人民日报：大众文艺要“有趣” 不要“有趣至上”

People’s Daily: Popular Arts Want to “Interesting” Don’t “Interesting”

要“有趣”，不要“有趣至上”（艺海观澜）

　　罗小茗

　　随着移动端和网红经济的迅速崛起，一种新型品评大众文艺的标准正在兴起，那就是“有趣至上”。在拥挤的地铁车厢内，在人群熙攘的街头，在外卖小哥聚集的商场门口，甚至于在大学课堂上，当越来越多的人依赖手机软件寻找片刻乐趣时，这个标准正变得通行无阻。一方面“有趣”被摆放到了异常醒目的位置，在浏览、点赞和弹幕中显示它巨大的威力，进而成为人们争先恐后、竞相追逐和品评的对象；另一方面，它对这个社会的实际作用，反倒被忽视而得不到真正讨论和有效定位。

　　广播电视等现代大众媒介诞生以来，针对普通人势必“娱乐至死”的告诫就不绝于耳，“有趣”基本成为低俗和无聊的同义词。“有趣至上”也被看作文化平庸的新一轮表现。然而另一方面，趣味在商业逻辑中迅速膨胀，不仅成为绝大多数现代教育和商业的出发点，也成为人们自我辩护、伸张生活的重要依据。在此背后，则是对生活枯燥无聊，消费文化看似丰富多样、实则千篇一律的巨大不满和反感。

　　可以说，当人们被手机、网络以及背后涌动的数据流包围时，我们正充分暴露在一种叫作“有趣”的空气中。如何审视和评判它的任务却就此搁置，无从展开。对大众文化来说，这个问题却是必须面对和回答的。

　　“有趣至上”经由网络媒介和直播平台等技术开发，无论是参与文化创造，还是加入娱乐工业，准入门槛都越来越低。普通人对“有趣”的制造、参与和更新也愈加容易，当然其流通和消亡速度也一并加快。与几十年前美国电视文化产品散布全球不同，今天通过网络直播大行其道的“有趣至上”准则，具有更强大的渗透力，高度切分和支配人们的注意力。它不再坐等“沙发上的土豆”选择，而是通过算法和大数据，积极捕捉人们的关注，在吸纳社会能量的同时，以趣味对人群进行“区隔”。至此，当直播平台上某位乡村大妈也拥有自己固定粉丝群体，以此为乐甚至以此为生时，弥漫在今天社会中的“有趣至上”，成为比“娱乐至死”更为复杂的一种文化现象。对于普通人来说，平时工作和生活辛劳琐碎，缺少时间和能力去创造属于自己的乐趣，高度依赖于别人提供的即时可见乐趣，成为一种本能反应。问题在于，在工作和闲余时间日益碎片化和难以截然区分的今天，我们究竟如何看待这样的集体本能及其影响。

　　不难发现，几乎所有文艺样式，在最初出现时往往需要显出某种“有趣”特质，以便引起人们关注，构成后续观察、思考和参与的重要动力。在这一意义上说，“有趣”意味着各色各样的好奇心与无限可能性，是人们在深度认知和浅度关注之间的转换阀，连接和推动不同类型注意力之间自由转化，从而将日常生活中各色状况转化为深入思考对象。就此而言，“有趣”，不但不低俗，反而是一个社会得以继续生长和进步所必需的酵母。

当资本在网红经济上高度聚焦，由注意力经济和网络直播合力构成的，却是对“有趣”这个转换阀的无限放大。在利益驱赶下，“有趣”被迅速扩展为笼罩一切的评判标准。而这一驱赶和放大最终会导致深度认知和浅度关注间的交流无法顺利展开，一切理应由“有趣”得以转化、从而展开的有意义思考就此停滞。大多数文艺被限定在最低程度的新奇好玩之中。此时的“有趣”也就一跃成为“有趣至上”，垄断人们理解和转化日常生活中各色喜怒哀乐的可能，成为一种情感和智力上的专制。

　　如果说，现代之初随着出版印刷兴起，普通人需要随之确立能读会写的意识和技能，以便参与和主导这一重要社会文化变迁，那么现在，在网络经济时代，我们显然有一系列新的技能和常识有待确立、急需推广。其中，如何定义和捍卫“有趣”在社会生活中的位置，使之既免于径直等同于低俗无聊的无视，也摆脱资本任意控制和无限膨胀，便是重要一项。至此，将资本操控的“有趣至上”与普通人由日常生活中形成的“有趣”积极区分开来，也就成为当前这一轮文化形势中，普通人应该具有的新常识。

