汉字里的中国文化：圣贤道脉 得之于千古

  Chinese culture in Chinese characters: the saints and virtuous channels are obtained from ancient times

商代先民创造的甲骨文

前些年中央电视台推出的大型电视节目《中国汉字听写大会》曾风靡一时，在掀起全国汉字热潮的同时也发人深省：在键盘输入占主流的互联网时代里，手写汉字是否还有生存的意义与空间？今时今日，老祖宗代代相传的汉字又该何去何从？

印光大师曾言：“字为世间至宝，能使凡者圣，愚者智，贫贱者富贵，疾病者康宁。圣贤道脉，得之于千古，身家经营，遗之于子孙，莫不仗字之力。”综观现存各族文字，汉字于世界之林中独树一帜，并吸引其他各族人民争相学习和模仿，何也？笔者窃以为在一“博”字。先是汉字历史之广博。据目前考证来看，中国汉字最早可追溯至商代先民创造的甲骨文，后逐渐演变出金文、篆书、隶书、草书、楷书及行书，共经历了近5000年的历史，时间跨度之大，中间变化之纷繁复杂，自无法一言以蔽之。再者是汉字构造学问之博大。汉字是音形义的结合体，这三者如何杂糅成一？中国古时的学者们极具智慧地以“六书”——象形、指事、会意、形声、转注和假借——来归纳先祖的造字原理，后又按照这一理论再造新字。在这一过程中，出现了同源字、古今字、异体字和通假字等种种现象，从而使汉字得以“一生二，二生三，三生万物”，不断繁衍革新以至今日。

文字是人类文明进步的重要标志，更是一个民族文化的结晶。余光中在其散文名篇《听听那冷雨》中写道：“一个方块字是一个天地。”汉字之所以博大精深，其核心便在于广阔的文化内涵。老祖宗造字之初，就从生活中汲取灵感，如四季时令、天文地理、生肖植物等等，从而赋予汉字多样而统一的文化身份，因而那一方天地里能呈现出包罗世间万象的缤纷面貌。各族文字皆有其奥妙所在，但能从文字进而转化为一种艺术的，就仅有汉字而已。乍一看中国汉字，不外乎点和线的构成，但当那些点画与线条被一种精巧的构思进行排列组合时，书法艺术便就此诞生。康有为说：“书虽小技，其精者亦通于道也。”在古人眼中，书法比起治学也许确是“小技”，然而技艺修炼到一定境界也能通达“道”之玄妙境地。中国的书、画本就同源，如甲骨文及更早的象形文字，均以刻画图形来表意，后乃逐步衍生出相应的字形来。当“形”脱离“意”而独立成为一种近于画的样式时，书法艺术的魅力便得以彰显。观名器之书与名家之作，金文稚气未褪，古朴厚重；篆书严整匀称，庄严肃穆；隶书“蚕头燕尾”，稳健大气；草书如骏马奔驰，奔放浩荡；楷书似女子玉立，端庄素雅又落落大方；行书则兼采草、楷所长，既有草书之灵动生气，又不失楷书之严谨章法，动静相宜。西汉扬雄云：“书，心画也”，若置此类言论于中国书法史，即知其并非空穴来风。书法家往往心有所感则诉诸笔端，于是笔画提按之间皆有其人之气质神韵在，个中性情显露无遗：张芝的“一笔书”纵横恣肆、变幻万端，确有一代“草圣”之落拓不羁；“二王”的行书雄秀流动、随性所至，可见书者的洒脱“逸气”；再看朱耷的“八大体”，秃笔藏锋、质朴古雅，与其孤峭磊落的人格紧密相连。古人好以人品定书品，很大程度上与“字如其人”的主张有关，因此如苏轼、颜真卿等品行俱佳等文人书法多有雄奇刚健之美誉，而如宋徽宗赵佶的“瘦金体”与米芾的书法则因为人方面的不良评判而不那么入流。然而立足当下来看，如若抛却道德标准等衡量尺度，赵、米二人的书法均独具特色，堪称书法史上的“奇葩”。美学家朱光潜先生曾指出“审美的无功利性”，艺术之所以美，正在于其美得纯粹，若一味以“书如其人”的一元视角去看待艺术，则不免有些道学冬烘的味道了。

辜鸿铭先生曾在其《中国的语言》一文里赞扬汉语的朴素深沉，而汉语之所以有此特点，则源于其本身的简练和蕴藉之丰。中国的汉字好比一个万花筒，虽只从一个窗口看去，但只要稍加转动，便得以窥见各具风采的中国文化，而这也正是中国汉字之奥义和无穷魅力所在。今天的我们正面临着“提笔忘字”的尴尬处境，但在全球兴起的“汉语热”无疑在警醒我们：唯有民族的才是世界的。老祖宗创造汉字的智慧也同样启迪着当下的人们，切不可数典忘祖而应领悟汉字之广博，努力成为真正博学的中国人。

来源：深圳特区报

  Chinese culture in Chinese characters: the saints and virtuous channels are obtained from ancient times

The oracle inscriptions created by the ancestors of the Shang Dynasty

A few years ago, CCTV launched a large-scale TV program "China Chinese characters dictation conference" has become fashionable for a time, but also set off a national craze in set people thinking Chinese characters: the keyboard input of the mainstream Internet era, handwritten Chinese characters of meaning and whether there is space? Today, how should the Chinese characters be handed down from generation to generation by the old ancestor?

