学习北大美学原理课章节

Study the chapters of aesthetic principles in Peking University

我对美的理解

My understanding of beauty

审美，我这里说的是艺术审美。

Aesthetic, I'm talking about artistic aesthetic.

当今收藏界对于中国古代艺术品的真假（赝）纠结得不出所以然，就是审美知识贫乏，不过关又或者是根本没有美的意识，用网络语言表达是审美坍塌。

Today's collection circle can't figure out the true and false of ancient Chinese artworks. The reason is that the aesthetic knowledge is poor, or there is no sense of beauty at all.

其实我觉得广大的收藏爱好者是不存在坍塌这两个字的。

In fact, I don't think the word collapse exists in the majority of collectors.

因为本身就没有好好学过审美。什么才是美？是一个很模糊的概念 ，甚至是没有。古代艺术品这种东西原来就不属于不具备专业知识的人。

Because I haven't studied aesthetics well. What is beauty? It's a very vague concept, or even none. Ancient works of art originally did not belong to the common people.

艺术在古代是皇家艺术，皇家的文化，艺术，审美，造诣，独霸，财力你可想而知。

In ancient times, art was royal art. You can imagine the royal culture, art, aesthetics, attainments, hegemony and financial resources.

而现在却有8000万的收藏大军，不行又怎样？事实摆在那里，那么我们就要补上一课。谢谢！

But now there are 80 million collections, so what if they can't? If the facts are there, then we have to make up a lesson. thank you!

审美是人的天性与必需，一个不懂得真善美的人是个不完美的人，不懂得什么是美的人，艺术与他无关！

Aesthetics is human nature and necessity. A person who doesn't know truth, goodness and beauty is an imperfect person. He doesn't know what beauty is. Art has nothing to do with him!

先看看中国历史上对美的探讨和外国友人对美的探讨吧。

Let's take a look at the discussion of the United States in Chinese history and that of foreign friends.

中国美术史上对美的探讨:

The discussion of beauty in the history of Chinese art

中国古代对“美”的问题是有不少论述的。如沉鱼落雁 ，羞花闭月，红唇白齿，眼送秋波。又如孔子、孟子、荀子等都曾谈过美，值得注意的是，在先秦美学思想中，就存在着对美的概念进行深入思考的倾向。如老子曾说: 天下皆知美之为美，斯恶已，皆知善之为善，斯不善已。用今天的话说，就是天下人都知道什么是美，这就有丑恶之分了，天下人都知道什么是善的时候，这就有不善的了。

In ancient China, there were many discussions on the issue of "beauty". Such as fish and geese, shy flowers and moon, red lips and white teeth, eyes send autumn. Confucius, Mencius and Xunzi all talked about beauty. It is worth noting that there is a tendency to think deeply about the concept of beauty in pre Qin aesthetics. As Lao Tzu once said: the world knows that beauty is beauty, that evil is good, that good is good, and that evil is bad. In today's words, when people all over the world know what beauty is, there are ugly things. When people all over the world know what good is, there are bad things.

俄国革命民主主义者车尔尼雪夫斯基(1828-1889)对美所下的定义是“美是生活”。他说: 美是生活。任何事物，凡是我们在那里面看得见依照我们的理解应当如此的生活，那就是美的。任何东西，凡是显示出生活或使我们想起生活的，那就是美的。

Russian revolutionary Democrat Chernychevsky (1828-1889) defined beauty as "beauty is life". He said: beauty is life. Anything that we can see in it, that we should live as we understand it, is beautiful. Anything that shows or reminds us of life is beautiful.

车尔尼雪夫斯基论证美是生活时，提出两点: 美包含着一种可爱的，为我们心所宝贵的东西。

When Chernishevsky argued that beauty is life, he put forward two points: Beauty contains something lovely and precious to our hearts.

美是活生生的事物，是多种多样的对象，生活便具有上述的特点。他认为在可爱的东西中最有一般性的是生活，理想的生活。

Beauty is a living thing, is a variety of objects, life has the above characteristics. He thinks that the most common among the lovely things is life, the ideal life.

然后，他为了论证美是 应当如此的生活。

Then, in order to prove that beauty should live like this.

具体地分析了现实各个领域中美的表现的三种情况。

This paper analyzes three situations of the performance of China and the United States in various fields.

一, 普通人民看美好的生活是: 丰衣足食而又辛勤劳动，因此农家少女体格强壮，长得很结实，这也是乡下美人的必要条件，青年农民或农家少女都有非常鲜嫩红润的面色。

1、 In the eyes of the ordinary people, a good life is rich in food and clothing and hard work. Therefore, rural girls are strong and strong, which is also a necessary condition for rural beauties. Young farmers or rural girls have very fresh and ruddy faces.

