在线教育岂能频频“踩线”

原标题：在线教育岂能频频“踩线”

人民视觉

网课也能玩转“购物节”？

全场热门课程八五折，原价续课时费抽奖得礼包，参加“学习趴”……刚刚过去的“双12”购物节，多家在线教育平台的新优惠、新玩法火了一把。《2017年中国在线教育行业白皮书》显示，2017年中国在线教育市场规模预计达到2810亿元，预计2018年将突破3000亿元关口。

然而，巨大的用户和市场规模背后，却是快速发展中“成长的烦恼”。近期，频频爆出中小学生作业辅导类APP内容涉黄丑闻，让人大跌眼镜；平台资质缺少把关，所谓“名师”不乏掺假注水现象，难以胜任教书育人任务；不少学习者吐槽在线教育视频卡、互动差、软件慢，暴露出现有的技术瓶颈……

党的十九大报告指出，要办好学前教育、特殊教育和网络教育。从“抬头看黑板”到“低头看手机”，形式变化的同时，在线教育能否带来真正的效果提升和体验优化，需要整个行业突破发展瓶颈，持续深入探索。

瓶颈一

内容现低俗 监管有缺位

打开某在线作业辅导APP，点击进入“学生圈”板块，“小学自拍之友”“暗恋心事房”“异地零距离”等内容低俗、言辞暧昧的论坛名称和主题帖标题令人大跌眼镜，有的还被打上“推荐”标签。不少学生家长担心：以为下了软件能让孩子安心学习，没想到还有这么多乱七八糟的东西。

本应成为学习伴侣的在线学习平台，却成为“藏污纳垢”之所。有的APP设立“论坛”“圈子”等，打着“轻松时刻”“精彩世界”的幌子，以低俗恶搞的帖子吸引眼球；有的在功能设计上夹带“私货”，以醒目字眼诱导用户1含有色情、暴力等内容的其他软件，对用户尤其是中小学生的身心健康发展造成不利影响。

今年7月，工信部实施《移动智能终端应用软件预置和分发管理暂行规定》，明确规定互联网信息服务提供者不得提供或传播含有色情内容的移动智能终端应用软件。然而，从规定到落实，仍有相当距离。

8月，一名网名为“小迪”的用户在某在线作业辅导APP上传一组漫画，并声称“每盖10楼（回复或跟帖）就更新一张”。在其已经上传的10余张1中，大多包含了色情淫秽内容。较之涉黄内容的快速传播，平台方却并未及时采取删帖等措施，导致不良内容持续扩散。

除垢扬清，平台严格履职责无旁贷。今年8月，在线作业辅导APP“作业帮”上的“同学圈”板块刊发一份公告：“我们决定停止同学圈的更新和浏览服务，并对内容系统做全面审查和升级。”此前，多个在线作业辅导APP因相关讨论区的发帖涉及黄色低俗内容，引发家长和媒体质疑。

“在线教育行业发展规范有序、守好底线，不仅靠企业和平台严格自律，有关行政部门的监管也不能缺位。”中国人民大学教育学院教授程方平认为，把好行业内容关，还需要教育、工商、网信等多个部门联动，齐抓共管。既要尽快完善相关制度规定、出台规范化体系化标准，还要加大执法力度，建立有效的监管机制和有力的惩治机制，令涉黄等低劣和违法内容无处遁形。

瓶颈二

师资注水分 服务存短板

“学员人均提分26分”“80万学霸在用1对1”“8500位专属名师任选”……今年11月，某在线作业辅导APP在被媒体曝光存在虚假宣传师资情况后，便将上述介绍笼统替代为：“1对1个性化辅导，24小时随时随问轻松学，有网就能连线”。

除了“自吹自擂”，一些平台还暗地给师资注水：曾在某名牌大学进修过便自称“名校毕业”，号称任职于公立学校却可在工作日预约授课……如此“过分包装”，怎能不令人生疑。

挤干在线教育中的宣传水分，首先要从源头上做好把关。在腾讯课堂平台上，授课者作为个人申请入驻时被要求提交包括教师资格证等资格证书，否则将无法完成审核，同样，机构申请入驻时也需办学许可证等教育培训资格证明。目前，该平台入驻机构接近4万家，提供在线课程超过6万门。

“严格的师资筛选和系统的后期培训，是在线教育平台形成自身核心竞争力的重要环节之一。”51Talk创始人兼CEO黄佳佳表示，从一个老师应聘到最后进入51Talk平台授课，总体通过率约为3%，“老师不仅必须拥有资质证书和教学经验，还需要完成全部培训流程，内容涉及课程设计、游戏互动、教案创新等。此外，我们会根据学生对老师的评价，基于学生的反馈机制，对老师进行有针对性的二次培训。”