Master Yinguang once said: "the word for world treasure, can make all the holy fool wise, the poor rich, Corelle disease. The sages and sages can be used in ancient times. They are managed by the family and are left to their children and grandchildren. Looking at the existing languages of all ethnic groups, Chinese characters are unique in the forest of the world and attract the people of all other ethnic groups to learn and imitate. I thought it was a "Bo". First, the history of Chinese characters is wide. According to the current research, China Chinese characters can be traced back to the Shang Dynasty ancestors created by Oracle, after gradually evolved out of bronze, seal script, official script, cursive script, regular script and running script, has experienced nearly 5000 years of history, the time span is big, complex intermediate change complex, since not to sum up in a word. Moreover, it is the great knowledge of Chinese character construction. Chinese characters is a combination of sound form and meaning of the body, the three how to mix into a? China ancient scholars great wisdom in the "six" -- pictographs, self explanatory, and Zhuanzhu, Huiyi and Xingsheng characters -- to summarize the principle under the guise of ancestors, and according to this theory to create new characters. In this process, the cognate word, word, variant and tongjiazi phenomena, so that the Chinese characters to "life two, two, three, comes all things, develop innovation even today.

Writing is an important symbol of the progress of human civilization, and it is the crystallization of a national culture. Yu Guangzhong in his essays "listen to the rain" wrote: "a Chinese character is a world." The reason why Chinese characters are broad and profound lies in the broad cultural connotation. The ancestors of ancient Chinese, will draw inspiration from life, such as seasons, astronomy and geography, Zodiac plants and so on, thus giving Chinese characters diversity and unified cultural identity, so that a world can show the world including colorful appearance. All the languages of all ethnic groups have their own mysteries, but only Chinese characters can be translated into an art from words. At first glance Chinese Chinese characters, which is nothing more than a point and line, but when those dots and lines are an exquisite conception of permutation and combination, the art of calligraphy was born. Kang Youwei said, "although a book is a small technique, the master is also through the way." In the eyes of calligraphy, rather than scholarship may be "small skill", however, art practice to a certain realm also can reach the "Tao" mysterious places. Chinese book, painting is homologous, such as Oracle and earlier hieroglyphs were to describe graphics to ideographic, but after gradually derived from the corresponding glyph to. When "shape" is separated from "meaning" and becomes a kind of close to painting style, the charm of calligraphy art can be highlighted. The concept of the book title and masters, bronze childish faded, quaint thick seal; neat symmetry, solemn; script "Cantouyanwei", sound atmosphere; cursive as a horse and mighty; script like women's graceful, dignified and simple but elegant and is both liberal and dignified; running grass, Kai director, is the spirit of cursive angry, yet script strict rules, affordable movement. Han Yang Xiongyun: "books, pictures of the heart", if the speech in such China calligraphy history is known, which is not Weakness lends wings to rumours. Calligraphersusually xinyousuogan is to resort to, so there are provided according to the strokes between his temperament charm in Chinese temperament were revealed: Zhang Zhi's "a book" aspect, there is a change of management on behalf of the "Cao Sheng" "kings" by nature unconventional and straight forward; running Takehide flow, with the visible the book and "gas"; see Chu "eight general", Cangfeng, simple pen and quaint, solitary candid personality are closely linked. The good character to be shuppim, largely with the word as it "claims, such as Su Shi, Yan Zhenqing and so many literati calligraphy and conduct vigorous magnificent reputation, such as Song Huizong and Zhao Ji shoujincharacter and Mi Fei's calligraphy is because of the bad aspects of the judge and less inflow. However, with a foothold, if the scale of moral standards is put aside, the calligraphy of the two people of Zhao and MI are unique, which can be called the "wonderful flower" in the history of calligraphy. Esthetician Zhu Guangqian once pointed out that "non utilitarian aesthetic", art is beautiful, is the beautiful pure, if only for "a view to look at the book as" art, unavoidable some other Daoist flavor.

Mr. Gu Hongming in the "China language" an article in praise of Chinese and Chinese plain deep, the reason for this is due to its own characteristics, the concise and refined feng. The China Chinese characters like a kaleidoscope, although only from a window, but as long as a slight rotation, we can see different styles of the Chinese culture, which is also the Chinese of infinite charm and Chinese characters. Today we are faced with "putting pen to forget the word" embarrassing situation, but the rise in the world of "Chinese fever" will undoubtedly remind us: only the nation is the world. The wisdom of our ancestors created Chinese characters also enlighten the people, must not forget one's ancestors and should understand the Chinese characters extensive, and strive to become truly learned Chinese.

Source: Shenzhen Special Economic Zone