以4%为起点，实现“更好的教育”

如果说教育经费的投入更多取决于信心和决心的话，教育经费的使用，则更依赖于科学的制度设计和投入导向的优化

不久前，有媒体报道了教育部的“4%办公室”，再次引发人们对中国教育经费的关注。这个2012年成立的机构，使命就是推动教育经费支出实现占GDP总量4%的目标。如今看，“连续5年超过4%”的目标已经实现，如何守住、用好这“4%”，成了我们要面对的新考题。

在中国教育发展改革的进程中，很少有过一个数字能如4%这样，万众瞩目、牵动人心。早在1993年，《中国教育改革和发展纲要》首次提出4％的目标；2012年，国家财政性教育经费支出占GDP的4.28%，实现4%的突破；此后连续5年间4%的目标全部实现，并于2016年首超3万亿元。一场从“追4”到“破4”再到“保4”的“攻坚战”，兑现了财政教育投入要明显高于财政经常性收入增幅的庄严承诺，彰显了教育优先发展战略的坚定决心。

教育经费占国内生产总值比例，是世界上衡量一个国家教育水平的通行指标。对于拥有世界最大教育规模的中国来说，4%目标的达成格外重要、尤为不易。维持如此大规模教育的正常运转，势必需要持续稳定增长的财力保障。义务教育、学前教育、职业教育、普通高中教育、高等教育，需要持之以恒的投入保障；乡村教师、边远贫困地区、民族地区，也需要用教育投入夯实公平和均衡发展之基。尤其是在过去几年间，在财政收支矛盾突出的背景下，中国的教育经费却做到“只增不减”，打赢了4%的“保卫战”，教育改革蹄疾步稳，百姓有实实在在的获得感。

有了钱，还要花得好、见实效。这有赖于科学的制度设计和投入导向的优化。过去5年间，国家财政性教育经费的使用始终坚持以绩效为导向，坚持“保基本、守底线、补短板、促公平”，坚持向农村地区、贫困地区、民族地区和困难群体倾斜，保证了教育支出结构的进一步优化、资金使用效益的进一步提高。

持续高效投入带来的教育发展进步显而易见：学前教育加快普及、义务教育进入优质均衡发展新阶段、高中阶段教育基本普及、高等教育大众化水平显著提升、现代职业教育框架体系基本确立、精准资助全面推进……全世界都在瞩目，中国的教育公平取得了长足进步、教育服务经济社会发展的能力正不断增强，中国的教育事业总体发展水平挺进世界中上行列。

安不忘虞，在肯定成绩的同时，仍需清醒而理智的认知。放眼国际，4%的投入水平，距离世界发达国家还存在一定差距，未来保持4%的投入强度，还需要付出持续的努力。今天，时代赋予中国教育事业前所未有的重任：让脱贫攻坚的成效可持续，需要帮助更多贫困学子通过接受良好教育脱贫致富、改变命运、服务家乡，阻断贫困代际传递；实施创新驱动发展战略，培育经济发展新动能，迫切需要强化科教融合发展，高校创新能力全面提升；中国日益走近世界舞台的中央，教育需要进一步深化对外的交流与合作，从而促进民心相通，在大国外交中发挥独特作用……

时代留给中国教育的考题，也是世界留给中国的考题。回答好这些考题，实现“更好的教育”，需要教育的持续投入、优先发展，切实做到“让13亿人民享有更好更公平的教育”。4%只是起点，而不是终点。每个中国人都在期待，4%带来的教育改变，能够更丰富、更真切。

来源：人民网

Taking 4% as the starting point to achieve "better education"

If education investment is more dependent on confidence and determination, the use of educational funds is more dependent on scientific system design and input oriented optimization.

Not long ago, the media reported the "4% office" of the Ministry of education, once again sparking people's attention to China's education funds. The mission, established in 2012, is to promote the goal of achieving 4% of the total GDP of education expenditure. Now, the goal of "over 4% for 5 years" has been achieved. How to keep and use this "4%" has become a new question we have to face.

In the course of China's education and development reform, there are few figures, such as 4%, which have attracted the attention of all the people. As early as 1993, the outline of China's education reform and development put forward 4% goals for the first time. In 2012, the national fiscal expenditure on education accounted for 4.28% of GDP, and achieved a breakthrough of 4%. After that, 4% of the goals were achieved for 5 consecutive years, and in 2016 it was the first time to exceed 3 trillion yuan. A tough battle from "catch up 4" to "break 4" and then to "guarantee 4" has fulfilled the solemn promise of fiscal investment in education, which is significantly higher than the regular revenue growth of finance, and demonstrates the firm determination of the priority development strategy of education.

Educational funds account for the proportion of gross domestic product (GDP), which is a common indicator of the level of education in a country in the world. For China, which has the largest educational scale in the world, the achievement of the 4% goals is particularly important and particularly difficult. To maintain the normal operation of such a large scale of education, it is bound to require sustained and stable growth of financial support. Compulsory education, pre-school education, vocational education, ordinary high school education and higher education need constant investment and protection. Rural teachers, remote poverty-stricken areas and ethnic minority areas also need to invest in education to consolidate the foundation of fairness and balanced development. Especially in the past few years, the obvious contradiction between fiscal revenue and expenditure under the background of China education funds but do not only increase ", won the 4%" battle ", education reform, steady hoof walked quickly, people really get a sense of.

With money, it should be well spent and effective. This depends on the design of the scientific system and the optimization of investment guidance. Over the past 5 years, the use of national financial education funds always adhere to the performance oriented, adhere to the "basic, make a short board, keep the bottom line, to promote fair", adhere to the rural areas, poverty-stricken areas and ethnic areas and the disadvantaged groups tilt, to ensure the further optimization, the efficiency of the use of funds to further improve the structure of education expenditure.

Sustainable and efficient investment in education development has obviously: accelerate the popularization of compulsory education, preschool education into quality balanced development in the new stage, the popularization of high school education level, the popularization of higher education, significantly improve the framework of modern occupation education system basically established, the precise funding to promote...... The whole world is watching. China's educational equity has made great progress, and the ability of education, service and economic and social development is constantly improving. China's education development level has entered the ranks of the world.

At the same time, he still needs to be conscious and rational. Looking at the world, 4% of the investment level, there is still a certain gap between the developed countries in the world. In the future, it is necessary to maintain 4% of the investment intensity and still need to pay a sustained effort. Today, the task of education Chinese hitherto unknown age gives: let the sustainable effectiveness of poverty alleviation, to help more poor students through good education, poverty alleviation, change the fate of home service, blocking the intergenerational transmission of poverty; the implementation of innovation driven development strategy, cultivate new energy for economic development, the urgent need to strengthen the integration and development of science and education, comprehensive innovation ability of colleges and universities promotion; Chinese increasingly closer to the center of the world stage, education needs to further deepen exchanges and cooperation with foreign, so as to promote the people connected, play a unique role in diplomacy......

The times left to China's education examination questions, but also the world left to China's examination questions. To answer these questions and achieve "better education", we need continuous investment and priority development of education, and achieve "1 billion 300 million people enjoy better and more equitable education". 4% is just the starting point, not the end. Every Chinese is looking forward to the fact that the educational changes brought by the 4% can be more rich and more genuine.