揭秘“碧玺之王”帕拉伊巴碧玺

The "king of the Paraiba tourmaline tourmaline"

曾有人这样形容它的美，“只需一眼，就会一见钟情，仿佛被闪电击中一样，无法移开目光。”

品牌故事

BRAND STORY

帕拉伊巴碧玺素面琢型

帕拉伊巴碧玺之所以吸引我们的眼球，不仅仅是因为人类第一次发现它时其绽放出的“霓虹”蓝，还有它无比珍贵的特质，与声名远扬的红宝石、蓝宝石相比，帕拉伊巴碧玺更有收藏价值，它的发现也是全球珠宝行业内极具重大的发现。不言而喻，它们是价值昂贵的珠宝之一。帕拉伊巴碧玺生机勃勃的霓虹蓝，或许没有第二种宝石的颜色能与这样的蓝相媲美。帕拉伊巴碧玺被称为世界上珍贵的宝藏之一，这源于它稀有的发现产地和被发现时的传奇故事。本期《中国宝石》将和所有喜爱帕拉伊巴碧玺的收藏者们一起来解密 “碧玺之王”——帕拉伊巴碧玺。

在巴西的第一次探索

帕拉伊巴碧玺是世界珍贵宝石中的一名新宠。海特·迪马斯·巴尔博萨是一名雄心勃勃的巴西宝石矿商，经过多年的挖掘，1989年的秋天在巴西联邦的帕拉贝州，突然一道从从未见过的彩光如闪电般射来，那是一种无法用语言形容的颜色，是蓝但又不是单纯的蓝，那是一颗非常明亮的绿松石蓝色，蓝光里好像还有霓虹。这种宝石材料经过检验后被立即评定为高等级碧玺品种和特殊宝石等级的位置，并1990年美国图桑珠宝展上，初来乍到的帕拉伊巴电光蓝碧玺一亮相便引起了宝石界的轰动。

随着帕拉伊巴碧玺的发现在世界范围内流传，一段疯狂甚至近乎毁灭性的开采行为陆续上演。在接下来的五年时间里，在这座著名的帕拉伊巴的山丘（400米长、200米宽、65米高）被迅速夷为平地。在这之后，1993年在它附近的一座名叫“巴塔利亚”（Batalha Mine）的矿山也没能逃脱被采空的命运。这人间的珍宝，彷佛一夜之间就消失在茫茫大地上了。

终于在20世纪90年代中期时，探索又发现了新的资料来源，其中最引人注目且值得一提的是Alto dos Quintos矿山，它是属于Paul Wild OHG集团，因此也称为“Wild矿”，又名德国的矿山，它的位置在距离巴塔利亚（Bathala）东北约60公里处。Paul Wild OHG董事长马库斯 · 保罗· 维尔德回忆时说：“我们很幸运，在这个矿中开采出了从中等到相对较大颗粒的高质量的宝石，为了实现这一点，我们也非常的小心仔细，我们并没有盲目的开采，进行深入的科学研究，并且是提高了先进设备之后才进行系统的挖掘和采矿。所以开采成本极高，条件也及其苛刻。”

后来在尼日利亚和莫桑比克还发现了……

就在大家认为帕拉伊巴的故事就要随着巴西矿藏的减少而进入消亡时，神奇的大自然赋予我们又一个奇迹般的惊喜，分别在尼日利亚和莫桑比克确认发现了新的矿藏，甚至比原来的帕拉伊巴州的原石体积还要大，于是从2001年开始帕拉伊巴碧玺的故事便已经进入了它的续集。马库斯·保罗·维尔德（Markus Paul Wild）赞赏道：“在莫桑比克钠锂电气石以冲积卵石的形式被发现时，我们把它从古老的河床中挖掘出来，它的位置不是在帕拉伊巴碧玺形成的巴西帕拉伊巴地区。尽管如此，由于基础设施薄弱以及对高安全性测量的需求，采矿成本仍然非常高”。

