平昌冬奥会前瞻：英国冰雪大国计划从平昌开始

　英国的气候条件不适合开展冬季运动，但英国人又对冬季运动表现了极大的热情，威廉王子和凯特王妃的爱情故事也是从瑞士的滑雪场开始曝光的；英国从来没有举办过冬奥会，但它是世界上仅有的几个参加了历届冬季奥运会的国家。

　　冰上项目历史悠久

　　英国的冬天很少下雪，伦敦冬天最冷的时候，水面也就结上一层非常薄的冰。但在历史上，英国也有很冷的年份，1683年，泰晤士河冰封数周，伦敦于是举行了冰上节日，英国人纷纷在冰上滑冰，其中就包括国王查理二世的情人，这个故事在英国历史上流传很广。

　　1742年，苏格兰首府爱丁堡成立了滑冰俱乐部，据说这是世界上第一个滑冰俱乐部，想加入俱乐部的人必须通过一项测试：单脚在冰上转一圈，然后跳过由帽子组成的三道障碍。1772年，英国军官罗伯特·琼斯还发表了第一本关于滑冰的书。1830年，伦敦成立了英格兰地区的第一家滑冰俱乐部，1932年改名为皇家滑冰俱乐部。据记载，维多利亚女王的丈夫阿尔伯特王子就是一个滑冰爱好者，女王的日记里写道，有一次阿尔伯特滑冰时，冰面破裂，他掉进水里被没过了头，好不容易才爬上去。

　　后来花样滑冰的很多动作，都是英国人发明的。1879年，英国全国滑冰协会在剑桥成立，包括滑冰和花样滑冰两个项目，同时设立全国等级测试体系。

　　1898年世界滑冰锦标赛在伦敦举行。1903年开始，英国锦标赛每年举行。1908年，伦敦举办第四届夏季奥运会，花样滑冰正式成为奥运会项目，这也是冬季项目第一次进入奥运会，当时距离第一届冬奥会在法国的夏蒙尼举行还有16年。

　　冰上基础雄厚　雪上项目迎头赶上

　　英国代表团在参加的22届冬奥会上，总共赢得10金4银12铜，其中只有一块铜牌来自雪上项目，其他奖牌全部来自冰上项目。主要原因是英国有冰无雪，不过随着科技的发展，雪上项目的基础设施逐步完善。

　　现在，英国全国有100多个滑冰俱乐部，任何人只要交上几十英镑，就可以成为会员，从5岁开始学习滑冰。俱乐部提供各个级别的教练，保证有天赋的运动员可以脱颖而出。

　　传统上，英国人滑雪只能到瑞士、法国和北欧国家，现在很多私立学校仍然组织学生在假期里到瑞士滑雪。如果想从事专业的训练，现在英国也有了很多的无雪滑雪场，就是利用高科技制造出和雪上一样的雪道效果，这样的无雪雪场英国也有近百家，另外英国还有六处全年营业的室内人工雪场，五处冬天启用的室外人工雪场，这些雪场也都和滑冰俱乐部一样，常年提供各种培训。

　　平昌目标：5块奖牌

　　自从2005年伦敦赢得2012年奥运会的举办权后，英国奥委会和负责体育拨款的英国体育理事会就制定了奥运争光战略，加大了对英国优势项目的投资，也就是只有那些能在奥运会上拿到奖牌的项目，才有可能得到拨款。这一政策立竿见影，从2008年北京奥运会开始，英国代表团的金牌数直线上升，到2016年里约奥运会，英国代表团的金牌数超过中国，位居金牌榜第二位。这一战略同样适用于冬奥会，英国的传统强项冰壶和钢架雪车都得到了很大的资助。

　　2014年索契冬奥会，英国代表团取得了1金1银2铜的战绩，这是自1924年首届冬奥会之后，他们取得的最好战绩。

　　索契到平昌奥运会周期内，英国冬季项目的投资增加了一倍多，从此前的1350万英镑增加到了3200万英镑(约2.8亿人民币）。英国体育理事会最近公布了平昌冬奥会的目标：赢得至少5块奖牌，这是英国代表团参加冬奥会历史上“最宏伟的”目标。

　　据推算，英国运动员有希望冲击奖牌的项目来单板滑雪、冰壶、钢架雪车和短道速滑等。索契冬奥会上，英国赢得了历史上首块雪上项目奖牌，那是詹尼·琼斯拿下的女子单板滑雪铜牌，由于过去几年对雪上项目的重视，他们有望在自由滑雪、单板滑雪甚至是高山滑雪项目上夺得奖牌。

　　英国夺金的希望主要寄托在两人身上，一个是去年世界短道锦标赛三金得主爱丽丝·克里斯蒂，另外一个是上届的女子钢架雪车冠军利兹·亚诺德。

来源：人民网

Pingchang Winter Olympics: Britain's ice and snow power plan starts from Pingchang

The British climate is not suitable for winter sports, but also to the British winter sports showed great enthusiasm, Prince William and Kate's love story is from the Swiss ski resort to exposure; England never hosted the Winter Olympics, but it is the world's only a few to participate in the previous winter Olympic Games country.