来源：人民日报

People’s Daily: Popular Arts Want to “Interesting” Don’t “Interesting”

To be "interesting", don't "fun first" (Arts and craftsmanship)

Luo Xiaokai

With the rapid rise of the mobile-side and online-red economy, a new standard of popular literature and art is emerging. It is "interesting first." In a crowded subway car, on the bustling streets of crowds, at the entrance of shopping malls where little brothers gather, and even in college classes, this standard is becoming popular when more and more people rely on mobile phone software to find a moment of fun. Unimpeded. On the one hand, “interesting” was placed in an unusually striking position, showing its great power in browsing, praising and barrage, and it became the object of people scrambling for, chasing, and criticizing. On the other hand, it was for this society. Actually, it is neglected and cannot be truly discussed and effectively positioned.

Since the birth of modern mass media, such as radio and television, the warnings against the ordinary people are bound to be “entertainment to death”, and “interesting” has become synonymous with vulgarity and frivolity. "Interesting" is also seen as a new round of cultural mediocrity. On the other hand, the rapid expansion of interest in business logic not only became the starting point of most modern education and business, but also became an important basis for people to defend themselves and extend their lives. Behind this, it is boring life, consumer culture seems to be rich and varied, but it is actually a huge dissatisfaction and resentment.

It can be said that when people are surrounded by mobile phones, networks, and streaming data streams behind us, we are fully exposed to what we call "interesting" air. How to scrutinize and judge its task has been shelved and it is impossible to expand. For popular culture, this problem must be faced and answered.

"Interesting first" is developed through technologies such as online media and live broadcast platforms. Both in participating in cultural creation and joining the entertainment industry, entry barriers are getting lower and lower. Ordinary people are even easier to create, participate in, and update “interesting”, and of course, the speed of circulation and demise also increases. Unlike the spread of American television cultural products decades ago, today's "interesting first" standard, which is popular through the Internet, has more powerful penetration and is highly segmented and dictates people's attention. It no longer waits for the choice of "potatoes on the couch", but actively captures people's attention through algorithms and big data. While absorbing social energy, it uses fun to "separate" people. At this point, when a rural mother on the live broadcast platform also has her own fixed fan community, and then use it to make a living even as a living, the "interesting first" in today's society becomes more complex than "entertainment to death." A cultural phenomenon. For the average person, the usual work and life are hard and trivial. They lack the time and ability to create their own pleasure. They are highly dependent on the immediate enjoyment provided by others and become an instinctive response. The question is, how do we view such collective instincts and their influence in today's increasingly fragmented and difficult-to-discriminate work and leisure time?

It is not difficult to find that almost all literary styles often need to show some "interesting" qualities when they first appear, in order to attract people's attention and constitute an important impetus for follow-up observation, thinking and participation. In this sense, “interesting” means a wide range of curiosity and infinite possibilities. It is a switching valve between people’s in-depth knowledge and shallow attention, connecting and promoting the free conversion between different types of attention. , thus transforming everyday situations into deep thinking objects. In this sense, "interesting" is not only vulgar, but also a yeast that society can continue to grow and improve.

When capital is highly focused on the net red economy, the combination of attention economy and webcasting is an infinite enlargement of the "interesting" transition valve. Driven by interest, "interesting" is rapidly expanded to the standard of judging everything. This expulsion and enlargement will eventually lead to the failure of smooth communication between in-depth cognition and shallow attention. Any meaningful thinking that is supposed to be transformed by “interesting” will stop. Most literary arts are limited to a minimum of novelty and fun. At this time, "interesting" has also become "interesting", monopolizing people's ability to understand and transform the emotions of everyday life, becoming an emotional and intellectual autocracy.

If we say that at the beginning of modern times, with the rise of publishing and printing, ordinary people need to establish awareness and skills that can be read and written in order to participate in and lead this important socio-cultural change. Now, in the era of Internet economy, we obviously have a series of New skills and common sense have yet to be established and urgently needed to be promoted. Among them, how to define and defend the position of "interesting" in social life so that it is not only equated with vulgar boring ignorance but also free from capital's arbitrary control and unlimited expansion is an important one. At this point, the "interesting first" of capital manipulation is distinguished from the "interesting" positives formed by ordinary people in everyday life. This has become the new common sense that ordinary people should have in this current round of cultural situations.

