教育部部长陈宝生：优先发展教育事业

百年大计，教育为本。习近平同志所作的党的十九大报告围绕“优先发展教育事业”作出新的全面部署，明确提出：“建设教育强国是中华民族伟大复兴的基础工程，必须把教育事业放在优先位置，深化教育改革，加快教育现代化，办好人民满意的教育。”这为我们在中国特色社会主义新时代不断推进教育改革发展、大力提高国民素质指明了方向。

党的十八大以来教育改革发展取得显著成就

党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央高度重视教育事业，坚持把教育摆在优先发展战略地位，对教育工作作出一系列重大决策部署，扎实实施教育惠民举措，人民群众获得感明显增强，促使教育为社会主义现代化建设提供有力的人力支持和知识贡献。

教育事业全面发展，教育公平状况不断改善，中西部和农村教育明显加强。近5年来，根据党中央的总体要求，公共财政优先保障教育，国家财政性教育经费占国内生产总值的比例始终保持在4%以上，为教育事业全面发展奠定了基础。2016年，我国学前3年毛入园率为77.4%，小学净入学率为99.9%，初中阶段毛入学率为104.0%。九年义务教育巩固率为93.4%，高中阶段毛入学率为87.5%，高等教育毛入学率为42.7%。从国际可比数据看，我国教育普及程度超过中高收入国家平均水平。在加强中西部教育方面，重点改善贫困地区义务教育薄弱学校基本办学条件，实施中西部高等教育振兴计划。覆盖各级各类教育的家庭经济困难学生资助体系形成，2016年受助学生超过9000万人次，农村义务教育学生营养改善计划每年惠及3600万贫困地区学生。残疾人受教育机会不断扩大，进城务工人员随迁子女就学保障和农村留守儿童关爱服务体系进一步完善，促进教育公平取得实实在在的成效。

教育改革开放持续推进，关键领域改革取得重要进展，依法治教开辟新的局面。近5年来，根据党中央的总体要求，以拓宽终身学习通道为最终目标，深化考试招生制度改革纳入全面深化改革的关键领域，31个省（自治区、直辖市）落实本地区改革实施方案。依法治教全面推进，教育法、高等教育法、民办教育促进法一揽子法律修订完成。完善以章程为统领的学校内部治理结构，深化“放管服”改革，累计取消15项教育行政审批，依法加强督导体系建设，构建政府、学校、社会新型关系有了新进展。同时，我国已形成全方位、多层次、宽领域的教育对外开放格局，2016年205个国家和地区的40多万人次来华留学，我国成为亚洲最大、全球第三的留学目的国。中外合作办学项目、孔子学院建设顺利开展，我国同不同国家（地区）及国际组织的教育合作交流关系不断巩固，实施共建“一带一路”教育行动，我国教育国际影响力和竞争力日益增强。

教育质量和水平显著提高，教师队伍建设不断加强，教育更好适应现代化建设需要。近5年来，根据党中央的总体要求，教育系统把提高质量作为生命线。基础教育人才培养模式改革正在深化，着眼于培养学生的创新精神和实践能力。促使现代职业教育体系支撑“中国制造”走向“中国智造”，深化高校创新创业教育改革，培养大批高质量的各类人才。推进普通本科高校向应用型高校转变，提升服务区域发展能力，鼓励高校深度参与创新型国家建设。同时，更加重视教师队伍建设，健全大中小学师德体系，制定乡村教师队伍建设专门政策，建立乡村教师荣誉制度，中小学设置正高级职称，有效调动了教师长期从教、终身从教的积极性。总体上看，党的十八大以来，在以习近平同志为核心的党中央正确领导下，在各级政府、教育系统和社会各界共同努力下，我国教育取得举世瞩目的成就，中国特色社会主义教育事业焕发出强大的生机活力。