巴西帕拉伊巴碧玺的爱好者们对在非洲发现的“所谓的帕拉伊巴碧玺”一直持有谨慎的态度。帕拉伊巴碧玺无与伦比的霓虹蓝色是由铜和锰两个元素所导致的。虽然在非洲发现的原料相对较干净并且尺寸较大，但是它的颜色与巴西的帕拉伊巴碧玺相比略显苍白，色彩饱和度也相对低一些。莫桑比克帕拉伊巴碧玺的原料也不像巴西的那样明亮，但是比尼日利亚的色彩要艳丽一些。然而，莫桑比克帕拉伊巴碧玺和巴西的帕拉伊巴碧玺两者之间在色彩方面有明显的重叠，尤其是从北里奥格兰德产的原料。然而这些细微的差距在外行人眼里是很难发现和捕捉到的。科学家们通过切开原料去努力寻找莫桑比克帕拉伊巴碧玺和巴西的帕拉伊巴碧玺两者特征之间的差异，他们惊讶的发现：最终的测试结果是竟然帕拉伊巴的碧玺和非洲的含铜碧玺成分相同。因此，标准宝石学测试和半定量化学数据分析也不能准确的区分帕拉伊巴碧玺究竟是来自于这三个国家中的哪一个，但是从谱学性质方面来讲，依旧可以通过质谱仪来揭示所属巴西、尼日利亚和莫桑比克这三个产地的宝石成分中轻微的化学差异。

实际上，这对宝石爱好者来说是一件非常值得高兴的事。神奇的大自然让我们还能够看到非洲市场上看到它的身影，它们也将续写帕拉伊巴碧玺的传奇并得以流传。

含铜锂的碧玺颜色范围

在阿富汗，巴基斯坦，纳米比亚和马达加斯加等不同地区，都发现了类似帕拉伊巴蓝绿色的碧玺，但在通过测试后都没有发现铜的成分。

帕拉伊巴碧玺具有很多高度饱和的颜色选择，它们都非常迷人生动：从电蓝色、霓虹蓝色到紫蓝色，呈现中等到高饱和色调，可融汇成蓝绿色甚至紫色。难以描述含铜锂的碧玺可以展现出怎样的壮观色彩，因为那是一种几乎无法用语言来描述的光芒四射和极致的光辉，捧在手心像一汪凝固的湖水，这是一种一定要真实的看到实物色彩的宝石，因为只有这样才能够切身的感受到它那美轮美奂的色彩！帕拉伊巴碧玺也可以出现双色搭配，比如相当罕见通透的西瓜碧玺。帕拉伊巴碧玺的原石在切割之前的颜色其实并不是那么艳丽，只有在切割之后，在无光源或极少光的情况下才会发出强烈的光芒。这就是为什么他们的颜色通常被称为“电”或“霓虹”。大自然珍宝的光环色彩既清新又活泼。即便不是宝石专家也可以看到它独特的颜色属性。帕拉伊巴碧玺中最美的蓝色是“游泳池蓝色”，这是一种独一无二的荧光蓝，并且极具魅丽充满活力。

由最有名望的CIBJO定义帕拉伊巴碧玺

宝石界最具名望的CIBJO和LMHC（Laboratory Manual Harmonization Committee）机构在是一个定期投票并分配授予宝石品种名称的官方国际机构。在2006年-2007年出版《CIBJO蓝皮书》（附件B-商业名称）以来，“帕拉伊巴” 这个名称代表了无论其产地是哪个国家、颜色由绿到蓝的含铜碧玺。这意味着，尽管巴西和非洲的所有矿藏都有从紫色到绿色的颜色，但是严格来讲，只有绿色到蓝色的品种才可以正式定义为帕拉伊巴碧玺。

非洲VS 巴西

巴西的帕拉伊巴碧玺在发掘的时候非常分散。重量超过5克拉并且没有被破坏的原石是非常罕见的，只有很少的晶体重量有超过15克。因此，能用肉眼所看到的纯净帕拉伊巴碧玺也不过2到3克拉左右。

我们很少会看到5克拉大小并且还相对干净的巴西帕拉伊巴碧玺。但是大小并不是巴西帕拉伊巴碧玺的价值所在，而是它的颜色。因此经销商在所有因素都平等的情况下，在一颗大克拉和一颗颜色生动的帕拉伊巴碧玺中做出选择，那么最智慧的选择一定是拥有颜色生动的帕拉伊巴碧玺。

