苏轼二赋：诗在酒里作 字随雨滴成

原标题：苏轼二赋：让诗意栖居在关东大地上

宝贝档案

姓名：苏轼《洞庭春色赋·中山松醪赋》卷

昵称：苏轼二赋

年龄：900多岁

主人：苏轼

住址：吉林省博物院

个性签名：诗意栖居

在吉林省长春市城区东南方向，号称亚洲最大的人工森林公园沿着名为“长清”的公路蜿蜒伸展开去，茂密的松林里面包裹着的，是与台湾日月潭有“姊妹潭”之称的净月潭。郁郁葱葱的森林围住一潭幽深的静水，让这里诗意昂然。

苏轼二赋（局部） 吉林省博物院供图

更浓的诗意却藏在森林边上吉林省博物院的大楼里。

钱芳做吉林省博物院藏品保管部保管员已经13个年头了。十几年来，她和她的同事们成为世界上最靠近北宋大文豪苏轼最长书法作品的人。那幅作品是苏轼亲笔手书的自己的两篇赋，为目前所见苏轼传世墨迹中字数最多的。

900多年前的苏轼二赋何以“闯关东”来到了吉林，又是怎样成为吉林省博物院“镇馆之宝”的呢？

诗在酒里作，字随雨滴成

窗外雨声大作，唰唰的声音越来越急，仿佛千万片树叶在奔跑。这雨声像极了无法赶路的旅人的心情：急迫，却寸步难行。

屋里的男人却被这瓢泼大雨激出了雅兴。他想起了三年前朋友送给自己的以黄柑酿就、名为“洞庭春色”的美酒，也想起一年前自己用松节酿酒的诸多往事，尽管他曾经就这两件事情写了两篇文章，仍意犹未尽。于是，他备足笔墨，铺上白麻纸，就着“树叶在奔跑”的声音，沉静而昂然地泼墨挥毫。

他撇开了贬官的失落，也没有把大雨的到来看作一种耽搁。他享受着旅程，享受着美酒，享受着诗情，享受着笔墨与纸张的触碰，享受着生命在大地上回响的磅礴歌声。

这一天是公元1094年阴历闰四月廿一日，这里是如今被称为河南睢县的一家客栈，他正在被贬往岭南的途中，这个人是已经59岁的苏轼苏东坡。

“始安定郡王以黄柑酿酒，名之曰‘洞庭春色’。其犹子德麟得之以饷予，戏为作赋。后予为中山守，以松节酿酒，复以赋之。以其事同而文类，故录为一卷。绍圣元年闰四月廿一日，将适岭表，遇大雨，留襄邑书此。东坡居士记。”在二赋长卷的自题中，苏轼写道。襄邑就是今天的河南睢县。

雨声里，《洞庭春色赋》《中山松醪赋》一挥而就。

传承在手上，诗意在心中

1945年8月中旬的一天，急促的脚步声惊动了长春市四分局附近的一座民宅。刘忠汉，伪满洲国下级军官，急匆匆地推开自己的家门，把一幅手卷和几件伪皇宫内的餐具放到妻子的面前。他告诉妻子，溥仪已经出逃，皇宫大乱，这是趁乱拿出来的东西，务必好好保存。随后，他看了一眼嗷嗷待哺的儿子刘刚，转身离去，从此再也没有回来。

交到刘忠汉妻子手上的长卷就是苏轼当年在大雨中书写的、为一代又一代文人雅士帝王将相所倾倒的“洞庭春色”“中山松醪”二赋长卷。

据载，苏轼二赋成卷之后被视作至宝，先后被金末元初的郭仲实，明代杨士奇、李东阳、陈从训、张孝思，清代郑达、张应甲、季振宜、梁清标、安仪周等文人墨客收藏。乾隆十一年入清内府。1924年11月，末代皇帝溥仪将其从紫禁城带到天津。1932年，溥仪潜至长春，二赋也随他一起踏上了关东的土地。在长春伪满皇宫，溥仪把二赋连同其他珍宝藏在一座被称为“小白楼”的建筑内。1945年8月，随着日本的溃败，溥仪匆忙离去，大部分国宝来不及带走，始有二赋散落民间的命运。

1982年11月，白雪开始覆盖吉林市这座山清水秀的江城。时任吉林市史学会副理事长的当代著名书法家、篆刻家刘廼中先生，认识了一位新朋友——吉林市五中历史教师刘刚。他告诉刘廼中，他家是1946年从长春搬到吉林市的，他父亲叫刘忠汉，家里收藏了一件署名苏东坡的手卷墨迹，不知是真是假，想请刘廼中帮助鉴定。刘廼中眼前一亮，当即同意。为慎重起见，刘廼中请著名书法家金意庵先生共同鉴定。

1982年12月7日下午一点，刘刚当着专家的面小心翼翼展开手卷，那自然天成、得心应手的清新字迹，那白麻质地、气色如新的七纸接装，那累累朱印、鉴赏收藏的66枚钤盖，振动了在场的每一个人。