The ice project has a long history

There is little snow in the winter in Britain, and in the coldest winter in London, a very thin layer of ice is put on the surface of the water. But in England, it also has a very cold year in history. In 1683, Thames River was frozen for several weeks, so the ice festival was held in London. The British people were skating on the ice, including the lover of King Charlie S, which has been widely spread in British history.

In 1742, the ice skating club was set up in Edinburgh, capital of Scotland. It is said that this is the world's first ice skating club. People who want to join the club must pass a test: one foot on the ice, then skip over the three obstacles made by the hat. In 1772, British officer Robert Jones also published the first book on skating. In 1830, London established the first ice skating club in the England region and renamed the Royal skating club in 1932. According to records, Queen Victoria's husband, Prince Albert, is a skating enthusiast. The Queen's diary reads that once Albert skating, the ice broke down, and he fell into the water and was too short to climb up.

Later, many movements of figure skating were invented by the British. In 1879, the national Skating Association of Britain was established in Cambridge, including two projects of skating and figure skating, and setting up a national hierarchy test system.

The 1898 world Skating Championships were held in London. In 1903, the British Championships were held every year. In 1908, London hosted the fourth summer Olympic Games. Figure skating officially became an Olympic event. This is the first time that winter has entered the Olympic Games. It was 16 years from the first Winter Olympic Games in Hamonni, France.

To catch up with the ice on the ice

The British delegation participated in the 22 Winter Olympic Games, and won 10 gold, 4 silver, 12 copper, of which only one bronze came from the snow project, and all the other medals came from the ice project. The main reason is that there is ice and snow in Britain, but with the development of science and technology, the infrastructure of the snow project is gradually improved.

Now, there are more than 100 skating clubs throughout the country, and anyone can become a member and learn skating from the age of 5 as long as there are dozens of pounds. The club provides coaches at all levels to ensure that talented athletes can stand out.

Traditionally, English skiing can only go to Switzerland, France and the Nordic countries. Now many private schools are still organizing students to skiing in Switzerland during the holidays. If you want to engage in professional training, now also has a lot of snow free ski resort, is the use of high technology to produce snow and snow has the same effect, so no Xuexue Britain also has hundreds of games, another British and six year operating indoor artificial snow field, outdoor artificial snow field five winter is enabled, the snow field also and skating club, providing a variety of training.

Pingchang goal: 5 medals

Since 2005 London won the right to host the 2012 Olympic Games, the British Olympic Committee and is responsible for funding the UK Sports Council sports on the development of the Olympic strategy, to increase the advantage of British investment projects, it is only those who can get a medal in the Olympic Games project, will it be possible to get funding. This policy was immediate. From the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, the number of gold medals of the British delegation rose to the Olympic Games in 2016. The number of gold medals of the British delegation surpassed China, ranking second in the gold medal list.

The 2014 Sochi Winter Olympics, the British delegation made 1 gold, 1 silver and 2 bronze record, this is the first since the 1924 Winter Olympics, they have the best record.

Sochi to Pingchang Olympic Games period, the British winter project investment more than doubled, from 13 million 500 thousand pounds to 32 million pounds (about 280 million yuan). The Sports Council of England recently announced the goal of the Winter Olympic Games in Pingchang: Winning at least 5 medals, which is the most ambitious goal of the British delegation's participation in the Olympic Winter Games.

It is estimated that the British athletes hope medal to snowboarding, curling, skeleton and track etc.. The Sochi Winter Olympics, the British won the medal history the first piece of snow, is that Jenny Jones won the women's Snowboard bronze medal, because over the past few years on the project's attention, they are expected to free skiing, snowboarding and alpine skiing project won the winning card.

Britain's hopes of gold mainly lies in two people, one is the last World Championship gold medalist Alice Christie short track, another is the women's skeleton champion Liz Anod.

Source: People's network