ニ、上流社会中美人则是以纤手细足为美，甚至以病态为美。因为这是社会上层阶级觉得唯一值得过的生活，即: 没有体力劳动的生活标志。

However, in the upper class, the beauty is the delicate hands and feet, even the morbid. Because this is the only life that the upper class thinks is worth living, that is, a sign of life without physical labor.

车尔尼雪夫斯基分析这种“美”是由上流社会人物的生活方式所决定的。因为，她的历代祖先都是不靠双手劳动而生活过来的，是无所事事的生活。

According to Chernishevsky's analysis, this kind of "beauty" is determined by the lifestyle of upper class people. Because her ancestors did not rely on their hands to work and live, is idle life.

三、真正的有教养的人，认为: 真正的生活是思想和心灵的生活。这样的生活在面部表情，特别是眼睛上捺下了烙印，一个人只因为有一双美丽的富于表情的眼晴，而在我们看来就是美的。

3、 Real educated people believe that real life is the life of mind and soul. This kind of life is branded on the facial expression, especially on the eyes. A person is beautiful only because he has a pair of beautiful expressive eyes.

所以我认为: 美源于生活，美源于劳动，美源于大自然，美源于自信。

So I think: beauty comes from life, beauty from labor, beauty from nature, beauty from self-confidence.

例如: 舞蹈，就是把最平凡的起床、梳妆、炒菜，做饭、拔草、劳动等加工成为优美的艺术界体。

For example: dance is the most ordinary wake-up, dressing, cooking, weeding, labor and other processing into a beautiful art body.

大自然的一草一木，一花一树，一山一水，绿水青山就是金山银山。

Every plant, every flower, every tree, every mountain and every water in nature is the golden mountain and the silver mountain.

人物，动物，飞禽走兽，这些都是产生美的源泉。

People, animals, birds and beasts, these are the source of beauty.

艺术感就是心里有美，处处流露着美的气息，美的芬芳，她最终体现在服饰、语言、心灵、建筑、艺术品等等之中。

The sense of art is that there is beauty in the heart, and the breath and fragrance of beauty are everywhere. It is finally reflected in the clothing, language, soul, architecture, art and so on.

美，是一切艺术品的灵魂！

Beauty is the soul of all works of art!

古代，现代亦是如此。

The same is true in ancient and modern times.

艺术品的灵魂 体现在它的神韵。没有神韵的东西如同废物。

The soul of art is embodied in its charm. Things without verve are like rubbish.

所以，艺术品首先要真，真的才能美，真，就是对事物的准确表达体现，要逼真，艺术高于现实。

Therefore, works of art must be true first, only true can be beautiful, true is the accurate expression of things, to be realistic, art is higher than reality.

例如树叶有根脉，花草有一种欲动待放的感觉，山水画要有一种近看成岭远成峰的视觉，人和动物的眼睛水灵，有神灵动，整体感觉就是有神有韵。

For example, leaves have roots and veins, flowers and plants have a feeling of being ready to move. Landscape painting should have a vision of mountains and peaks from a close view. The eyes of people and animals are vivid and vivid. The overall feeling is that they have spirit and rhyme.

如果像一个冬瓜插两根竹竿样的身材美女和一个亭亭玉立三围表达准确，风姿绰约的美女，不言而喻。

If it is like a white gourd with two bamboo poles and a graceful and graceful beauty, it is self-evident.

你会说，这样的很抽象。其实一点都不抽象，这样的美女真不多，因为她们都在流动之中，你捕捉不容易。

You say, it's very abstract. In fact, it's not abstract at all. There are not many such beauties, because they are all in the flow. It's not easy for you to catch them.

美，要去发现。

Beauty, to discover.

在广阔田野里劳动的人们，尽管她滿身汗水和泥巴，但她在起身用手臂擦掉脸额上汗水的瞬间，回眸的一笑的样子，是不是很自然的美，十分十分的美。

People working in the vast fields, although she is covered with sweat and mud, but when she gets up and wipes the sweat on her face with her arm, she looks back with a smile. Is it natural beauty, very beautiful.

因为她那发自心的喜悅，所以你无论怎样看都是美的。

Because of her heartfelt joy, you are beautiful no matter how you look at it.

还有雨后的彩虹，春天破土而出的种芽，清晨带着露珠的玫瑰花，小草等等你说美吗？！美！这就是大自然的美！

There are rainbows after rain, sprouts in spring, roses with dew in the morning, grass and so on. Do you think it's beautiful?! Beautiful! This is the beauty of nature!

美随处可见，美无时不在。

Beauty can be seen everywhere and is always there.

美要善于观察！美要善于发现！

Beauty should be good at observation! Beauty should be good at discovering!

美要善于理解！审美，你要有一颗爱美的心！审美，你要有一对弄得美的眼睛！谢谢！谢谢！

Beauty should be good at understanding! Aesthetic, you have to have a heart of beauty! Aesthetic, you have to have a pair of beautiful eyes! thank you! thank you!