国家大剧院十周年 深耕创作提升“中国影响”

原标题：深耕创作，提升“中国影响”

　　歌剧《长征》剧照。凌风摄

　　“几场票都卖完了吗？”某票务网站的页面上，一位观众在歌剧《长征》的购票链接下留言问道。当时还是月初，距12月21日的首演还有一段时间，可接连4天的场次皆已变“灰”（无票）。其实，这已是原创中国史诗歌剧《长征》的第三轮演出了，依旧一票难求。

　　近几年，包括《长征》《金沙江畔》在内的多部国家大剧院原创歌剧在京城掀起热潮，话剧《李尔王》《样式雷》《威尼斯商人》相继上演，舞剧《马可·波罗》、歌剧《骆驼祥子》则走出国门。十年时间，国家大剧院从西方的土壤中借鉴剧目制作经验，深深镌刻上“NCPA（国家大剧院英文缩写）制作”的烙印，结出了中国文化的累累硕果。

　　爆款

　　中国故事点燃观众热情

　　2017年，有两个瞬间在大剧院的史册里定格——

　　7月，原创民族歌剧《金沙江畔》上演，谢幕时，三名观众激动地冲上舞台。她们与主创热烈拥抱后，把手中哈达戴在了主创的脖子上。

　　9月，原创话剧《样式雷》开启第四轮演出。建筑世家传人雷思起，带着儿子儿媳，“扑通”一声跪在了圆明园满目疮痍的废墟之上……现场，许多观众不禁潸然泪下。

　　创作一部剧，难；创作一部传得开、留得住的剧，更难。可在国家大剧院的创作“菜单”上，出一部，立一部，满满的“中国韵味”感染无数观众。展现北京人精神底蕴的《王府井》，“轻生死、重然诺”的歌剧《赵氏孤儿》，取材于《左传》典籍的京剧《天下归心》，无不从中国优秀传统文化中汲取营养。纪念革命者的歌剧《方志敏》，向工农红军致敬的史诗歌剧《长征》，极具康藏风情的《金沙江畔》，则用歌剧这门世界语言传唱着动人的红色情怀。

　　十年间，大剧院自制剧目年平均销售率突破85%，比年演出平均售票率高出5个百分点。其中，《长征》三度热演，每轮演出都提前售空，《金沙江畔》也在首演前售罄。作家莫言大为叹服：“把主旋律题材写得这么丰满，不容易！”其实，并非“主旋律”不好看，是艺术品质拙劣的“主旋律”不好看；也不是“民族特色”“中国气派”这些词汇太过宏大，而是有的作品没有找到依托于人心的情感契合点、心灵共鸣点。

　　大剧院精心打磨的一个个剧目，还在国际大舞台上绽放。

　　2012年，京剧《赤壁》在欧洲三国掀起中国“京剧热”。2015年，意大利米兰世博会上迎来原创舞剧《马可·波罗》，大剧院全体演员身着戏装，在世博会园区巡游。同一年，《骆驼祥子》也把黄包车“拉”到了“世界歌剧的大本营”意大利，进行多城巡演，意大利国家电视台（RAI）为此全程录制。这是他们第一次录制中国歌剧作品，这对国外歌剧作品来说，是史无前例的最高礼遇。

　　致敬

　　为世界经典盖上“中国印”

　　如果你是一位常年“泡”在剧场的观剧党，今年一定很忙碌：从年初的《拉美莫尔的露琪亚》，到夏秋时节的《特里斯坦与伊索尔德》，再到刚刚欢乐上演的《法斯塔夫》……仅在国家大剧院的舞台上，今年一年时间里就有新制作剧目9部、复排剧目18部登场，其中相当一部分是世界经典剧目。

　　这些经典之作看似冷门，实则版本十分考究。其中，瓦格纳的歌剧《特里斯坦与伊索尔德》，是国家大剧院与美国大都会歌剧院、华沙波兰国家歌剧院、德国巴登-巴登节日剧院联合制作的。舞台被打造成立体的“九宫格”，演员们穿着风衣高歌，唱出了谍战大片的特效感，一时轰动京城。

　　马林斯基剧院、维也纳国家歌剧院、英国皇家歌剧院……国家大剧院以开放包容的胸襟，一次次与蜚声国际的艺术同行携手，吸纳多元文化精髓。“联合制作的最终目的在于本土化的落实，经过这么多年的联合制作，我们的制作水平已达世界一流。”国家大剧院剧目制作部部长韦兰芬十分自豪。据统计，大剧院建院十年来共制作包括歌剧、话剧、舞剧、京剧在内的剧目76部。

