如何鉴定古玩艺术品

How to identify antique works of Art

简单的说就是: 用标形器和被鉴定器对比，经过:立标、观察、涉猎、积淀、总结、反馈、否定、精练、反复、对比。这就是眼学。

To put it simply: compare the shape marker with the appraised one, through: marking, observation, dabbling, accumulation, summary, feedback, negation, refinement, repetition and comparison. This is ophthalmology.

眼学是一种科学的鉴定方法。

Ophthalmology is a scientific identification method.

为什么一对双胞胎长得再相像，他们父母也能一眼分辨清楚？甚至看背影就能分辨。任何一种高仿品也不可能和双胞胎一摸一样相像。任何一件古代艺术品都会留下历史的痕迹。新仿品尢论怎么做旧，它和历史留下的痕迹也是不同的。一个老太太，无论怎么化妆，相信你还是能看出来她不是个大姑娘。

Why can a pair of twins be distinguished by their parents at a glance no matter how similar they look? You can even tell by looking at your back. No high imitation can be as similar as twins. Any ancient art will leave traces of history. The new imitation is different from the traces left by history. An old lady, no matter how she makes up, I believe you can still see that she is not a big girl.

一个合格的收藏家，要不断地积累经验，当积累到一定程度，就会升华，进人更高的境界。

A qualified collector should constantly accumulate experience. When accumulated to a certain extent, he will sublimate and enter a higher realm.

但是，在每个阶段都有可能误入歧途，关键是在每个阶段我们要不断地修正自己否定自己，才能不断地进步。

However, in each stage, we may go astray. The key is that in each stage, we should constantly correct ourselves and deny ourselves in order to make continuous progress.

你大脑会迅速筛选信息，哪些符合你需要的信息，那些不付合你需要的信席，就像一个大房子里坐了满人，有少数人是你的熟人，你走进门口的那一刻大脑会迅速的搜索，从而找出哪是你的熟人或朋友。当然这是和每一位收藏爱好者长期的积累是有密切关系的。

Your brain will quickly sift through information, what suits you  The information you need, the seats that don't meet your needs, are like a big house full of people. A few people are your acquaintances. The moment you enter the door, your brain will search quickly to find out which are your acquaintances or friends. Of course, this is closely related to the long-term accumulation of every collection lover.

古玩行业的人需要有较高的悟性，什么叫悟性，有人叫境界，有人叫慧眼。

People in the antique industry need to have a higher understanding. What is understanding? Some people call it realm and some people call it insight.

它是先天的，遗传因素所然。

It is innate and genetic.

也有后天的，综合素质所然，我们注定要在大多数事上一塌糊涂。

There is also the acquired comprehensive quality. We are destined to make a mess in most things.

有人曾经拿一块瓷器标本让刚入门的人看，告诉他什么是真的，让他记着，然后拿一赝品再让他看，他居然说一样的，我说:“你不要玩古玩了”大概这就是悟性吧。

Someone once showed a porcelain specimen to a novice, told him what was true, let him remember, and then showed him a fake. He actually said the same. I said, "don't play antiques." maybe this is comprehension.

要提高自己，收藏者要多看正规出版的书籍。牢记各个时代的标准器特征，从而丰富自己的时代感观。

To improve themselves, collectors should read more regularly published books. Keep in mind the standard features of each era, so as to enrich your sense of the times.

要仔细的看标准造型，看画工，看胎质，看生产工艺，看釉面，看光泽，看包浆等等。看的多了就慢慢悟出其内涵了。

We should carefully look at the standard modeling, painters, tire quality, production technology, glaze, luster, coating and so on. See more and slowly realize its connotation.

要找到真正的高手学习，就像上学一样，进去一流的中学就不愁上名牌大学，如果入门就进了偏僻的山区学校，能考上名牌大学是有很大难度的。

To find a real master to study is like going to school. If you enter a first-class middle school, you don't have to worry about going to a famous university. If you enter a remote mountain school, it's very difficult to enter a famous university.

