瓷胎竹编：有限的世界遗产，无限的珍贵财富

   Citaizhubian: limited world heritage, the precious treasure of the infinite

瓷胎竹编于2008年被列入国家非物质遗产名录，但由于各种原因，瓷胎竹编技艺几近失传。如今虽经重新挖掘，恢复生产，仍然处于生存困境。今年6月，四川农业大学“探传承之路，访竹编之乡”实践团队来到邛崃市平乐古镇，对当地非遗文化——瓷胎竹编进行学习和调查。

“瓷胎竹编的工序是很复杂的，而且每道工序都由专门的人负责，破片的破片，染色的染色，编制的人就只负责编制。”李师傅是平乐古镇本地人，几年前也曾从事瓷胎竹编某一工序的工作。据他介绍：“一根合适的竹子，我们只选其中最长的两三节来拉丝，这种工艺，只能用慈竹来做，而且要挑选节长66厘米以上，没有划痕、花斑的，长了两年时间的慈竹。这种慈竹的竹节长，能拉出比头发还细的丝，而且柔软，好编织。”

实践团队了解到，用来编制的竹丝都是要靠手艺人用排针顺着篾片一根一根的抽出来。同时，在抽丝之前，一根慈竹还要经过刮青、锯节、破片、烤色、定色、刮片、冲刀等十几道繁琐工序，才能抽出粗细韧度均匀的竹丝。

瓷胎竹编所用竹丝断面全为矩形，在厚薄粗细上有严格要求，厚度仅为一两根头发丝厚，宽度也只有四五根发丝宽，根根竹丝都通过匀刀，达到厚薄均匀，粗细一致，观者无不赞叹其难。

一把锋利的刀、一张满是灰屑的旧桌，以及一双布满老茧的大手，这便是瓷胎竹编艺人刘师傅在工作中所需要的一切工具。在一间不大不小的工作室里，即使是回答实践队成员问题的空隙，刘师傅也没有停下来休息，日复一日的工作对他来说早习以为常。“竹子的废料我们通常送去造纸，或者等到晒干了拿去放在柴火堆里充当燃料。”刘师傅说，“每次刮片我都会在桌边上使劲磨几下，以保证竹片的平整，这不，桌子现在已经有一个不小的缺口了。”

瓷胎竹编最难的工序，还属编制。竹丝很细软，通常以景德镇、潮州等优质陶瓷为胎，要紧贴着瓷身编织，不仅力度要拿捏得当，还特别费眼睛。瓷胎竹编在制作过程中全凭双手和一把刀进行手工编织，任何机器也替代不了。要让根根竹丝依胎成形，紧贴瓷面，竹丝长度有限，编织时需要拼接，但是，却要让人看不到任何接头，也摸不到任何毛刺，这是这门手艺最厉害的地方，所有接头之处都做到藏而不露，宛如天然生成、浑然一体。“这一坐下来，通常就是一整天。”平乐古镇“中国竹编”工作室的女主人游夫人说，“像我们这样的熟练工，想要编好一个小物件，都得两三天不停，年轻人哪里会愿意坐下来这么久。”

一个地方真正的财富，便是它的文化底蕴。瓷胎竹编，也承载了平乐这个小小古镇的地方文化。据悉，目前，有关部门已经针对该技艺着手开展培训、宣传等工作。相信在各方的共同努力下，瓷胎竹编将再次绽放出独特的光彩。

来源：中国文化报

Citaizhubian in 2008 was included in the national intangible cultural heritage list, but due to various reasons, bamboo craft almost lost. It is still in the plight of survival, although it is re - excavated and restored to production. In June this year, the Sichuan Agricultural Uniersity "into the heritage of the road, visit bamboo town" practice team came to Pingle Ancient Town in Qionglai City, the local culture heritage -- Study and survey citaizhubian.

"Citaizhubian process is very complex, and every process by special person in charge, fragment fragment, dyeing dyeing, making people only responsible for the preparation of." Master Li is a native of Pingle Ancient Town, a few years ago has also engaged in a process of work citaizhubian. He said: "a proper bamboo, we only choose two or three to drawing, the process of the longest, can only be used to do and to choose from, length 66 cm above, no scratches, spots, long time from two years. The bamboo bamboo is long, can pull out the wire finer than a human hair, and a soft, well knit."

Practice team to understand, for the preparation of bamboo is to hand the artist with a bamboo needle down out. At the same time, in the run before a bamboo even after scraping and sawing Festival, fragment, roast color, color, scraping, red knife dozen tedious process to produce bamboo higher.just uniform toughness.

Citaizhubian used bamboo section is rectangular in thickness on the strict requirements, the thickness of only a two hair thick, width is only four or five hair wide, bamboo silk by uniform knife, achieve uniform thickness, uniform thickness, the audience are all difficult to praise.

A sharp knife, with the old table of ashes, and a pair of calloused hands, this is all tool Citaizhubian artist Liu master required in the work of the. In one studio, even the practice team members answer problem space, Master Liu did not stop to rest, day in and day out to work for him early accustomed to. "We usually send out the scrap of bamboo, or wait until the sun is dried and put in the firewood." Master Liu said, "every time I scrape sheets, I will grind them hard on the edge of the table to ensure the smoothness of the bamboo sheets."

Citaizhubian the most difficult step is preparation. Bamboo is very soft, usually in Jingdezhen, Chaozhou and other high quality ceramic tread, to cling to the porcelain woven, not only should be handled properly, especially fee eyes. Citaizhubian in the production process by hands and a knife are hand woven, any machine can not be replaced. Let the bamboo wire in tire forming, close to porcelain, bamboo weaving length is limited, however, need to mosaic, but let people do not see any joint or touch any burrs, this is the most powerful of the craft, all joints are be hidden, like natural generation, all blend into one harmonious whole. "This sits down, usually all day." Pingle Ancient Town "Chinese bamboo" studio tour hostess lady said, "we like the skilled workers, want to write a small object, have two or three days non-stop, young people are willing to sit down for so long."

The real wealth of a place is its cultural heritage. Citaizhubian, also carrying the Pingle this small town of local culture. It is reported that at present, the relevant departments have begun to carry out training, publicity and so on. I believe in the joint efforts of all parties, Citaizhubian will bloom again a unique splendor.