周国平:学语文能力重于知识

近日，作家周国平、新教育实验发起人朱永新来到北京师范大学附属实验中学，在由“中国教育三十人论坛”和北师大实验中学主办的“开卷有益，阅读引领青春”主题活动上与学生们探讨语文学习的意义、阅读在人生命中的重要作用。周国平说，语文教学不是培养作家，而是让我们变成一个有根的人；语文课要学习的绝不只是知识，更重要的是能力。

周国平去年发行了新书《对标准答案说不：试卷中的周国平》，可以说是一份语文教改的意见书。昨天周国平从这本书的创作初衷说起，与现场的中学生们分享了他对于语文学习的认识。“语文课的使命有二，第一是母语学习，训练听说读写能力。”周国平称在一定意义上，爱母语就是爱国。“母语是民族最重要的特征和精神纽带，中国的文化传统就保存在用母语记载的典籍里，母语让一个人有根。所以，语文教学不是培养作家，而是让我们变成一个有根的人。母语学习的过程中会提高人的心灵感受能力，头脑的独立思考能力，这些就是我们常说的人文素质。”周国平特别指出，语文课要学习的绝不只是知识，更重要的是能力。“语法修辞知识要不要知道？要！但这个知识是默默领会的，没有人能靠这些知识写出好文章的，而是要把这些知识融汇在自己的血液中。知识，都有标准答案，逼迫学生猜标准答案，结果是阻碍了理解。很多时候我看着我的文章印在语文试卷上，要求写中心思想、段落大意，我反正是回答不出来的。文章本身确实有一个含义，但是是朦胧的，需要你心中带着积累去阅读体验，在文本的含义和心灵的积累相结合的过程中去理解含义。”周国平主张语文考试应该是让学生们写读后感和书评。

“母语能力和人文素质，都要通过阅读培养。”面对台下的中学生观众，周国平称青春期是一个人精神成长的重要时期，也是阅读习惯和品味确立的时期，将伴随他的终生。谈到写作经验时，周国平称写作要诚实、准确、简易，他反对平时积累好词好句写作时生搬硬套的方法，提高写作能力的方法之一是写日记，“我第一本书发表时是41岁，但我5岁就开始写作，就是写日记。高中开始，每天不落两件事——读课外书和写日记。那时候做这些并不是为了当作家。我之所以是我，就是有这些经历和思考，这才是我最宝贵的财富。最后成为作家，是歪打正着。”

来源：华龙网

Zhou Guoping: the ability to learn Chinese is more than knowledge

Recently, the writer Zhou Guoping, the new educational experiment sponsors Zhu Yongxin visited the experimental middle school affiliated to Beijing Normal University, sponsored by the "thirty Chinese Education Forum and Beijing Normal University Experimental High School" that lead the youth reading "theme activities and students to explore the significance of language learning, reading plays an important role in the life. Zhou Guoping said that Chinese teaching is not to cultivate writers, but to turn us into a rooted person. Language learning is not just knowledge, but more importantly, ability.

Last year, Zhou Guoping issued a new book, "the answer to the standard is not: the Zhou Guoping in the test paper", which can be said to be an opinion book of Chinese teaching reform. From the original intention of this book, Zhou Guoping shared his knowledge of language learning with the students on the spot yesterday. "The mission of the language course is two, the first is the mother tongue learning, the training of listening, speaking, reading and writing." Zhou Guoping said that in a certain sense, love of mother tongue is patriotic. "The mother tongue is the most important character and spiritual bond of the nation, and the Chinese cultural tradition is kept in the classics recorded in the mother tongue, and the mother tongue makes one have a root." Therefore, Chinese teaching is not to cultivate writers, but to make us a person with roots. In the process of learning the mother tongue, we will improve the ability of human mind and the ability to think independently. These are the humanistic qualities we often say. Zhou Guoping especially pointed out that the language lesson to learn is not only knowledge, more important is the ability. "Do grammar and rhetorical knowledge want to know?" To! But this knowledge is understood in silence. No one can write good articles by these knowledge, but to integrate them in their own blood. Knowledge has a standard answer, forcing a student to guess the standard answer, and the result is a hindrance to understanding. Many times I watched my articles printed on Chinese papers and asked to write central ideas and paragraphs. I could not answer it. The article itself does have a meaning, but it is hazy. It needs your heart to accumulate reading experience and understand meaning in the process of combining the meaning of the text with the accumulation of the mind. Zhou Guoping argued that the Chinese examination should let students write book review and Book reviews.

"The ability of the mother tongue and the quality of the humanities should be cultivated through reading." Facing the audience of middle school students, Zhou Guoping said that adolescence is an important period for a person's spiritual growth, and is also a period of reading habits and tastes established, which will accompany him throughout his life. Speaking of writing experience, Zhou Guoping said that writing should be honest, accurate, simple, he opposed the usual accumulation of good words and sentences mechanically method, one way of writing is to write a diary, "is 41 years old and my first book was published, but I'm 5 years old and began writing, is to write a diary. At the beginning of high school, there were two things to do every day - reading books and writing diaries. That's not to be a writer at that time. I am I, I have these experiences and thinking, this is my most precious wealth. Finally become a writer, is a lucky hit."