中高考数学题的正确打开姿势，你get了吗

中学生普遍抱怨数学科目难学，一些人甚至毕业多年后还会在梦中被数学考试吓醒。北京九中校长、数学高级教师林乐光接受人民网采访时表示，大家都说数学难，其实难就难在思维方法上。

当教研员的五年里，林乐光经常去听课，他最反对老师这样“开场”：同学们，今天这节课很难，一定要认真听讲，要跟着老师的思路走。“上课本来是个互动的过程，老师却‘一手包办’，把学生都排斥出去了。”俗话说，难者不会，会者不难。再难的题，也应该是先告诉学生方法，让学生自然而然地推进，最后老师总结并鼓励：这道题非常难，同学们却能够做对，真不错！

1993年，林乐光从华东师大数学系毕业后成为一名数学教师。回忆起头三年的教书时光，他说那时候自己很盲目，还没“开窍”，以为备课教课就是抄题、做题、讲题。“直到有一次，一个特别有经验的老师带着我们一拨年青老师到处听课，并做课题、做研究，我才恍然大悟老师还可以这样当。”

“学数学，做题很重要，但最重要的还是数学的思维方式。”林乐光喜欢把做数学题比作盖楼，盖楼时需要先把结构搭好再装修。而老师往往是盖了一层楼，就装修得很漂亮，再盖第二层，再装修得很漂亮。如果没有事先把整体结构告诉学生，他们就不知道你的每一次装修是为了什么，也不知道你接下来做的动作与整体结构的关系是什么。

在林乐光看来，学生抱怨“数学难”主要是因为人人都想拿到最高分。考试时，大部分学生尤其是好学生觉得前面的题简单，快做，结果匆匆忙忙把会做的题做错，然后冥思苦想完成的题也没有做对，这样怎么拿得到高分呢？卷子上全都是血淋淋的教训：简单的题丢5分常见，但后面的大题想拿到5分太不容易。数学科目如此，其他科目考试道理也是一样的，不能为了“追求”高分而忽视基础知识上的得分。

拿多少分能上个好大学？林乐光为大家算了一笔高考账：拿到总分750分的80%——600分就能考上一个非常好的大学，拿到总分的90%就能进清华北大。

“以前我的老师跟我讲，做数学题不应该是一上来就动笔写，一定要先想。第一是弄清问题；第二是制定方案；第三是实施，才开始动笔；第四步回顾反思。”林乐光发现，学生都习惯于从第三步开始，一上来就动笔写，写得不对就划掉再写。

苏格拉底曾说，未经过思考的人生不值得一过。林乐光笑着说，数学题也是人生，也要思考，先弄清问题再制定方案。一道题如果有两三种解题方法，可以选择自己擅长的，也可以选老师经常讲的，还可以选不容易出错的“笨”方法。

目前，不少小学生三年级开始就报课外班学习奥数。在林乐光看来，奥数有两类。一类奥数的本质是提前学习后面学段的内容，没有意义，我不赞成学；另一类奥数则是开发智力，激发解题的开阔性、思维的发散性，但是真正能把奥数讲得好的人特别少，因为它需要对数学有很深的理解之后才能向学生输出。

来源：凤凰

The correct opening posture of the math problem in the college entrance examination, are you get

Middle school students generally complain that math subjects are difficult to learn, and some even after years of graduation will be awakened by math tests in their dreams. Lin Leguang, a senior teacher in Beijing and a senior mathematics teacher in Beijing, told the people's network that everyone said that mathematics was difficult. In fact, it was difficult to think in the way of thinking.

During the five years of teaching and research staff, Lin Leguang often listens to lectures. He is most opposed to teachers' opening. "Students today, this lesson is very difficult. They must listen carefully and follow the teacher's thinking. The class is a process of interaction, but the teacher, the students are "single handedly" rejection out." As the saying goes, it is not difficult to be difficult, and the person is not difficult. The difficult problem is to first tell the students the way to let the students advance naturally. Finally, the teacher sums up and encourages: this problem is very difficult, but the students can do it right. It's really good.

In 1993, Lin Leguang became a math teacher after graduating from the Department of mathematics in East China Normal University. Recall the beginning three years of teaching time, he said that you are not blind, "resuscitation", that is, the problem of copying exercises lessons to teach, topic. "Until one time, a very experienced teacher took our young teacher everywhere to listen to lectures, and did research and research.

"Learning mathematics is very important, but the most important thing is the way of thinking in mathematics." Lin Leguang love to do the math to levy, levy should take a good decoration structure. And the teacher often covers a floor, the decoration is very beautiful, and then cover second layers, and the decoration is very beautiful. If you don't tell the whole structure to students in advance, they will not know what your decoration is for, or what the relationship between your next action and the overall structure is.

In Lin Leguang's view, students complain that "math is difficult" is mainly because everyone wants to get the highest score. When the exam, most students especially students feel good in front of the question is simple, fast, the bundled will make the question wrong, then wonder the question did not do, how to take this to get high marks? All the lessons on the paper are bloody lessons: simple questions are 5 points common, but it is not easy to get 5 points in the following big questions. The math subject is the same, and the other subjects are the same in the exam. They can't ignore the basic knowledge in order to "pursue" high scores.

How many points can you get to a good university? Lin Leguang counted out a college entrance examination account for everyone: get 80% to 600 points of 750 points, and you will be admitted to a very good university, and 90% of the total score will enter Qinghua University.

"Before my teacher told me that the math problem should not be written in one way, and I must think first. The first is to make clear the problem; the second is to make a plan; the third is to implement it, and the fourth step is to review and reflect. " Lin Leguang found that the students are accustomed to starting from the third step, writing on the first, writing is wrong and write off.

Socrates once said that life without thinking is not worth a passing. Lin Leguang laughed and said that the math problem is also life, also to think, first make clear the problem and then make plans. If there are two or three ways to solve a problem, you can choose what you are good at, or you can choose what your teacher often tells you. You can also choose the "stupid" method that is not easy to make mistakes.

At present, many pupils begin to report the number of extracurricular classes in grade three. In Lin Leguang's view, there are two kinds of Olympic numbers. The essence of a Mathematical Olympiad is to advance the back section of the learning content, no meaning, I don't approve of; another kind of Mathematical Olympiad is the development of intelligence, divergent open, stimulate thinking problem-solving, but can really Olympiad who speaks better less special, because it needs to have a deep mathematical in order to understand students to output.