（本科：39%，大专：34%）分别低11个、9个百分点。

如果对同等学历下不同性别2018届大学毕业生首选就业地进行分析则又可以发现，“新一线”城市对男生的吸引力明显高于女生。具体来看，硕士及以上学历的男生中，41%就业首选“新一线”城市，比同等学力女生该比例（31%）高10个百分点。本科学历的男生中，40%就业首选“新一线”城市，比同等学力女生该比例（37%）高3个百分点。大专学历的男生中，36%就业首选“新一线”城市，比同等学力女生该比例（32%）高4个百分点。

在传统一线城市的生活成本不断上涨导致生活压力增大的同时，“新一线”城市纷纷推出落户、购房等吸引人才政策，这可能是大学毕业生，尤其是购房压力更大的男生，更愿意将“新一线”城市作为首选就业地的主要原因。

2 就业地不同 单位类型存明显差异

数据显示，在用人单位类型的选择上，2018届大学毕业生中超过四成表示“没有要求，只要适合都可以”。

如果首选就业地不同，大学毕业生对用人单位类型的要求还是存在明显差异的。传统一线城市中，“中外合资、外资、独资”企业对毕业生的吸引力相对更高，有20%的大学毕业生将其作为首选用人单位。

在“其他各省省会及副省级城市”和“地级市及以下”，“政府机构、科研或其他事业单位”对毕业生的吸引力明显相对更高，分别有23%、27%的大学毕业生将其作为首选用人单位。“国有企业”在各类城市中均具有相对较高吸引力，近两成毕业生将其作为首选用人单位。

3 关注个人发展空间 成求职首要因素

工资收入是大学毕业生找工作时不能回避的问题。

本次研究对大学毕业生求职时能够接受的最低月收入范围进行了调查。数据显示，硕士及以上学历毕业生对薪资要求较高，44%能接受最低月收入范围为8000元以上；73%的本科学历毕业生表示，3000至6000元是能接受最低月收入范围；大专学历的毕业生能接受最低月收入范围普遍在5000元以下，并且有22%表示可以接受月收入3000元以下的工作。硕士及以上学历毕业生对薪资要求较高，除了他们对自身学历所能产生价值期待较高外，可能还与他们倾向于在生活成本更高的一线城市工作、需要高工资满足日常开销有关。

福利待遇中“租房补助”最具吸引力。数据显示，“个人发展空间”（76.6%）是2018届大学毕业生求职时最看重的因素，其后依次为“薪资”（68.6%）、“福利待遇”（56.3%）、“是否符合自己的兴趣爱好”（46.4%）。在同等薪资条件下，除五险一金、带薪年假等常规福利外，“租房补助”（66.0%），“教育培训”（57.8%），“旅游、拓展”（46.8%）是即将踏入职场的大学毕业生认为最具吸引力的三项福利待遇。（麦可思）

来源：北京日报

The first choice of "the 95 post" in the "new frontline" City

With the development of employment recruitment meetings of college graduates, all walks of life focus on the problem of College Students' employment again.

This year, "slow job selection" has become a hot word for college students to apply for a job. Professional analysts believe that there will be nearly two years of college students "employment slow" trend, the important point is that with the development of society, some families do not give children exert pressure on employment, "there is no ideal unit will wait and see when looking for a job as many students mentality.

How do college graduates define "ideal units" after "95"? University graduates survey Tencent education Mycos, effectively returning the questionnaires and a total of 2414 graduates in 2018.

1 "new frontline" cities are more attractive to boys

The investigation shows that, overall, 2018 graduate employment first "new line" city (Chengdu, Hangzhou, Nanjing, Wuhan, Tianjin, Xi'an, Chongqing, Qingdao and other 15 city) ratio reached 37%, while the choice of traditional first-tier cities (Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen) is still as high as 31%.

However, there is a difference in the expectation of the first choice employment place for the graduates with different academic qualifications. Specifically, 44% of the graduates with master's degree or above still have more abundant resources "Bei Shang Guang Shen" as the preferred employment area, which is 7 percentage points higher than the proportion of the "new front-line" urban group (37%). However, the proportion of graduates who have a bachelor's degree or junior college degree is the first choice of "north to Guangzhou and Shenzhen" employment, which is 11 or 9 percentage points lower than the proportion of new front-line cities (Undergraduate: 39%, junior college: 34%).

If we analyze the first place of employment of 2018 college graduates with the same educational background and gender, we can also find that the attraction of new front-line cities to boys is significantly higher than that of girls. In specific terms, 41% of the male students with master's and above education were first selected as "new frontline" cities, which was 10 percentage points higher than that of the same schoolgirls (31%). Among the boys with a bachelor's degree, 40% of the first "new frontline" cities were first chosen, 3 percentage points higher than that of the same schoolgirls (37%). Among the boys of college education, 36% of the first "new frontline" cities were first chosen, which was 4 percentage points higher than that of the same schoolgirls (32%).

In the traditional first-tier cities rising cost of living caused pressure increasing at the same time, the new line city have launched the purchase settled policies to attract talent, this may be the university graduates, especially the purchase of more pressure on boys, more willing to be "new line" city as the main reason for the choice of employment.

2 there are obvious differences in the types of units in the employment place

According to the data, more than 40% of the 2018 college graduates in the selection of employers said "no requirement, so long as they are suitable."

If the preferred place of employment is different, there is a significant difference between the college graduates' requirements for the type of employers. In the traditional first tier cities, the attraction of "Sino foreign joint ventures, foreign capital and sole proprietorship" is relatively higher for graduates. 20% of college graduates regard them as the preferred employing units.

In other provinces and sub provincial cities and prefecture level cities, the attractiveness of the "government agencies, research institutes or other institutions" is relatively higher for graduates. 23% or 27% of college graduates regard them as the preferred employers. "State-owned enterprises" in all kinds of cities have relatively high attraction, nearly 20% graduates take it as the preferred employer.

3 paying attention to individual development space is the primary factor for job hunting

Wage income is an unavoidable problem for college graduates to find jobs.

This study investigates the minimum monthly income that college graduates can accept when they apply for a job. Data show that the master degree graduates requires high salary, 44% can accept the lowest monthly income range is 8000 yuan; 73% of the graduates said, 3000 to 6000 yuan is to accept the lowest monthly income range; college graduates can accept the lowest monthly income range is generally below 5000 yuan, and 22% said you can receive a monthly income of 3000 yuan for the following work. Graduates with master's degree or above have higher salary requirements. Besides their high expectations for their academic credential, they may also be related to their tendency to work in the first tier cities with higher cost of living, requiring high wages and meeting daily expenses.

The "rental subsidy" is the most attractive in the welfare treatment. Data show that the "personal development space" (76.6%) is the most important factor for the 2018 graduates when they apply for jobs, followed by "salary" (68.6%), "welfare treatment" (56.3%), and "whether they are in line with their interests and hobbies" (46.4%). Under the same conditions except salary, five social insurance and one housing fund and paid annual leave regular benefits, "rent subsidy" (66%), "education and training" (57.8%), "tourism and development" (46.8%) is about to enter the job market of college graduates think the three most attractive benefits. (Mike)

Source: Beijing daily