历经900余年的文化瑰宝在关东现身了。

既为真品，刘刚向两位先生表示，有意献给国家。于是，由金意庵出面致函吉林省博物馆（吉林省博物院前身）。大喜过望的吉林省博物馆立即派人前来接洽，其中就有后来的著名书法家段成桂先生，时任吉林省文化厅副厅长贾士金也随后赶来。1983年1月26日，吉林省博物馆举行了隆重的入藏仪式，并奖励刘刚19000元。

苏轼二赋重新发现的消息很快轰动了国内书画界。1983年6月，故宫博物院著名书画鉴定专家徐邦达、刘九庵等人专程来到长春，确定此卷为东坡真迹无疑。“张墨李笺成五合，精光照眼一惊呼。”徐邦达先生这样表达东坡真迹重现的喜悦。

艺术的珍宝，关东的福气

轻轻打开囊匣，取出黄绢包裹的卷轴，缓缓展开，900多年前的苏轼二赋，历经岁月沧桑却依然墨色如新，那份浓郁的诗意未减分毫。

现存的二赋，由七张白麻纸接装而成长卷，横306.3厘米，纵28.3厘米。《洞庭春色赋》在前，行书32行，287字；《中山松醪赋》在后，行书35行，312字，两赋末端为自题，10行，85字，前后总计684字。

写酒、颂酒是苏轼二赋的主题。这位把“东坡肘子”“东坡肉”留在中国人舌尖记忆中的大文豪，对酒情有独钟，酒是他诗情的黏合剂。对于“夜饮东坡醒复醉”的先生，美食、美酒、美诗三者恐怕无法分开。既然当年王羲之曲水流觞做《兰亭集序》，开了中国文人书写、饮酒、唱诗的头儿，豪气冲天的东坡先生岂能不深入其中，让这文人雅士的人生况味更加奇绝？！

书写二赋之时，苏轼59岁，正是笔力鼎盛、老辣之时。整幅长卷，结体短肥，笔意相通，闲雅飘逸。有人评其字“如棉裹铁”，又如“老熊当道”，在平实、朴素中汪洋浩荡。其传世名作《寒食帖》更与王羲之的《兰亭集序》和颜真卿的《祭侄文稿》一同被誉为天下三大行书。而二赋则书写在《寒食帖》之后，笔力更趋巅峰。

明代书法大家张孝思题赞二赋：“此二赋经营下笔，结构严整，郁屈瑰丽之气，回翔顿挫之姿，真如狮蹲虎踞。”明代书画鉴藏家王世贞则称：“此不惟以古雅胜，且姿态百出，而结构谨密，无一笔失操纵，当是眉山最上乘。观者毋以墨猪迹之可也。”清乾隆皇帝十分喜爱“二赋”，曾多次题款，赞曰：“精气盘郁豪楮间，首尾丽富，信东坡书中所不多觏。”

作为“镇馆之宝”，吉林省博物院对苏轼二赋的收藏可谓精心之极。2015年搬到新馆址时，博物院聘请的是专业“运送专家”，运载的汽车具有防震功能，当时还安排了警车护道。

随着中华文化的繁荣发展，一大批师法古今的书法家在关东成长起来，并且蜚声海内外。他们其实是在用手中的笔，向中华优秀传统文化中坚毅果敢、气定神闲的诗性致敬！

一边是美丽的自然景观——净月潭国家森林公园，一边是藏着苏轼二赋的人文景观——吉林省博物院大楼，自然之美与人文之美交相呼应，历史与未来遥相唱和，诗意从来没有像今天这样祥和地栖居在关东大地上。

来源：人民网

Su Shi: two Fu Poetry in the wine made with raindrops into such words
Original title: Su Shi two Fu: let poetry inhabit the land of Guan Dong
Baby file
Name: Su Shi "Dongting spring color Fu, Zhongshan pine mash Fu"
Nickname: Su Shi two Fu
Age: more than 900 years old
Master: Su Shi
Address: Jilin Provincial Museum
Personality signature: poetic inhabitation
In the city Changchun southeast of Jilin City, known as Asia's largest artificial Forest Park called "Changqing" along the road winds stretching, the dense pine forest inside the parcel, there is a "pond" and Riyuetan Pool in Taiwan lake. The lake is surrounded by forest still a wild profusion of vegetation deep here, let the poetic angran.

