揭开新疆和田玉料开采的神秘历史

日前，中国玉文化学术研讨会暨《新疆和田玉开采史》出版发布会在北京科学出版社举办。发布会由科学出版社、新疆维吾尔自治区和田玉行业协会共同主办。科学出版社副总编兼文物考古分社社长闫向东、新疆和田玉行业协会会长于明、中国社会科学院考古研究所研究员卢兆荫、中国社会科学院考古研究所科研处处长研究员刘国祥、安徽省考古研究所研究员张敬国、故宫博物院研究馆员徐琳、中国社会科学院边疆研究所王宇、新疆和田玉行业协会秘书长杨翔宇等考古文博界和玉器研究领域的嘉宾出席了本次会议。本次会议由刘国祥研究员主持，会议发布新书《新疆和田玉开采史》，于明会长就新书的主要观点发表主旨演讲，与会嘉宾围绕新疆和田玉的开采与中国玉文化的主题进行了研讨。

《新疆和田玉开采史》一书，由中国著名玉器专家、新疆和田玉行业协会会长于明先生所著，由科学出版社出版发行。该书以历史文献记载为线索，以大量实地考察资料为基础，从全新的历史角度，对新疆和田玉开采的历史与现状进行了全面分析，力争还原新疆和田玉开采历史的真实情况。本书的出版对于落实“一带一路”倡议、传承中华优秀传统文化、增强文化自信有重要意义。

新疆和田玉是产自新疆维吾尔自治区的玉料，它分为籽料、山料、山流水料和戈壁料四种类型，其中以籽料最为名贵。中国玉文化是中华优秀传统文化的重要组成部分，新疆和田玉是中国玉文化的物资基石，在中国玉文化的传承和发展史上书写了最为灿烂辉煌的篇章，举国上下几乎无人不知其珍稀与美丽，以往的相关学术研究多集中在对玉器的研究，而对新疆和田玉料开采的研究却相对滞后。

本书作者于明会长，全面研究整理了关于新疆和田玉开采开发和运输贸易的历史文献，全面深入地实地考察了新疆昆仑山—阿尔金山一线的产玉矿区和重要矿口以及历史遗迹遗存。在全面调查和科学研究的基础上成书出版，成为中国第一部系统介绍新疆和田玉玉料开采及贸易历史的学术专著，填补了这一研究领域的空白。

于明会长在本书中提出，商代至汉代早期玉料不是来自新疆和田，而是来源于古代被称为“昆仑山”的祁连山之中，新疆和田玉进入中原的准确年代是汉代中期，和田玉籽料的发现者是汉代使者张骞，和田玉山料的开发时间是在明代。

于明会长认为，和田玉的开采、贸易历史就是一部内地和新疆文化交流、民族融合、经济互促发展的历史，对于落实“一带一路”倡议有着重要的启示意义。

与会嘉宾就中国玉文化和新疆和田玉玉料问题进行了研讨。科学出版社副总编兼文物考古分社社长闫向东在致辞中表示，《新疆和田玉开采史》是一本有扎实观点、翔实资料的书籍，对于行业研究有重要贡献。中国社会科学院考古研究所研究员卢兆荫表示《新疆和田玉开采史》收录的文献资料非常齐全，特别是收录了对我国几乎全部正在开采的玉矿的一手考察资料，提出了一些独创性的观点，本书的出版是玉器界一件大事。中国社会科学院考古研究所科研处处长、研究员刘国祥表示，《新疆和田玉开采史》一书是目前最全面、最系统对和田玉开采历史研究的学术著作，对于我国玉文化建设发展有重要贡献。安徽省考古研究所研究员张敬国表示，中国玉文化是我国历史上最灿烂的文化之一，体现了中华古人掌握的最尖端的技术，极大的促进了我国文明地进步，《新疆和田玉开采史》的出版是行业研究跨时代的里程碑，是对新疆和田玉玉料最系统、最透彻的研究和表达。故宫博物院研究馆员徐琳表示，《新疆和田玉开采史》填补了玉器研究中对玉料研究的空白，“籽料无糖”等观点有重要价值。中国社会科学院边疆研究所王宇认为，于明会长“用脚底板做学问”，《新疆和田玉开采史》是对和田玉玉料问题开创性的研究，对学界对玉料的争论贡献了独创性的新颖观点。

出席会议的工信部信息中心工经所所长、《中国艺术品投资概论》作者于佳宁表示，《新疆和田玉开采史》一书是在推进“一带一路”建设、大力弘扬中华优秀传统文化的大背景下的一部专业力作，厘清了新疆和田玉开采和贸易的历史和现状，对当下玉器产业的良性发展将产生积极的促进作用。与会的玉器收藏家表示《新疆和田玉开采史》的研究成果对玉器收藏家提高鉴赏和辨伪能力，尤其是认识玉料、辨识玉料具有不可替代的参考价值，为大众普及玉文化知识也有很重要的指导作用。

