导演吴有音四赴极地体验生活 28天实景拍摄共赴南极之恋

Director Wu Youyin four to the polar region to experience life for 28 days to shoot the love of Antarctica

　　三次去南极，一次去北极，28天实景拍摄，让正在上映的电影《南极之恋》成为全球第一部在南极拍摄的故事片，也让“下生活”这三个字，被主创扎扎实实地镌刻在了行动里。该片编剧、导演吴有音说，《南极之恋》展现的，不仅仅是南极纯粹的自然之美，也有电影工业之美。

　　积累素材：靠电缆线找方向

　　先写小说，再将其搬上大银幕，是吴有音一直以来的创作模式。这位刚过不惑之年的导演，希望自己的作品能以文字和影像两种形式传达。创作《南极之恋》的初衷，是他想找到一个“极端环境中捏得特别紧的强戏剧结构”，“这种故事情节相对简单，但对人物挖得很深，就像《老人与海》。”他考虑过珠峰、罗布泊，但最终把故事放在了南极，生存与爱情，都在那一片苍茫冰雪中展开。

　　吴有音认同老一辈文艺工作者“下生活”的创作理念，为了创作《南极之恋》故事，他曾三赴南极、一赴北极体验生活，做过两次南极科考队员。

　　与南极的第一次相遇，至今让他历历在目。“雪龙号”科考船登陆时，需要撞开厚厚的冰层，尽量靠近南极大陆。数日来，吴有音默默坐在船舱里，听见船一次次倒车，积蓄力量，然后拼足马力，“咣当”一声撞上冰层。这种声音，甚至让他产生了一种悲壮的感觉。

　　待到船终于着陆，吴有音第一个走下来，眼前是一片洁白的海冰，一直绵延到天边。直升机在头顶嗡嗡盘旋，放下一张巨大的网兜，所有人把集装箱里的补给物资扔进网兜，目送直升机飞向远处的中山站。鲜红的“雪龙号”、洁白的海冰，穿着桔红色防寒服的科考队员们在海冰上通宵卸货，远处是苍茫的南极大陆。“南极没有让我失望。”吴有音说。

　　几次极地经历为他的创作积累了丰富的素材和灵感。影片男主角吴富春在南极跋涉中遇到的雪盲症、白毛风，吴有音都亲身经历过。有一次凌晨三点，吴有音独自外出，想拍点东西，结果遇上白毛风，瞬间迷失方向，最后是摸到地上一根电缆线，顺着线一点点爬回去的。

　　在吴有音看来，《南极之恋》不仅是一个冒险故事，也是一次对南极的科普，“小说和电影的情节都经过严密的逻辑推理和专家论证，有很强的科学性。”

　　拍摄日常：盒饭一打开就凉

　　尽管南极不属于任何国家，但并不是谁都可以去那儿拍戏。除了得到中国相关部门的批准、符合《南极条约》规定，还要经过国家南极局局长理事会的同意——这个国际组织会集体评估任何在南极发生的事情，如果有很多国家反对，拍摄也无法成行。为此，剧组准备了各种环境评估报告、伤病预案、火灾预案等材料，翻译成不同文字，交给理事会。2015年10月19日，吴有音带着40人的剧组前往南极，历时28天完成了在南极的实拍。

　　每天早上六点钟，伴随着长城站外雪地车嘟嘟的发动声，剧组成员吃一顿热乎乎的早饭，然后扛起所有的装备出工。站上为剧组提供了三辆车：一辆车底改造成履带的越野车，一辆大型雪地车，还有一辆雪上摩托车。三辆车先来回运好几趟，把人和设备送到离片场较近的一个地方。然后所有人再扛着大包小包，徒步走到拍摄地点，每次要走上半个小时到一个小时。吴有音回忆，当时剧组并不觉得“暴走”南极很痛苦，反而觉得每天的这段路程“很美好”，“因为看得到希望，觉得我们今天又能完成一段拍摄。”