在非洲生产的帕拉伊巴碧玺往往是较大的。在那里发现了许多直径超过5克拉，其澄澈度中等并在10克拉左右的石头，罕见的是还发现了50多克拉的特殊石头，并切割超过了100多克拉大小的石头。

但是无论产地是在哪里，帕拉伊巴碧玺都非常昂贵，因为它们比钻石更加稀有。保罗·维尔德公司（Paul Wild OHG）有丰富的帕拉伊巴碧玺宝石的资源储存，保罗·维尔德通过其在莫桑比克的子公司拥有了多个采矿权，并一直在积极运作和投资多个矿场。有的直接参与了采矿，最重要的是在德国的工作室里有经验丰富的宝石切割大师们来切割这些珍品，因为只有他们才知道怎样可以展现出宝石最好的优势。保罗·维尔德公司正是用他们自身优越的条件为企业和宝石爱好者带来无限的财富。

光彩夺目的帕拉伊巴碧玺总是被珠宝佩戴者和宝石收藏家视为珍宝。宝石界的眼球从一开始就被具有极强光彩的帕拉伊巴碧玺所吸引。在过去的历史个问题，本期我们采访了保罗·维尔德公司中国区总经理李雅娜女士，她这样告诉我们：“在巴西出土的宝石被人们视为“原始的宝石”，但是我想说的是，每块石头的个性和品质上都各不相同。这使得他们的价值也不尽相同，能拥有一块帕拉伊巴碧玺已经是一件十分幸运的事了。而现如今，中国市场上人们对于纯净的大颗的巴西产地帕拉伊巴碧玺的需求十分广泛，而且已经无法满足。我希望人们对于每一颗碧玺都能根据其自身的价值和品质来定义，而并不因为它们的产地不同带上有色眼镜。”维尔德在早期便意识到帕拉伊巴的稀缺性，他说：“因为它是如此罕见，帕拉伊巴碧玺一定是一项奢侈和安全的投资”。

热处理与未加热处理

当被问及热处理问题时，保罗·维尔德公司中国区总经理李雅娜女士说道：“在帕拉伊巴碧玺开始营销时，西方市场似乎没有人特别关注这方面。但是一旦目标明确之后，霓虹蓝色在市场上得到了呼声更高的时候，人们开始尝试通过加热处理来改变紫色的颜色。然而许多石头都经过了这种热处理，大多数的工作室都没有记录下任何变化，甚至没有一块石头发生的记录变化。令人遗憾的是，实验室直到今天都不能检测到加热过程。”未加热的帕拉伊巴碧玺通常比处理过的价值更高。但李雅娜女士斗胆做出一个预测：“铜致色碧玺的所有沉淀物都产生一系列不同寻常的颜色，从独特生动的紫蓝色到紫色，实际上是由碧玺所显示的最稀有的颜色。到目前为止，即使是最好的紫水晶，其紫色被加热，它们的稀有性和艳丽度都并不足以与青色色调的流行程度相抗衡，而且大部分都是传统加热，消除紫色色调。然而，尽管宝石行业对紫色样本的价值有所降低，但我相信这一趋势正在改变，因为随着‘天然’未经处理的宝石的吸引力越来越受欢迎，特别是在中国。因此，这种色调的价值可能是未来升值幅度最大的”。

虽然热处理是帕拉伊巴碧玺采购商可以广泛接受的标准程度，甚至接受某些线索和其他化学品的稳定化处理。但是现在大部分产自巴西的帕拉伊巴碧玺的清晰度是有所增强的。 总结保罗·维尔德公司中国区总经理李雅娜女士关于帕拉伊巴碧玺的描述，对于想要收藏的买家来说有以下三点建议：1）深色饱和度，2）独特的蓝绿色调，3）缺乏“光灭”（吸收光）所有这些都有助于宝石散发出霓虹蓝色的光彩。

展区一隅

Kelly Xie Fine Jewelry 18K白金镶嵌帕拉伊巴碧玺戒指

Kelly Xie Fine Jewelry 18K白金镶嵌帕拉伊巴碧玺戒指

来源：北京时间

The "king of the Paraiba tourmaline tourmaline"

Someone once described the beauty of it. "Just one eye, it will fall in love at first sight, as if it was struck by lightning, and can't move his eyes."