迅速增长的市场规模下，在线教育服务效果打折也屡屡遭人诟病。目前，有的教学直播引入弹幕加强互动，却成为少数人闲聊调侃的方式；有的作业辅导类APP以自动纠错等为亮点，实际上却成为中小学生变相抄袭答案的“花招”，有违教学初衷；有的平台对用户的退费申请百般拖延，甚至以“超过时限，过时不候”搪塞，令人直呼“退个学费咋就这么难”。

“每一个新兴行业在发展初期都会遇到一些问题，重要的是完善细节、解决问题。”中国社科院信息化研究中心秘书长姜奇平认为，在线教育平台如要良性、可持续发展，一定要从自身做起，诚信经营、尊重用户，努力提高师资教学水平，不断优化用户体验。

瓶颈三

技术待升级 效果打折扣

头戴VR眼镜、操作手柄指点、身临其境感知，在日前结束的第四届世界互联网大会上，在线教育平台学堂在线推出的全沉浸VR教学产品收获不少人气。在线教育的互动性因技术升级而更令人期待。

今年1月，国家发改委批复由北京师范大学联合清华大学、网龙华渔教育等组建互联网教育智能技术及应用国家工程实验室。实验室旨在开展远程教学交互等技术研发，研究制定技术标准。该实验室副主任熊立谈道：“在线教育领域的技术提升与内容优化是一个长期持续的过程，其目标是服务教师和学生，技术应用不仅要让课堂生动有趣，更要提升学习和教学效率。”

新技术的应用，还令以往教学直播卡顿、延迟、掉线等问题得到优化。51Talk自主研发的真人在线互动教学软件“AirClass空中教室”，通过融合最新的视频压缩技术，让在线教学视频的传输更流畅清晰，并根据网络状况自动切换不同状态的音质和画质。目前，该平台超过97%的学员使用“AirClass空中教室”进行在线学习。

“引入新技术完善视频和直播体验的目的，在于提高学习和教学效率。”猿辅导联合创始人李鑫认为，比如通过作业自动批改、在线考试、口语机器评测等新技术、新体验，有助于令在线课堂更高效、更实用。

平台更智能，用户才能充分享受“一对一”体验。但就现阶段技术水平而言，姜奇平认为在线教育还未达到真正的智能化，“大多数平台还难以针对不同学生提供个性化的教学方案，有的仅仅是将线下教育模式照搬到线上，没能发挥线上教育因材施教的效果。”

今年以来，“Uni智能学习系统”“高考机器人”“AI英语老师”等最新应用陆续推出，智能批改、个性定制、语音纠正等炫酷体验，基本覆盖用户对于“教、学、考、评、管”的多样化需求。

技术越来越炫酷，但并不意味着就此完全否定和抛弃线下教育。“线上教育本身是线下教育的延伸，在师生交流、生生交流等方面还不能完全取代线下的传统教育。”程方平指出，在线教育在加强技术创新、完善互动体验的同时，也要与线下教育形成良好的结合和呼应，“线上以听课和自主学习为主，线下以答疑和个性化辅导为主，线上线下教育相辅相成，才能令学习者收获完整的学习体验。”

来源：《 人民日报 》

                 Online education can frequently "step on the line"

Network class can also be fun "Shopping Festival"?

The full range of popular courses 15% off, the original price of the original time fee draws a gift bag, to participate in "learning to lie"... In the past, "double 12" Shopping Festival, many online education platform new concessions, new play fire a fire. In 2017, China online education industry white paper shows that in 2017, the scale of China online education market is expected to reach 281 billion yuan, and it is expected to exceed 300 billion yuan in 2018.

However, behind the huge users and the scale of the market, it is the "growing trouble" in the rapid development. Recently, students frequently burst homework APP content jurisprudence scandal, eye popping; lack of platform qualification checks, the so-called "masters" are adulterated water, difficult for the teaching task; many learners online educational video card, interactive software, Tucao slowly exposed some technical bottlenecks......

The nineteen major reports of the Party pointed out that pre school education, special education and network education should be done well. From "looking up at blackboards" to "looking down at mobile phones", whether online education can bring real effects and experience optimization will change the bottleneck of development and explore continuously.

Bottleneck

There is a shortage of content and vulgar supervision

Open an online homework APP, click into the "circle of students" plate, "primary school self" friends "like real mind" and "remote zero distance" vulgar content, ambiguous words and the name of the forum topic title surprising, some are also playing the "recommended" label. Many parents worry about the idea that the next software can help the children to learn, and there are so many things.

This should be a learning partner online learning platform, has become the "shelter evil people and countenance evil practices". Some APP set up a "forum", "circle" under the banner of "relaxed moment" "wonderful world" guise, to attract the attention of vulgar posts; some entrainment in the functional design of contraband, inducing users to download other software containing pornographic and violent contents in eye-catching words to users, especially adverse effect elementary and middle school students' physical and mental health development.