Source: People's Daily

To be "interesting", don't "fun first" (Arts and craftsmanship)

Luo Xiaokai

With the rapid rise of the mobile-side and online-red economy, a new standard of popular literature and art is emerging. It is "interesting first." In a crowded subway car, on the bustling streets of crowds, at the entrance of shopping malls where little brothers gather, and even in college classes, this standard is becoming popular when more and more people rely on mobile phone software to find a moment of fun. Unimpeded. On the one hand, “interesting” was placed in an unusually striking position, showing its great power in browsing, praising and barrage, and it became the object of people scrambling for, chasing, and criticizing. On the other hand, it was for this society. Actually, it is neglected and cannot be truly discussed and effectively positioned.

Since the birth of modern mass media, such as radio and television, the warnings against the ordinary people are bound to be “entertainment to death”, and “interesting” has become synonymous with vulgarity and frivolity. "Interesting" is also seen as a new round of cultural mediocrity. On the other hand, the rapid expansion of interest in business logic not only became the starting point of most modern education and business, but also became an important basis for people to defend themselves and extend their lives. Behind this, it is boring life, consumer culture seems to be rich and varied, but it is actually a huge dissatisfaction and resentment.

It can be said that when people are surrounded by mobile phones, networks, and streaming data streams behind us, we are fully exposed to what we call "interesting" air. How to scrutinize and judge its task has been shelved and it is impossible to expand. For popular culture, this problem must be faced and answered.

"Interesting first" is developed through technologies such as online media and live broadcast platforms. Both in participating in cultural creation and joining the entertainment industry, entry barriers are getting lower and lower. Ordinary people are even easier to create, participate in, and update “interesting”, and of course, the speed of circulation and demise also increases. Unlike the spread of American television cultural products decades ago, today's "interesting first" standard, which is popular through the Internet, has more powerful penetration and is highly segmented and dictates people's attention. It no longer waits for the choice of "potatoes on the couch", but actively captures people's attention through algorithms and big data. While absorbing social energy, it uses fun to "separate" people. At this point, when a rural mother on the live broadcast platform also has her own fixed fan community, and then use it to make a living even as a living, the "interesting first" in today's society becomes more complex than "entertainment to death." A cultural phenomenon. For the average person, the usual work and life are hard and trivial. They lack the time and ability to create their own pleasure. They are highly dependent on the immediate enjoyment provided by others and become an instinctive response. The question is, how do we view such collective instincts and their influence in today's increasingly fragmented and difficult-to-discriminate work and leisure time?

It is not difficult to find that almost all literary styles often need to show some "interesting" qualities when they first appear, in order to attract people's attention and constitute an important impetus for follow-up observation, thinking and participation. In this sense, “interesting” means a wide range of curiosity and infinite possibilities. It is a switching valve between people’s in-depth knowledge and shallow attention, connecting and promoting the free conversion between different types of attention. , thus transforming everyday situations into deep thinking objects. In this sense, "interesting" is not only vulgar, but also a yeast that society can continue to grow and improve.

When capital is highly focused on the net red economy, the combination of attention economy and webcasting is an infinite enlargement of the "interesting" transition valve. Driven by interest, "interesting" is rapidly expanded to the standard of judging everything. This expulsion and enlargement will eventually lead to the failure of smooth communication between in-depth cognition and shallow attention. Any meaningful thinking that is supposed to be transformed by “interesting” will stop. Most literary arts are limited to a minimum of novelty and fun. At this time, "interesting" has also become "interesting", monopolizing people's ability to understand and transform the emotions of everyday life, becoming an emotional and intellectual autocracy.

If we say that at the beginning of modern times, with the rise of publishing and printing, ordinary people need to establish awareness and skills that can be read and written in order to participate in and lead this important socio-cultural change. Now, in the era of Internet economy, we obviously have a series of New skills and common sense have yet to be established and urgently needed to be promoted. Among them, how to define and defend the position of "interesting" in social life so that it is not only equated with vulgar boring ignorance but also free from capital's arbitrary control and unlimited expansion is an important one. At this point, the "interesting first" of capital manipulation is distinguished from the "interesting" positives formed by ordinary people in everyday life. This has become the new common sense that ordinary people should have in this current round of cultural situations.

Source: People's Daily