不要迷信专家，有很多东西他们都没见过，专家们对市场不敏感，他们没有花己的钱买过东西。

Don't superstitious experts. There are many things they haven't seen. Experts are not sensitive to the market. They haven't bought anything with their own money.

但是藏家花的可是自己的血汗钱，那么当要卖一件东西时，谁更有责任心呀?

But collectors spend their own hard-earned money, so who is more responsible when they want to sell something?

打假，你想没想过后果，有多少珍贵文物流失？有多少藏家为一件东西可能会倾家荡。当然假的永远也真不了，真的永还也假不了。

Do you think about the consequences of cracking down on counterfeiting? How many precious cultural relics have been lost? How many collectors are likely to give up for one thing. Of course, false can never be true, true can never be false.

古玩鉴定因为每个人所经过程各不相同，各有各的特点，茅台洒的味道没人能说清楚，同饮一杯酒的人表述也各不相同。

Antique identification because everyone has different processes and characteristics, no one can tell the taste of Maotai sprinkle clearly, and the expression of people who drink the same glass of wine is also different.

鉴定是工匠之表述。

Appraisal is the expression of craftsman.

文博系统的专业人士鉴定断代大多是按照书上，教科书上提供的信息。

The identification and dating of professionals in the culture and museum system are mostly based on the information provided in books and textbooks.

民间收藏人士是从真伪开始，可能没那么多理论。

Folk collectors start from authenticity and may not have so many theories.

我们看一件古物。鉴定起来无非是看:包浆，沁蚀，神韵 腐蚀，纹饰，发色，工艺，光泽等等方面着手，高手远远打一限就知有没有。

Let's see an antique. Identification is nothing more than to see: pulp wrapping, Qin corrosion, charm corrosion, decoration, hair color, technology, luster and so on. Experts will know if they have it from a distance.

鉴定是很严紧的，有时候要借助显微观察。

Identification is very tight, sometimes with the help of microscopic observation.

要一系列信息综合考虑，才能确定—件古玩的新老精美。

A series of information should be considered comprehensively to determine the new and old beauty of an antique.

不要纸上谈兵，要花白己的钱买东西才是实战，茅台酒的味道，不是闻出来的，是喝出来的，是品出来的。

Don't talk on paper. It's practical to spend your own money on things. The taste of Maotai is not smelled, but drunk and tasted.

汉穆拉比法典

code of hammurabi

最早讲述了法律面前人人平等以及人道主义的观念

It first described the concept of equality before the law and humanitarianism

西汉透光镜

Western Han Dynasty transparent mirror

把一束阳光照到镜面，壁上的光斑中就会奇迹般地显现出镜背面的图案、铭文，好像光线透过铜镜一样

When a beam of sunlight shines on the mirror, the patterns and inscriptions on the back of the mirror will miraculously appear in the light spot on the wall, as if the light passes through the copper mirror

曾侯乙青铜尊盘

Bronze zunpan of marquis Zeng Yi

出自曾侯乙墓的青铜尊盘是此墓出土文物中就复杂的，也是保存最完好的，被世界各界誉为稀世珍宝。

The bronze zunpan from the tomb of marquis Zeng Yi is the most complex and well preserved among the cultural relics unearthed in this tomb. It is praised as a rare treasure by all walks of life in the world.

图坦卡蒙黄金匕首

Tutankhamun gold Dagger

古埃及人用天外陨石打造

The ancient Egyptians used meteorites from the sky to make them

丹德拉星座石板

Dandra slate

石板上面雕刻的是古埃及文字以及表示星座的符号，是世界上最著名的天空图。

Carved on the slate are ancient Egyptian characters and symbols representing constellations. It is the most famous sky map in the world.