　　世界经典，中国面孔。国家大剧院世界经典剧目的舞台上并非全是金发碧眼，此前活跃在国际舞台上的不少华人歌唱家纷纷“回家”了。著名女高音歌唱家孙秀苇干脆把生活重心从国外转移到北京，她在大剧院的演出次数多到自己都数不清，“大剧院总介绍我是老朋友，可我觉得自己就是大剧院的家人。”

　　“国家大剧院的歌剧演出中，除了外邀国外演员，每次必备一组中国演员，这是我们作为国家表演艺术中心的责任。因为我们制作的歌剧如果没有中国演员参演就等于巨大的资源浪费，中国青年歌剧演员也会失去历练与学习的机会。”大剧院院长陈平如此说道。

　　速度

　　十年打造NCPA“梦工厂”

　　大剧院剧目制作秉持“匠心”之外，还不忘培育“匠才”。“大剧院十年来最重要的是培养了一批人。当年一个个小年轻，现在都成了独当一面的艺术管理者。”在著名导演陈薪伊看来，剧目生产体系的建立和充满“工匠精神”的制作团队，造就了大剧院十年剧目制作的“井喷”之势。

　　“国家大剧院不是剧场，而是集演出经营、剧目制作、艺术普及教育、艺术交流、殿堂经营和创意产品开发于一身的多元化、多功能的国家表演艺术中心。”国家大剧院在建院之初就有了明确的功能定位。

　　把剧目生产当作核心竞争力，制作体系的建立就尤为重要。2009年起，国家大剧院剧目制作组、合唱团、管弦乐团、歌剧演员队、剧目制作部、戏剧演员队相继成立。如今，一套包含演出运营系统、剧目生产制作系统等17大系统、24个部门、124个科组的组织架构已经完备。

　　舞台监督李根实的快速成长印证了大剧院剧目制作体系的发展。2009年，他到大剧院实习时，甚至不知道舞台监督具体干什么。后来，世界歌剧导演赞贝罗手把手教授，李根实从“看别人做”，慢慢成长到“和别人一起做”。现在的他完全可以“自己做”，每跟一部歌剧，他都能拿出一本三四百页的监督工作日志。“即便多年后舞台监督不再是我，别人拿着这本工作日志，也能像看说明书一样把演出排演出来。”李根实说。

　　“中国国家大剧院制作剧目的速度、质量让世界瞩目！如今，西方艺术界都将目光聚焦在这个东方新朋友身上。”著名导演赞贝罗对大剧院竖起了大拇指。国家大剧院——这座剧目制作的梦工厂，用十年时间，在东方的中国、北京的长安街畔，稳固屹立。

Original title: deep ploughing creation to promote "Chinese influence"

The opera "Long March". Lingfeng perturbed

"Are all the tickets sold out?" On the page of a ticketing website, an audience asked in a message under the link of the opera "Long March". It was at the beginning of the month, from the December 21st premiere and a period of time, but after 4 days of screenings have become "grey" (no tickets). In fact, this is the third round of the original Chinese epic opera "Long March", still a ticket difficult to find.

In recent years, including the "Long March" and "Jinsha River", many of the National Grand Theater in Beijing opera drama "King Lear" craze, "Lei" "the merchant of Venice" have been staged, ballet, opera "Marco Polo", "camel Xiangzi" is out of the country. For ten years, the National Grand Theater drew on the experience of drama production from the soil of the west, deeply engraved the brand of "NCPA (the abbreviation of the National Theatre"), and produced the great achievements of Chinese culture.

The explosion

The Chinese story ignites the enthusiasm of the audience

In 2017, there were two moments in the history of the Grand Theatre.

In July, the original national opera "the Bank of Jinsha River" was staged. When the curtain came to the curtain, three spectators were thrilled to the stage. After a warm hug with the creator, they put hada in his hand on the head of the neck.

In September, the original drama "style thunder" opened the fourth round. Building family descendants with his son Lei Siqi, daughter-in-law, splash kneeling on Old Summer Palace devastated ruins...... The scene, many of the audience could not help tears trickling down cheeks.

It is difficult to create a play, and it is more difficult to create a play that is spread and stay. In the creation of the National Grand Theatre "menu", a department, a full "Chinese charm" infects countless audiences. Show the spirit of the people of Beijing "Wangfujing", "light of life and death, the promise of the opera" the "orphan", based on the "Zuo Zhuan" classics "opera world", all Chinese draw nutrition from the excellent traditional culture. In commemoration of the revolutionary opera Fang Zhimin, the epic Opera Long March to the workers and Peasants Red Army, which is very close to the golden sand river, is singing the touching red feelings with the world language of opera.