新时代优先发展教育事业具有重要战略意义

习近平同志指出：“教育是提高人民综合素质、促进人的全面发展的重要途径，是民族振兴、社会进步的重要基石，是对中华民族伟大复兴具有决定性意义的事业。”我们必须从我国社会主义初级阶段基本国情出发，在中国特色社会主义进入新时代的新的历史方位上，从实现“两个一百年”奋斗目标的历史高度，加深对新时代优先发展教育事业重要战略意义的认识。

决胜全面建成小康社会，必须优先发展教育，办好人民满意的教育。从现在到2020年是全面建成小康社会决胜期。党的十九大报告在我们党新世纪以来一系列重大部署的基础上，立足世情国情，紧扣我国社会主要矛盾变化，对决胜全面建成小康社会提出新的总体要求。而全面小康能否得到人民认可、经得起历史检验，一个重要方面要看教育的体系结构、教师素质、质量水平、制度建设能否得到新的提升，更好适应亿万学习者的多样化需求。为此，必须始终坚持教育优先发展战略地位，不断提高人民群众满意度。

开启全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程，必须优先发展教育，加快教育现代化。教育发展周期长，要适应社会主义现代化建设多方面要求，必须提前准备。改革开放以来，我们党相继在国家层面实施科教兴国、人才强国、可持续发展等战略，适度超前部署教育现代化，用教育现代化支撑国家现代化，正在形成长效机制。面对科技进步日新月异、国际竞争日趋激烈的新形势，习近平同志深刻指出：“当今世界的综合国力竞争，说到底是人才竞争，人才越来越成为推动经济社会发展的战略性资源，教育的基础性、先导性、全局性地位和作用更加突显。”党的十九大报告吹响了全面建设社会主义现代化国家的新号角。在从2020年到本世纪中叶两个阶段的时间表中，还要继续优先部署教育现代化工作，努力提高全民族素质，为全面建设富强民主文明和谐美丽的社会主义现代化强国夯实人力资源基础。

实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦，必须优先发展教育，将建设教育强国作为基础工程。习近平同志指出：“‘两个一百年’奋斗目标的实现、中华民族伟大复兴中国梦的实现，归根到底靠人才、靠教育。源源不断的人才资源是我国在激烈国际竞争中的重要潜在力量和后发优势。”党的十九大报告在坚持统筹推进“五位一体”总体布局和协调推进“四个全面”战略布局的进程中，特别强调建设教育强国是中华民族伟大复兴的基础工程，对优先发展教育、促使教育全面服务于实现中华民族伟大复兴中国梦的大局提出了根本要求，必将成为党和国家宏观决策的重要遵循。

把握好深入落实优先发展教育事业的重点任务

党的十九大报告在阐释新时代坚持和发展中国特色社会主义的基本方略时，强调坚持以人民为中心，坚持在发展中保障和改善民生，在幼有所育、学有所教持续取得新进展方面提出更高要求，对优先发展教育事业相关重点任务进行新的重大部署。

全面贯彻党的教育方针，落实立德树人根本任务，发展素质教育。立德树人是教育的根本任务。党的十九大报告提出，“要全面贯彻党的教育方针，落实立德树人根本任务，发展素质教育，推进教育公平，培养德智体美全面发展的社会主义建设者和接班人。”这是我们党改革开放以来始终坚持党的领导、牢牢把握社会主义办学方向的总体要求，需要我们结合新时代的新要求，全面系统、创造性地落到实处。立德树人，就要坚持社会主义核心价值观导向，深入开展理想信念教育、爱国主义教育、中华优秀传统文化教育和革命传统教育，加强法治教育、国防教育和可持续发展教育，促使学生将其内化为精神追求、外化为行动自觉。立德树人，就要把握好素质教育时代特征，重点抓好大中小学教材建设和教学改革；强化学校体育工作，帮助学生养成自觉科学锻炼良好习惯；全面推进艺术教育，提升学生审美素养；促进教育与生产劳动和社会实践紧密结合，提高勤工俭学、志愿服务、实习实践活动的成效，以知促行、以行促知，学以致用。