要实物实战，用真本事说话，懂的人自然会懂，没有见过的东西多了，中华民族文化上下5000年，博大精深，古玩陶瓷，字画，玉器，玩的就是综合素质堪比世界奥运会的竞技！

If you want to fight in kind and speak with real skills, people who understand will naturally understand. There are many things you haven't seen. The Chinese national culture has been broad and profound for 5000 years. Antique ceramics, calligraphy and painting, jade ware, and play the competition with comprehensive quality comparable to the world Olympic games!

一眼真，一眼假的观点，在精品面前是不存在的，要好好想一想，改变一下思维方式。

A true view and a false view do not exist in front of high-quality products. We should think about it and change our way of thinking.

悟性的综合素质的具体表现方式是: 眼力和魄力并不是《金钱》！

The specific expression of the comprehensive quality of understanding is: vision and courage are not money!

金钱并不能买来征服感和喜悦感！

Money can't buy a sense of conquest and joy!

好看的皮囊千篇一律，有趣的灵魂万里挑一！

Good looking skin bags are the same, and interesting souls are one in a million!

图坦卡蒙金面具

Tutankhamungin mask

埃及作为四大文明古国之一，其文化的传承，也是渊源流长。自然传承下来的文物也是极其繁多而且珍贵的。但是要论到最出名的，还是要数这一件图坦卡蒙金面具。这件面具距今有3000多年的历史。从其身上我们不难看出，当时埃及的文化以及工艺水平都是十分高超的。而且其本身造价也极为昂贵，所以说自然是一件十分珍贵的古文物。

As one of the four ancient civilizations, Egypt has a long history of cultural inheritance. The cultural relics inherited from nature are also extremely numerous and precious. But the most famous one is the tutankhamungin mask. This mask has a history of more than 3000 years. From its body, it is not difficult to see that the cultural and technological level of Egypt at that time was very superb. And its own cost is also very expensive, so nature is a very precious ancient article.

苏美尔楔形文字

Sumerian Cuneiform

语言的产生与发展，奠定了人类成为万物之灵的基础。而文字的出现则是将人类与其他动物完全区别开来的一大标志。苏美尔作为地球上县已知的最古老的文明，距今已有6000年之久。而这块记载了苏美尔契形文字的石碑，不断向我们诉说着当时苏美尔文明的文化与发展，十分珍贵。

The emergence and development of language has laid the foundation for human beings to become the spirit of all things. The emergence of words is a major symbol that completely distinguishes human beings from other animals. Sumer, as the oldest known civilization on earth, has a history of 6000 years. This stone tablet, which records Sumerian characters, constantly tells us the culture and development of Sumerian civilization at that time, which is very precious.

曾侯乙编钟

Zeng Houyi chime

这件文物有十分浓厚的中国战国时代的风格，是属于当时的一种乐器，自出土以来就备受关注。这套青铜器的优良制作以及精美的雕刻工艺，无一不展示了当时战国时期高超的制器水准。而且对世界音乐史也产生了极为深远的影响，还代表着中国古代的礼乐文化之始。

This cultural relic has a very strong style of China's Warring States period. It belongs to a musical instrument at that time and has attracted much attention since it was unearthed. The excellent production and exquisite carving technology of this set of bronzes all showed the superb level of making utensils in the Warring States period at that time. It also has a far-reaching impact on the history of world music and represents the beginning of Chinese ancient ritual and music culture.

埃及纳尔迈调色板

Egypt narmai palette

作为埃及开国君主心爱之物，纳尔迈调色板是一件全球都十分著名的文物，距今也有5000多年的历史。这是一个在九四年被一支探险队在以色列南部发现的古文物，上面记载了开国君主的名字。于是也被认定为是其统一埃及的象征之物。

As the favorite of the founding monarch of Egypt, narmai palette is a very famous cultural relic in the world, with a history of more than 5000 years. This is an antique found in southern Israel by an expedition in 1994. It records the name of the founding monarch. Therefore, it was also recognized as a symbol of its unification of Egypt.