Ten years, the Grand Theatre self repertoire annual average sales rate exceeded 85%, the average annual show ticket rate by 5 percentage points. Among them, the "Long March" three degrees hot performance, each round of the performance are sold ahead of time, "Jinsha River" is also sold out before the first performance. Author Mo Yan with great admiration: "the main melody write so full, not easy!" In fact, it is not the "main melody" that doesn't look good. It's the poor quality of the main melody. It's not the vocabulary of "national characteristics" and "Chinese style". It's too ambitious. Some works fail to find the emotional conjunction and the resonance point based on the heart.

The dramas of the grand theater are blooming on the international stage.

In 2012, the Beijing Opera "Chibi" set off China's "Beijing Opera fever" in the three European countries. In 2015, Italy Milan World Expo ushered in the "Marco Polo" original ballet theatre, all actors dressed in costume parade in World Expo park. The same year, the "camel Xiangzi" the rickshaw "pull" to the "world opera" of the camp Italy, multi city tour, Italy state television (RAI) for the entire recording. This is the first time they have recorded Chinese opera, which is the highest courtesy of the history of foreign operas.

Original title: deep ploughing creation to promote "Chinese influence"

The opera "Long March". Lingfeng perturbed

"Are all the tickets sold out?" On the page of a ticketing website, an audience asked in a message under the link of the opera "Long March". It was at the beginning of the month, from the December 21st premiere and a period of time, but after 4 days of screenings have become "grey" (no tickets). In fact, this is the third round of the original Chinese epic opera "Long March", still a ticket difficult to find.

In recent years, including the "Long March" and "Jinsha River", many of the National Grand Theater in Beijing opera drama "King Lear" craze, "Lei" "the merchant of Venice" have been staged, ballet, opera "Marco Polo", "camel Xiangzi" is out of the country. For ten years, the National Grand Theater drew on the experience of drama production from the soil of the west, deeply engraved the brand of "NCPA (the abbreviation of the National Theatre"), and produced the great achievements of Chinese culture.

The explosion

The Chinese story ignites the enthusiasm of the audience

In 2017, there were two moments in the history of the Grand Theatre.

In July, the original national opera "the Bank of Jinsha River" was staged. When the curtain came to the curtain, three spectators were thrilled to the stage. After a warm hug with the creator, they put hada in his hand on the head of the neck.

In September, the original drama "style thunder" opened the fourth round. Building family descendants with his son Lei Siqi, daughter-in-law, splash kneeling on Old Summer Palace devastated ruins...... The scene, many of the audience could not help tears trickling down cheeks.

It is difficult to create a play, and it is more difficult to create a play that is spread and stay. In the creation of the National Grand Theatre "menu", a department, a full "Chinese charm" infects countless audiences. Show the spirit of the people of Beijing "Wangfujing", "light of life and death, the promise of the opera" the "orphan", based on the "Zuo Zhuan" classics "opera world", all Chinese draw nutrition from the excellent traditional culture. In commemoration of the revolutionary opera Fang Zhimin, the epic Opera Long March to the workers and Peasants Red Army, which is very close to the golden sand river, is singing the touching red feelings with the world language of opera.

Ten years, the Grand Theatre self repertoire annual average sales rate exceeded 85%, the average annual show ticket rate by 5 percentage points. Among them, the "Long March" three degrees hot performance, each round of the performance are sold ahead of time, "Jinsha River" is also sold out before the first performance. Author Mo Yan with great admiration: "the main melody write so full, not easy!" In fact, it is not the "main melody" that doesn't look good. It's the poor quality of the main melody. It's not the vocabulary of "national characteristics" and "Chinese style". It's too ambitious. Some works fail to find the emotional conjunction and the resonance point based on the heart.

The dramas of the grand theater are blooming on the international stage.

In 2012, the Beijing Opera "Chibi" set off China's "Beijing Opera fever" in the three European countries. In 2015, Italy Milan World Expo ushered in the "Marco Polo" original ballet theatre, all actors dressed in costume parade in World Expo park. The same year, the "camel Xiangzi" the rickshaw "pull" to the "world opera" of the camp Italy, multi city tour, Italy state television (RAI) for the entire recording. This is the first time they have recorded Chinese opera, which is the highest courtesy of the history of foreign operas.

来源：人民网