坚持以人民为中心，持续推进教育公平，补齐民生短板。教育公平是社会公平的重要基础。党的十九大报告指出，“必须多谋民生之利、多解民生之忧，在发展中补齐民生短板、促进社会公平正义”，并对促进教育公平作出重要部署。保基本、补短板、促公平，重中之重是推动城乡义务教育一体化发展，高度重视农村义务教育。这是缩小城乡义务教育差距的标本兼治之策，也是促进城镇基本公共服务与农村共享的关键环节，将充分彰显教育权利和机会公平。这项工作重点从县域做起，逐步向有条件的市域扩展。在此基础上，抓住人民最关心最直接最现实的利益问题，不断满足人民过上美好生活的需要，办好学前教育，扩大普惠性学前教育资源，基本普及学前3年教育，提高保育教育质量；办好特殊教育，为家庭经济困难残疾学生提供免费高中阶段教育，更好保障残疾人基本教育权利；普及高中阶段教育，巩固提高中等职业教育发展水平，促进普通高中多样化发展，不断提高新增劳动力平均受教育年限。为此，财政经费将依法向困难地区和困难群体倾斜，动员全社会形成合力，健全学生资助制度，实现家庭经济困难学生资助全覆盖，努力让每个孩子都能享有公平而有质量的教育。

以新发展理念统筹各级各类教育事业发展，深化教育领域综合改革，加快建设学习型社会。教育改革发展永远在路上。在教育现代化长征途中，根据党的十九大的部署，必须以新发展理念为统领，以深化改革为动力，不断谱写新篇章。一要完善职业教育和培训体系，深化产教融合、校企合作，加快一流大学和一流学科建设，实现高等教育内涵式发展。这些举措既有政策连续性，又有与时俱进创新性，着眼于职业教育与高等教育融合协调发展，共同优化创新型、复合型、应用型和技术技能型人才培养机制，增强各类人才服务国家和区域经济社会发展、参与国际竞争的能力。二要办好网络教育、继续教育。我国将探索“弯道超车”，打造符合国情实际的网络化、数字化、个性化、终身化教育体系，促进优质资源共建共享，以教育信息化带动教育现代化。这些举措充分彰显教育与学习贯穿人们一生的必要性和可行性。三要加强师德师风建设，培养高素质教师队伍，倡导全社会尊师重教，同时继续支持和规范社会力量兴办教育。总之，我国将通过多种途径和方式，使绝大多数新增劳动力接受高中阶段教育、更多接受高等教育，进而办好继续教育，加快建设学习型社会，大力提高国民素质。展望未来，在“两个一百年”奋斗目标一步步变为现实的同时，一个人人愿学、时时可学、处处能学，学有所成、学有所用、学有所乐的学习型社会必将一步步建成。

来源：人民网

Minister of education Chen Baosheng: give priority to the development of Education

For this project, education. The nineteen report made by Comrade Xi Jinping party around the "priority to the development of education" to make comprehensive arrangements, new construction clearly pointed out: "education is the foundation works of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, we must put education in the priority position, deepen education reform, accelerate the modernization of education, good people satisfied with the education." This has pointed out the direction for us to promote the reform and development of education and to improve the national quality in the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics.

Remarkable achievements have been made in the reform and development of education since the eighteen major party of the party

Of the party since eighteen, the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core attaches great importance to education, adhere to the education priority development strategic position, made a series of major decisions and arrangements for education, solid education initiatives that benefit people gain a sense of increased education to provide human support and contribution to knowledge as a powerful socialist modernization.