In July this year, the Ministry of industry and Commerce implemented the Interim Provisions on the management of preset and distribution of mobile intelligent terminal applications, which clearly stipulates that Internet information providers can not provide or disseminate mobile intelligent terminal application software containing pornographic content. However, from the provisions to the implementation, there is still a considerable distance.

In August, a netizen named "Xiao Di" uploaded a group of cartoons on an online homework guidance APP, and claimed that "10 buildings per floor (reply or update) will be updated." Of the more than 10 pictures that they have uploaded, most of them contain pornographic and obscene content. Compared with the rapid spread of yellow content, the platform did not take measures to delete the post in time, which resulted in the continuous diffusion of bad content.

To remove dirt and Yang Qing, the platform is strictly duty bound to be duty bound. In August this year, online homework coaching APP "homework circle" on the "school circle" plate published a notice: "we decided to stop schoolmates' updates and browse services, and make a comprehensive review and upgrading of content system." Earlier, many online homework tutoring APP caused questions from parents and the media because of the Yellow vulgar content in the related discussion area.

"The development of online education industry is standardized and orderly, keeping the bottom line, not only by enterprise and platform strictly self-discipline, and the supervision of the administrative department can not be absent." Cheng Fangping, a professor at the school of education in Renmin University of China, thinks that if we want to control the content of the industry, we need more departments such as education, industry and commerce, network letters and so on. Not only as soon as possible to improve the relevant provisions of the system, the introduction of standardized system of standards, to strengthen law enforcement, establish effective supervision mechanism and effective punishment mechanism, make jurisprudence inferior and illegal content, no place to hide.

Network class can also be fun "Shopping Festival"?

The full range of popular courses 15% off, the original price of the original time fee draws a gift bag, to participate in "learning to lie"... In the past, "double 12" Shopping Festival, many online education platform new concessions, new play fire a fire. In 2017, China online education industry white paper shows that in 2017, the scale of China online education market is expected to reach 281 billion yuan, and it is expected to exceed 300 billion yuan in 2018.

However, behind the huge users and the scale of the market, it is the "growing trouble" in the rapid development. Recently, students frequently burst homework APP content jurisprudence scandal, eye popping; lack of platform qualification checks, the so-called "masters" are adulterated water, difficult for the teaching task; many learners online educational video card, interactive software, Tucao slowly exposed some technical bottlenecks......

The nineteen major reports of the Party pointed out that pre school education, special education and network education should be done well. From "looking up at blackboards" to "looking down at mobile phones", whether online education can bring real effects and experience optimization will change the bottleneck of development and explore continuously.

Bottleneck

There is a shortage of content and vulgar supervision

Open an online homework APP, click into the "circle of students" plate, "primary school self" friends "like real mind" and "remote zero distance" vulgar content, ambiguous words and the name of the forum topic title surprising, some are also playing the "recommended" label. Many parents worry about the idea that the next software can help the children to learn, and there are so many things.

This should be a learning partner online learning platform, has become the "shelter evil people and countenance evil practices". Some APP set up a "forum", "circle" under the banner of "relaxed moment" "wonderful world" guise, to attract the attention of vulgar posts; some entrainment in the functional design of contraband, inducing users to download other software containing pornographic and violent contents in eye-catching words to users, especially adverse effect elementary and middle school students' physical and mental health development.

In July this year, the Ministry of industry and Commerce implemented the Interim Provisions on the management of preset and distribution of mobile intelligent terminal applications, which clearly stipulates that Internet information providers can not provide or disseminate mobile intelligent terminal application software containing pornographic content. However, from the provisions to the implementation, there is still a considerable distance.

In August, a netizen named "Xiao Di" uploaded a group of cartoons on an online homework guidance APP, and claimed that "10 buildings per floor (reply or update) will be updated." Of the more than 10 pictures that they have uploaded, most of them contain pornographic and obscene content. Compared with the rapid spread of yellow content, the platform did not take measures to delete the post in time, which resulted in the continuous diffusion of bad content.

To remove dirt and Yang Qing, the platform is strictly duty bound to be duty bound. In August this year, online homework coaching APP "homework circle" on the "school circle" plate published a notice: "we decided to stop schoolmates' updates and browse services, and make a comprehensive review and upgrading of content system." Earlier, many online homework tutoring APP caused questions from parents and the media because of the Yellow vulgar content in the related discussion area.

"The development of online education industry is standardized and orderly, keeping the bottom line, not only by enterprise and platform strictly self-discipline, and the supervision of the administrative department can not be absent." Cheng Fangping, a professor at the school of education in Renmin University of China, thinks that if we want to control the content of the industry, we need more departments such as education, industry and commerce, network letters and so on. Not only as soon as possible to improve the relevant provisions of the system, the introduction of standardized system of standards, to strengthen law enforcement, establish effective supervision mechanism and effective punishment mechanism, make jurisprudence inferior and illegal content, no place to hide.