　　虽然气温没有低得那么夸张，但南极“最要命的”是风大。一阵“妖风”吹来，能瞬间把人吹透，体感温度在零下二三十摄氏度。尽管所有人都穿着连体防寒服，戴着帽子、口罩、眼镜，还是冻得很难受。主演赵又廷在片中只能穿分段式的衣服，风全从腰里钻进去了，非常难受。每次拍完一条，就会有工作人员冲上去用棉被把他裹起来，围着他堆一座人墙，帮他挡风。

　　别看极昼时南极全是白天，周围又一片洁白，但打光恰恰成为拍摄时的一大难题。因为雪会反光，反而会把人脸上的光全都弄没了，拍出来人脸是黑的。拍摄时，往往要通过补光、压光、反光等多种手段处理。再加上风又大，有时候需要十几个人摁住一块反光板，才能保证不被吹跑。

　　每天中午，制片组开着车把热饭热菜送到片场，大家便围坐在冰天雪地中吃盒饭。尽管热饭热菜一打开几乎就凉了，不过也没人在意，有吃的、能歇会儿就不错了。

　　为保护南极的环境，所有人都自备尿袋和便袋，抽烟的工作人员会自备烟缸，不让烟灰落地。用完的尿袋还要装进自己的衣服内袋，一是要回收，二是能起到一定的保暖效果。

　　灵活应变：与海豹不期而遇

　　在南极拍电影，有时得“任性”，有时却来不得一点儿“任性”。恶劣的自然环境为人和设备的大幅度移动带来了相当大的困难，看着离得很近的一次调动，可能要花费小半天。开机前吴有音曾独自去过一次南极勘景，用GPS记下了取景地的经纬度。拍摄时，每天他也会和摄影指导开着雪地摩托再次勘景。

　　“第一次勘景时我发现了一个满地都是玛瑙的山谷，很漂亮，我留了很多资料。拍摄时发现找不着了，我就问：玛瑙谷呢？结果他们指着旁边一个小土包说，导演，这就是那座山，被雪埋掉了。”南极让吴有音感慨，在自然力面前，人是多么渺小。

　　拍摄南极动物时，更需要灵活机动。有天拍摄即将收工时，一群企鹅恰到好处地出现在剧组眼前。吴有音当即决定，立刻让赵又廷换装，拍摄和企鹅互动的镜头。然而赵又廷的造型非常麻烦，做好脸上的胡子和伤疤要一个小时。刚弄了一半，企鹅就跑了。造型组问吴有音，还换不换，他说：“换。”没想到换装之后，企鹅真的又回来了。

　　片中还有一场赵又廷和海豹互动的戏，也属于可遇而不可求。南极虽随处可见大海豹，但吴有音想拍一只萌萌的小海豹，他给执行美术下了命令，一定要找到一只小海豹。于是执行美术每天忧心忡忡地在外面寻觅。有一天都已经收工了，副导演飞奔进来大喊：“导演，快快！海豹找到了！”大伙儿抓起装备就奔过去，只见一只小海豹因为年少无知爬进了长城站，被困在一个雪垛里。一旁的执行美术嘿嘿坏笑，如释重负。

Director Wu Youyin four to the polar region to experience life for 28 days to shoot the love of Antarctica

The three time I went to the Antarctic, I went to the north pole for 28 days, and made the movie "Antarctic love" the world's first feature film captured in the Antarctic. It also made the three words of "down life" firmly carved in the action. The screenwriter and director Wu Youyin said the "love of Antarctica" shows not only the pure natural beauty of the Antarctic, but also the beauty of the film industry.