来源：华龙网

Uncovering the mysterious history of Xinjiang Hetian jade mining

The day before, China Jade Culture Symposium "Xinjiang Hetian jade mining history" press conference held in Beijing science press. The conference was co sponsored by Science Press, the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and Tian Yu Industry Association. Science Press deputy editor and cultural relics bureau chief Yan Xiangdong, President of the Xinjiang Hetian jade industry association Yu Ming, China Institute of archaeology researcher Lu Zhaoyin, Chinese Institute of archaeology researcher Liu Guoxiang, director of research at the Anhui Provincial Institute of archaeology researcher Zhang Jingguo, the Imperial Palace museum research librarian Xu Lin, Chinese frontier of social science research Wang Yu Institute, Xinjiang Hetian jade industry association secretary general Yang Xiangyu of Archaeology and Museum jade research circles and guests attended the meeting. The conference was presided over by Liu Guoxiang, a new book "Xinjiang Hetian jade mining history". A keynote speech was delivered by President Ming on the main points of the new book. Participants attended the theme of Xinjiang Hetian jade mining and the theme of Chinese jade culture.

The book "Xinjiang Hetian jade mining history" is published by the famous Chinese jade expert and Mr. Yu Ming, the president of Xinjiang Hetian jade industry association. Based on historical documents and clues and lots of on-the-spot investigation data, this book makes a comprehensive analysis of the history and current situation of Xinjiang Hetian jade mining from a brand-new historical perspective, and strives to restore the real situation of Xinjiang Hetian jade mining history. The publication of the book for the implementation of the "The Belt and Road" initiative, heritage of Chinese traditional culture and enhance cultural self-confidence is important.

Xinjiang Hetian jade material is produced in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, it is divided into four types of seed material, material mountain material, mountain stream and Gobi, of which the most expensive seed material. China jade culture is an important part of Chinese traditional culture, Xinjiang Hetian jade is the material foundation of China jade culture, heritage and development in the history of China jade culture on writing the most glorious and resplendent chapter of the whole nation, almost no one I do not know the rare and beautiful, relevant academic research on the previous focus on research on jade but, for mining in Xinjiang Hetian jade material research lags behind.

The author of this book collated the historical documents about the exploitation and transportation trade of Xinjiang Hetian jade, and made a thorough and in-depth investigation of the jade producing areas and important ore deposits and historical sites in the Kunlun Mountains Altyn hills, Xinjiang. Based on the comprehensive investigation and Research on the publication of books, as Chinese first systematic description of Xinjiang Hetian jade jade material mining and trade history of academic monographs, to fill the gaps in this research field.

In the Ming, presented in this book, the Shang Dynasty to the early Han Dynasty jade is not from Xinjiang and Tian, but from ancient times known as the "Kunlun Mountains" Qilian Mountains, Xinjiang Hetian jade into the Central Plains is accurate in the middle of the Han Dynasty, and Tian Yu found the seed material is the Han Dynasty envoy Zhang Qian, and Tian Yushan material development time is in the Ming dynasty.

In the Ming and Tian Yu president believes that the exploitation, trade history is a cultural exchange between the mainland and Xinjiang, ethnic integration, mutual promotion and development of economic history, for it had important significance to implement the "The Belt and Road" initiative.

The guests on the Chinese jade culture and Xinjiang Hetian jade jade material are discussed. Yan Xiangdong, deputy editor in chief of the Science Press and President of the cultural relics and archaeological branch, said in his speech, "the history of mining in Xinjiang Hetian jade" is a book with solid views and informative materials, which has made important contributions to the industry research. China researcher at the Institute of archaeology said Lu Zhaoyin "included Xinjiang Hetian jade mining history" literature is very complete, especially to our country included almost all are hand investigation data mining jade ore, puts forward some original ideas, the publication of the book is a great circle of jade. Chinese Institute of Archaeology Research Director, researcher Liu Guoxiang said, "the Xinjiang Hetian jade mining history" a book is the most comprehensive and historical study of Hetian jade mining the system of academic works, there is an important contribution to the development of Chinese jade culture. Anhui Provincial Institute of archaeology researcher Zhang Jingguo said that China jade culture is one of China's history of the splendid culture, embodies the Chinese ancient master of the most cutting-edge technology, has greatly promoted the progress of civilization in China, "the Xinjiang Hetian jade mining history" publishing industry research epoch-making milepost is. The expression and study of Xinjiang Hetian jade jade material is the most systematic and thorough. The Imperial Palace museum research librarian Xu Lin said, "the Xinjiang Hetian jade mining history" to fill the blank material of jade jade in the study of "sugar free seeds" and other ideas have important value. Chinese frontier Academy of Social Sciences Institute of Wang Yu believes that the president in Ming Dynasty "with the foot bottom learning", "the Xinjiang Hetian jade mining history" is the groundbreaking research of Hetian jade jade material, the scholars of the jade debate contributed original views of the.

Attend the meeting of the Ministry of information industry center by the Institute, "China art investment introduction" author Yu Jianing said, "the Xinjiang Hetian jade mining history" is a book in advance "The Belt and Road" construction, vigorously promote a professional force background of Chinese traditional culture of Xinjiang, and to clarify the Hetian jade mining and trade history and current situation, will have a positive role in promoting the benign development of the jade industry. A jade collector at the conference said the achievements of the history of Xinjiang and Tian Yu mining improved the jade collectors