The overall development of educational undertakings, the continuous improvement of educational equity, and the obvious strengthening of the middle and Western and rural education. In the past 5 years, according to the general requirements of the Party Central Committee, public finance has priority in ensuring education, and the proportion of national financial education funds to GDP has always been over 4%. This has laid the foundation for the all-round development of education. In 2016, the rate of gross admission for 3 years before school was 77.4%, the net primary school enrolment rate was 99.9%, and the gross enrolment rate of junior middle school was 104%. The consolidation rate of compulsory education in nine years is 93.4%, the gross enrolment rate of high school is 87.5%, and the gross enrolment rate of higher education is 42.7%. From the international comparable data, the degree of education in China is more than the average of the middle and high income countries. In strengthening the education of the Midwest, we should focus on improving the basic conditions of school running in poor schools and implementing the plan for the revitalization of the middle and western higher education. The subsidization system of family economic difficulties students who covered all kinds of education at all levels was formed. In 2016, more than 90 million students were received, and the nutrition improvement program of rural compulsory education students benefits 36 million poor students every year. The education opportunities for the disabled are expanding. The migrant workers' children's school attendance security and the rural left behind children care service system are further improved, so as to promote educational equity and achieve tangible results.

The reform and opening up of education has continued to advance, and important progress has been made in the reform of key areas, and the new situation has been opened up by the rule of law. In the past 5 years, according to the general requirements of the Party Central Committee, to expand the life-long learning passageway as the ultimate goal, deepen the examination and enrollment system reform into the key areas of deepening the reform, and 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government) implement the implementation plan of the local area reform. According to the law, the education law, the higher education law and the private education promotion law have been completed. We should improve the internal governance structure under the guidance of articles of association, deepen the reform of "letting go of services", abolish 15 administrative examination and approval systems, strengthen supervision system in accordance with the law, and make new progress in building new relationships between government, school and society. At the same time, China has formed an all-round, multi-level and wide range of education opening up pattern. In 2016, about 400000 people from 205 countries and regions came to study in China. China has become Asia's largest and third of the world's destination countries. Sino foreign cooperative construction smoothly Confucius school project, China, with different countries (regions) the educational cooperation relations and international organizations continue to consolidate implementation, build "The Belt and Road" education action, China's international influence and competitiveness enhancement of education.

The quality and level of education have been greatly improved, and the construction of teachers is constantly strengthened, and education is better suited to the needs of modernization. In the past 5 years, according to the overall requirements of the Party Central Committee, the education system has taken the improvement of quality as a lifeline. The reform of personnel training mode in basic education is deepening, focusing on the cultivation of students' innovative spirit and practical ability. It promotes the modern vocational education system to support "made in China" to "China Intelligent Manufacturing", deepen the reform of university innovation and entrepreneurship education, and train a large number of high-quality talents. Promote the transformation of ordinary undergraduate colleges and universities to applied universities, enhance the development capacity of service areas, and encourage universities to participate in the construction of innovative countries. At the same time, we should pay more attention to the construction of teaching staff, improve the system of teachers' morality in primary and secondary schools, formulate special policies for the construction of rural teachers, set up the honor system of rural teachers, set up senior titles in primary and secondary schools, and effectively mobilize teachers' enthusiasm for long-term teaching and lifelong teaching. Overall, the party since eighteen, with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core of the CPC Central Committee under the correct leadership of the government, the education system and the joint efforts of all sectors of society, education in China has made remarkable achievements, socialist education China characteristics demonstrate its strong vitality.

The priority of the development of education in the new era is of great strategic significance

Comrade Xi Jinping pointed out: "education is an important way to improve the comprehensive quality of the people and promote the all-round development of human beings. It is an important cornerstone for national revitalization and social progress, and a decisive cause for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation." We must start from the basic conditions of the primary stage of socialism, the socialist China entered a new era of the new historical position, from the implementation of "two one hundred year struggle" historical height, giving priority to the development of important strategic significance to deepen the understanding of education in the new era.

To build a well-off society in an all-round way, we must give priority to the development of education and the good education of the people. From now to 2020, it is the final stage of building a well-off society in an all-round way. The nineteen major reports of the party in our party's new century