Accumulating material: looking for direction by cable

Writing a novel first and moving it to the big screen are the creative patterns that Wu Youyin has always been. Just after the age of 40 director, hopes his work with text and images of two forms of communication. The original intention of creating "Antarctic love" is that he wants to find a "strong drama structure which is pinched in extreme environment". "This plot is relatively simple, but dig up the characters very deeply, like" the old man and the sea ". He considered Mount Everest, Lop Nor, but eventually put the story in the Antarctic, living and love, in the vast expanse of ice and snow.

Wu Youyin agreed with the older generation of literary and art workers' "living" concept. In order to create the story of Antarctic love, he went to the Antarctic and went to the Arctic to experience life three times, and did two Antarctic expedition members.

The first meeting with the Antarctic has made him all the time. "Snow Dragon expedition ship landed, need to open the thick ice, as close as possible to the Antarctic continent. The number of days, Wu Youyin sat silently in the cabin, the ship heard again and again reversing, power savings, and then fight the hype, "crash" a bump on the ice. This sound even made him feel a sad feeling.

When the ship finally landed, Wu Youyin first came down, a white sea ice, all the way to the edge of the sky. A helicopter hovering over buzz, laying down a huge net, all the supplies into the bag in the container, watched the helicopter flying distance of the Zhongshan Railway Station. Red snow dragon, white ice, dressed in orange clothes explorers unloading overnight on sea ice, the distance is a vast continent. "The Antarctic did not disappoint me." Wu Youyin said.

Several polar experiences accumulated rich material and inspiration for his creation. The film actor Wu Fuchun met in the trek to the South Pole in snowblindness, Baimaofeng, Wu Youyin experienced. There is a three in the morning, Wu Youyin go out alone, want to take something, the results met Baimaofeng, lost direction, and finally touched the ground wire, along the line a little climb back.

In Wu Youyin's view, love in Antarctica is not only an adventure story but also a popular science for Antarctica.

Shoot Daily: a box of rice is cold when it opens.

Although the Antarctic does not belong to any country, it is not anyone who can go there to make a play. In addition to China obtained the approval of relevant departments and comply with the "Antarctic Treaty" provisions, but also after the director of the State Council agreed that the international organization will assess any collective in the Antarctic happened, if there are a lot of countries opposed, shooting is also unable to make the trip. To this end, the crew prepared various environmental assessment reports, injury plans, fire plans and other materials, translated into different languages and handed over to the Council. In October 19, 2015, Wu Youyin went to the Antarctic with a crew of 40 people and completed a real beat in the Antarctic for 28 days.

Every day at six o'clock in the morning, with the Great Wall Railway Station snowmobile toot started, crew members have a warm breakfast, and then carry out all the equipment. The station provided three cars for the crew: a car with a crawler, a large snowy car, and a snowboard motorcycle. The three vehicles carried several trips back and forth first, and sent people and equipment to a place closer to the field. Then all the people carry large bags and packs, walking to the location of the shooting, each time to walk half an hour to an hour. Wu Youyin recalled, when the crew does not feel "runaway" Antarctic is very painful, but feel that this journey every day is good "," because the hope that we can finish a shooting today."

Although the temperature is not so exaggerated, the "most important" of the Antarctic is the wind. A "evil wind" blowing, instantly put people blow through, body temperature at twenty or thirty degrees celsius. Even though everyone is wearing a piece of winter clothes, hats, masks, glasses, or frozen hard. Starring Mark in the film can only wear segmented clothes, the wind from the waist into, very uncomfortable. Each finished one, there will be staff rushed with blankets wrapped him up, he piled around a wall, the wind to help him.

Don't look at the day when the Antarctic is around during the day, and a white, but just lighting has become a major problem when shooting. Because the snow will reflect the light, instead of making all the light on the face, the face is black. When shooting, often through the light, light pressure, reflective and other means of treatment. In addition to the wind and big, sometimes a dozen people need to press a light plate, to ensure that not to be blown away.

Every day at noon, the production team drove to the hot set, you will be sitting in the lunch box in a world of ice and snow. Although the hot meal opened almost cool, but nobody cares, eat, can rest well.