Brand story

BRAND STORY

Plain cut Paraiba tourmaline

Source: Beijing time, its location is not formed in the Brazil area of Paraiba Paraiba tourmaline. However, the cost of mining is still very high because of the weak infrastructure and the demand for high security measurements.

The Parra Iba tourmaline fans in Brazil have been cautious about the so-called "so-called Parra Iba tourmaline" found in Africa. The unparalleled neon blue of Parra Iba's tourmaline is caused by two elements of copper and manganese. Although the material found in Africa is relatively clean and large size, but its color and Brazil Paraiba tourmaline slightly compared with pale color saturation is relatively low. Mozambique Paraiba tourmaline raw material was also Brazil is not so bright, but the ratio of color to some beautiful Nigeria. However, between Mozambique and Brazil's Parra Iba Parra Iba tourmaline tourmaline both in terms of color has the obvious overlap, especially from the production of raw materials, the Rio grande. However, these subtle gaps are difficult to find and capture in the eyes of the outsiders. Scientists are trying to find the difference between the characteristics of Mozambique Parra Iba tourmaline and Brazil's tourmaline in Brazil by cutting raw materials. They are surprised to find that the final test result is that Parra Iba's tourmaline is the same as the copper bearing tourmaline in Africa. Therefore, analysis of the standard gemmological and semi quantitative chemical data cannot distinguish accurate Paraiba tourmaline which is from the three countries, but from the spectral properties in terms of still to reveal chemical differences by using mass spectrometry minor components in Brazil, Nigeria gem and Mozambique three areas in.

In fact, this is a very happy thing for the jewel lovers. The magic of nature so that we can also see the African market see its shadow, they will continue to spread and the legend of Paraiba tourmaline.

The color range of the tourmaline containing copper lithium

In Afghanistan, Pakistan, in different regions of Namibia and Madagascar, have found a similar green blue Paraiba tourmaline, but after the test found no copper component.

Parra Iba tourmaline has many highly saturated color selections. They are very charming and vivid. They are from electric blue, neon blue to violet blue, showing medium to high saturation tones, and can be made into blue-green or even purple. It is difficult to describe the copper containing lithium tourmaline can show how spectacular color, because it is a little beyond words to describe the radiant and ultimate glory, in the palm of the hand like a frozen lake Wang, this is a must see the kind of true color stones, because the only way to personal experience to its magnificent colors! Paraiba tourmaline can also appear double color collocation, such as rare transparent watermelon tourmaline. Parra Iba jasper stone before cutting the color is not so bright, only after cutting, in the absence of light or light rare circumstances will send a strong light. That's why their colors are usually called "electricity" or "neon". The aura of nature treasure is fresh and lively. Even if not a gemstone expert can see its unique color properties. The most beautiful blue of Parra Iba's tourmaline is "swimming pool blue", which is a unique kind of fluorescent blue, and is very charming and full of vitality.

Defined by CIBJO Paraiba tourmaline most prestigious

The most prestigious CIBJO and LMHC (Laboratory Manual Harmonization Committee) institutions in the gem world are a regular international voting and distributing official name of the gem. In 2006 -2007 CIBJO published "blue book" (Annex B- trade name), the name "Paraiba" represents whether its origin is which country, color from green to blue copper containing tourmaline. This means that, although all deposits in Brazil and Africa are from purple to green color, but strictly speaking, only the green to blue varieties can be formally defined as Paraiba tourmaline.

VS Brazil, Africa

Brazil Paraiba tourmaline very scattered at the excavation time. The weight of more than 5 carats and no destruction of the original stone is very rare, only a few crystal weight more than 15 grams. Therefore, can see the pure Paraiba tourmaline is only 2 to about 3 carats.

