九九消寒图：庭前垂柳珍重待春风

原标题：冬至始画消寒图

兰若

前几天跟同事们聊起北方过冬的旧俗，就说起了“九九消寒图”。

第一次见到“九九消寒图”是在电视剧《雍正王朝》中。含饴弄孙的康熙皇帝带着弘历将悬于堂中木影壁上的中空字的笔画描黑，他告诉弘历，每天描一笔，字都描黑的时候，春天就到了。

第二次看到的是“九九消寒图”的实物。一次偶然的机会，到了没有对外开放的故宫养心殿的寝殿参观。在一个暖阁旁的雕花隔断上，就粘有一张大约三十二开大小的宣纸。上面是细细的笔画，写的就是“庭前垂柳珍重待春风”几个字。有同去的同事问，这是什么？陪同的解说大姐说：消寒图。

据邓云乡先生的《燕京乡土记》中的说法，描画“九九消寒图”是旧时北京流传了几百年的风俗。他提到了《帝京景物略》中的记载：

“日冬至，画素梅一支，为瓣八十有一，日染一瓣，瓣尽而九九出，则春深矣。曰‘九九消寒图’。”

据邓先生说，现在通行的《帝京景物略》是经过纪昀，也就是纪晓岚删节的，原来书中曾有不少引诗，都被他老人家删节了去。其中有一首杨允孚的诗，写的就是消寒图：

“试数窗间九九图，余寒消尽暖回初。梅花点遍无余白，看到今朝是杏株。”

画梅，还只是“九九消寒图”中的一种，还有一种更简单、更普通的是印圆圈的。

‘九九消寒图’最简单、最普通的画法，是把一张白纸，先画九个大方格，上面写上图名，边上写上《九九歌》。每个大方格中，再用竹笔帽印九个圆圈圈，从冬至日起，每天用墨笔点一个圈。点的时候而且还有规矩，点时只点一部分，以区别不同的天气。有歌词云：

“‘上画阴、下画晴，左风右雨雪当中。’就是说如是阴天，把红色圈圈的上面一半染黑，如是晴天，把下面一半染黑，其余以此类推。等到把红圈圈全部点染完毕，便是回黄转绿之际矣。这样点，便于计算阴晴雨雪天数，照《京都风俗志》的说法，还有‘以占来年丰歉’的意义在里面。”（据邓云乡《燕京乡土记》）

描写“庭前垂柳珍重待春风”的笔画，也是“九九消寒图”的一种形式。邓云乡先生对此也有记述：

“最喜欢弄‘九九消寒图’的，莫过于私塾及学校中的小学生了。他们的消寒图，最普通莫过于写‘庭前垂柳珍重待春风’九字了。先用毛笔写好，再用一张白纸蒙上，用双钩的办法，把这九个字用红笔（当时叫朱笔）影写下来，便都是空心字了。这九个字每字九划，按笔划每天描一笔，描完之后，正好垂柳回黄，意义双关，是很别致的一幅‘九九消寒图’。”（邓云乡《燕京乡土记》）

三种“九九消寒图”中，我自己最偏爱第三种，因为我喜欢那几个字所传递的意思：珍重、待、春风，充满着温暖的希望与期待。

来源：美术报

            99 Xiao Han figure: Court weeping before the treasure spring

A few days ago with my colleagues chatted about the northern winter customs, speaking of the "99 Xiao Han figure".

The first time to see the "99 cold map" was in the TV drama "the Yong Zheng Dynasty". The emperor Kangxi hanyinongsun hollow words with Hong Li hung on the wooden screen hall strokes painted black, he told Hong Li, a description of every day, when words are painted black, the spring comes.

The second time to see is the "99 elimination cold map". A chance to visit the dorm Hall of the the Imperial Palace, which is not open to the outside world. On a carved block beside a warm Pavilion, there is a piece of paper that is about thirty-two open and small. It is fine to write strokes, is the "treasure court weeping before the spring breeze" words. The co - worker asked, "what is this?" Accompanied by the explanation of the elder sister: the elimination of cold map.

According to Mr. Deng Yunxiang's "Yanjing Local Records", it is a custom to trace the "99 elimination cold map" for hundreds of years in Beijing. He referred to the "imperial" recorded in the scenery:

"The day of the winter solstice, draw a eighty flap for Al, a day with a flap, flap, as well as 99, is deep spring. Say, "99 elimination cold map."

According to Mr. Deng said, "the current Royal Plaza features a little" after Ji Yun, Ji Xiaolan is abridged, the original book had a lot of poem, he has been abridged to. There is a poem by Yang Yunfu, which is written by the anti cold map.

"Try to count the 99 pictures between the windows. Plum blossom has no more than white, see this is the apricot plant. "

Painting plum, is only one of "99 anti cold maps", and a simpler and more ordinary one is a circle.

"99 Xiao Han figure" the most simple, the most common method is put a piece of paper, draw nine big box, write the name on the side write "99 song". Each elegant lattice, and bamboo cap printed nine circles, from the winter solstice, every day with a pen point circle. At the time of the point and the rules, the point is only part of the point to distinguish the different weather. There is a cloud of lyrics:

"The painting is cloudy, the lower painting is clear, the left wind and the right rain and snow." That is to say, if it is cloudy, the upper half of the red circle is black, such as sunny, black in the lower half, and the rest of the other. Wait until the red circle with all finished, it is the occasion to be Huihuangzhuanlv. It is easy to calculate, cloudy or sunny rain snow days, according to the "Kyoto customs records" argument, and "to account for the harvest next year's meaning in the inside." (according to Deng Yunxiang's "Yanjing Local Records")

The description of "treasure court weeping before the spring breeze" strokes, is also a form of "99 Xiao Han figure". Mr. Deng Yunxiang also notes that:

"The most fond of" 99 elimination cold map ", no more than the private school and school pupils. Xiao Han figure them, the most common is the "treasure court weeping before the spring breeze" nine words. First with a brush to write, then a piece of paper covered with a hook to the red pen for the nine words (then called brush) are all hollow imitate down words. These nine words every word of nine row, according to a description of every stroke, tracing after just willow yellow, meaning pun, is a unique "99 Xiao Han figure."." (Deng Yunxiang's "Yanjing vernacular")

Among the three "99 cold cuts", I most like third kinds, because I like the meaning of those words: cherish, wait, spring breeze, full of warm hope and expectation.

Source: Art Newspaper