Su Shi two Fu (part) for the Museum of Jilin Province
The thicker poetry is hidden in the building of the Jilin Museum on the edge of the forest.
Qian Fang has been the custodian of the Jilin museum's collection department for 13 years. Over the past decade, she and her colleagues have become close to the world's longest Northern Song Dynasty writer Su Shi calligraphy works of people. The painting is two pieces of Fu Su Shi calligraphy of their own, as currently seen words most Su Shi handed in ink.
900 years ago, how did Su Shi's two Fu come to Jilin and how to become the "treasure of the town hall" of the Jilin Provincial Museum?
Poetry is made in wine, and words are made with rain.
The rain outside the window as the voice of Shua more and more anxious, as if thousands of leaves on the run. The rain like a belated travelers mood: not urgent, but can't do anything.
The man of the house was the heave rain provoked masaoki. He remembered three years ago to give his friend to orange wine, called "the spring wine, remember a year ago with many past turpentine wine, although he had two things to write two articles, still. So, he laid an ample supply of ink, white paper, with leaves on the run "sound, quiet and marching ink brush.
He put aside the demotion of loss, nor the rain coming as a delay. He enjoyed the journey, enjoy wine, enjoy poetry, enjoying the ink and paper touch, enjoy the life in the land of the majestic voice echoed.
This is a day of the 1094 lunar intercalary April 21, this is now known as an inn Henan Suixian, he was exiled to south of the Five Ridges on the way, this is the 59 year old Su Shi Su Dongpo.
"Beginning to settle some citrus yellow wine, called" the spring ". The nephew of De Lin to pay to play as Fu. After Zhongshan to observe, to terebentylic wine, with fu. It is recorded as a volume in the same category. Shaosheng first year after April 21, the suitable ridge table, heavy rain, Liu Xiang Yi this book. On the east slope of the residence. " In the self - title of two curles, Su Shi wrote. Xiangyi is the Suixian of Henan today.
In the rain, "Dongting spring Fu" "Zhongshan song Lao Fu" go.
Pass on in the hand, the poem is in the heart
One day in mid August 1945, quick footsteps shocked a house near the four branch of the city of Changchun. Liu Zhonghan, the puppet Manchuria government junior officers, hurriedly opened their doors in front of a hand and a few pieces of pseudo palace dishes in the wife. He told his wife, he has fled the palace of chaos, which is out of disarray of things, be sure to save. Then, he looked at the cry piteously for food son Liu Gang, turned away, and never came back again.
Liu Zhonghan delivered his wife hand scroll is Su Shi's writing in the rain, for generations of literati emperor dumping "in spring" "Zhongshan song Lao Fu Long" two.
According to the load, Su Shi two Fu rolls after being regarded as the treasure, has been the Jin and Yuan Dynasty Guo Zhongshi, Ming Yang Shiqi, Li Dongyang, Chen Congxun, Zhang Xiaosi, Zhang Yingjia, Ji Zhenyi, Zheng Qing, Liang Qingbiao, Zhou and other men of literature and writing an instrument of. Qianlong eleven years into the Qing Dynasty. In November 1924, the last emperor Puyi from the Forbidden City to Tianjin. In 1932, he dived to Changchun, two Fu with him on the Kanto land. In Changchun palace, the two Fu Pu Yi together with other treasures hidden in a house called "Xiaobailou" building. In August 1945, with Japan's defeat, he hurried away, most of the Bora late to take away, only two Fu folk scattered fate.
In November 1982, the snow began to cover this picturesque scenery of Jiangcheng city of Jilin. Liu Naizhong, a famous contemporary calligrapher and seal cutter of the vice president of Jilin history society, met a new friend, Liu Gang, a history teacher in Jilin. He told Liu Naizhong that his home was in 1946 from Changchun moved to Jilin City, his father called Liu Zhonghan, the home of a signed Su Dongpo hand rolled ink, I do not know is true, would like to ask Liu Naizhong to help identify. Liu Naizhong had a bright eye and agreed. As a precaution, please Liu Naizhong famous calligrapher Mr. Jin Yian identified.
December 7, 1982 afternoon, when Liu Gang experts face carefully spread the hand, natural, fresh and handy handwriting, the white color texture, such as the new seven tipping paper, scarred Zhu India, the 66 seals of appreciation, vibration in the presence of everyone.
The cultural treasures of more than 900 years have come into being in the east of Guan.
As a genuine product, Liu Gang said to the two gentlemen that it was intended to be dedicated to the country. Then, by letter to Jin Yian Jilin Provincial Museum (formerly Jilin Museum). Jilin Provincial Museum overjoyed immediately sent to contact, which is the later famous calligrapher Mr. Duan Chenggui, when he was deputy director of Jilin Provincial Department of culture Jia Shijin also arrived. In January 26, 1983, the Jilin Provincial Museum held a ceremonious collection ceremony and rewarded Liu Gang with 19000 yuan.
The news of the rediscovery of Su Shi's two Fu quickly sensed the domestic painting and calligraphy circles. In June 1983, the Imperial Palace Museum famous expert calligraphy and painting appraisal Xu Bangda, Liu Jiuan et al made a special trip to Changchun, the volume is undoubtedly authentic dongpo. "Zhang Mo Li Jiancheng five, a naked eye exclaimed." Mr. Xu Bangda expressed the joy of Dongpo authentic reproduction.
The treasure of art, the blessing of the East
Open the box gently and take out the scroll wrapped in a yellow silk