We seldom see the 5 carat size and relatively clean Brazil Paraiba tourmaline. But the size is not Brazil Paraiba tourmaline value, but its color.  So when dealers are equal in all factors, choose a large carat and a vivid Parra Iba tourmaline. The most intelligent choice is to have vivid and colorful Parra Iba tourmaline.

The Parra Iba tourmaline produced in Africa is often larger. More than 5 carats many diameter found there, and in the middle of the clear about 10 carat stone, rare is also found a special stone more than 50 carats, and cut more than more than 100 carat stone.

But no matter where the origin is, Parra Iba's tourmaline is very expensive, because they are more rare than diamonds. Paul Wilde Paul (Wild OHG) is rich in resources storage of its resources. Paul Wilde has multiple mining rights through its subsidiary in Mozambique, and has been actively working and investing several mines. Some of them are directly involved in mining. Most importantly, there are experienced gemstone cutting masters in German studios to cut these treasures, because only they can know how to show the best advantages of gemstones. Paul Wilde company is using their own superior conditions for enterprises and gem lovers to bring unlimited wealth.

The Paraiba tourmaline has always been The brightness dazzles the eyes. jewelry and gem collectors treasure. From the beginning, the eyeballs of the jewel world were attracted by the extremely brilliant tourmaline tourmaline. In the long history of the past, Paraiba tourmaline has gained strongly sought after, the world gem enthusiasts now, they are extremely popular, gemstone industry is also one of the most expensive jewels. The price of Parra Iba's gemstone in the rising price and its position cannot represent the true value of the tourmaline.

The problem about how to make a choice to guide consumers in Brazil and African origin Parra Iba tourmaline, we interviewed the general manager Ms. Li Yana China Paul Wilde company, she told us that: "in Brazil unearthed gems are regarded as the" original gem ", but I want to say is, personality and quality each stone are different. This makes their value are not the same, can have a Paraiba tourmaline is a very lucky thing. And now, people Chinese market demand for pure big Brazil origin Paraiba tourmaline is very extensive, but has been unable to meet the. I hope people for every one can tourmaline according to their own values and to define the quality, and not because of their different origin with tainted glasses." Wilde realized the scarcity of Parra Iba in the early stage. He said, "because it is so rare, Parra Iba tourmaline must be a luxury and safe investment."

Heat treatment and unheated treatment

When asked about the problem of heat treatment, Ms. Paul Wilde, general manager of China General Office of, said: "when Parra Iba tourmaline started marketing, no one seemed to pay much attention to this aspect in western market. But once the target is clear, when neon blue gets higher voice in the market, people begin to try to change the color of purple by heating treatment. However, many stones have been treated by this kind of heat treatment. Most of the studios haven't recorded any changes or even recorded changes in a stone. Unfortunately, the laboratory can't detect the heating process until today. " The unheated Parra Iba tourmaline is usually more valuable than it has been treated. But Ms. Li Yana made a bold prediction: "all deposits are caused by copper color tourmaline produces a series of unusual colors, from the unique and vivid purple blue to purple, is actually displayed by the rare color tourmaline. So far, even the best Amethyst has been heated by purple, their rarity and colourarity are not enough to match the popularity of the blue tint, and most of them are traditionally heated to eliminate the purple hue. However, although the value of the gem industry has been reduced to purple samples, I believe this trend is changing, because the attraction of natural "unprocessed gemstones" is becoming more and more popular, especially in China. Therefore, the value of this tone may be the greatest appreciation in the future.

Although heat treatment is the standard degree that Parra Iba tourmaline purchasers can accept widely, it even accepts certain clues and other chemicals to stabilize the treatment. But the sharpness of most of the Parra Iba tourmaline, produced in Brazil, is now enhanced. MS Li Yana, general manager of Chinese District Paul Wilde summed up the company description about Paraiba tourmaline, has the following three suggestions for collection of buyers: 1) 2) dark saturation, unique blue and green, 3) the lack of "light out" (absorption) all contribute to the neon blue gemstones exudes brilliance.

A corner of the exhibition area

Kelly Xie Fine Jewelry 18K white gold inlaid a Tourmaline Ring

Kelly Xie Fine Jewelry 18K white gold inlaid a Tourmaline Ring

Source: Beijing time