学生欺凌界定出炉 实施欺凌学生可转送专门学校进行教育

人民网北京12月27日电  为建立健全防治中小学生欺凌综合治理长效机制，有效预防中小学生欺凌行为发生，经国家教育体制改革领导小组会议审议通过，日前，教育部等十一部门印发《加强中小学生欺凌综合治理方案》。《方案》对中小学学生欺凌做出了界定，必要时可将实施欺凌学生转送专门（工读）学校进行教育；涉及违反治安管理或者涉嫌犯罪的学生欺凌事件，处置以公安机关、人民法院、人民检察院为主。

《方案》强调，要以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，全面贯彻党的教育方针，按照教育为先、预防为主、保护为要、法治为基的原则，健全预防、处置学生欺凌的工作体制和规章制度，形成防治中小学生欺凌长效机制，确保把中小学生欺凌防治工作落到实处，把校园建设成最安全、最阳光的地方。

《方案》明确了学生欺凌的界定。《方案》指出，中小学生欺凌是发生在校园（包括中小学校和中等职业学校）内外、学生之间，一方（个体或群体）单次或多次蓄意或恶意通过肢体、语言及网络等手段实施欺负、侮辱，造成另一方（个体或群体）身体伤害、财产损失或精神损害等的事件。要求各地各校在实际工作中，要严格区分学生欺凌与学生间打闹嬉戏的界定，正确合理处理。

《方案》明确了积极有效预防学生欺凌的措施。一是学校加强教育，各中小学校通过每学期开学时集中开展教育、在道德与法治等课程中专门设置教学模块等方式，定期对中小学生进行学生欺凌防治专题教育。二是开展家长培训，通过组织学校或社区定期开展专题培训课等方式，加强家长培训，引导广大家长增强法治意识，落实监护责任，帮助家长了解防治学生欺凌知识。三是强化学校管理，加快推进校园视频监控系统、紧急报警装置等建设，建立健全防治学生欺凌工作各项规章制度，学校根据实际成立学生欺凌治理委员会。四是定期开展排查，通过委托专业第三方机构或组织学校开展等方式，定期开展针对全体学生的防治学生欺凌专项调查，及时查找可能发生欺凌事件的苗头迹象或已经发生、正在发生的欺凌事件。

《方案》提出，针对不同情形的欺凌事件，有关部门要结合职能共同做好教育惩戒工作。情节轻微的一般欺凌事件，由学校对实施欺凌学生开展批评、教育；情节比较恶劣、对被欺凌学生身体和心理造成明显伤害的严重欺凌事件，学校在对实施欺凌学生开展批评、教育的同时，可请公安机关参与警示教育或对实施欺凌学生予以训诫；屡教不改或者情节恶劣的严重欺凌事件，必要时可将实施欺凌学生转送专门（工读）学校进行教育；涉及违反治安管理或者涉嫌犯罪的学生欺凌事件，处置以公安机关、人民法院、人民检察院为主。

《方案》提出，各地各有关部门要逐步建立具有长效性、稳定性和约束力的防治学生欺凌工作机制。一是完善培训机制，明确将防治学生欺凌专题培训纳入教育行政干部和校长、教师在职培训内容。二是建立考评机制，将本区域学生欺凌综合治理工作情况作为考评内容，纳入文明校园创建标准，纳入相关部门负责同志年度考评，纳入学校校长、行政管理人员、教师、班主任及相关岗位教职工学期和学年考评。三是建立问责处理机制，对职责落实不到位、学生欺凌问题突出的地区和单位要追究责任。四是健全依法治理机制，建立健全中小学校法制副校长或法制辅导员制度，推进学校完善规章制度、落实各项预防和处置措施。

来源：人民网

Student bullying defines the implementation of bullying students to send to special schools for Education

People.com.cn Beijing on 27 December, to establish a sound long-term mechanism of comprehensive prevention and control of primary and middle school students bullying, bullying occurs in primary and middle school students effective prevention, the national education system reform leading group meeting of the day before, the Ministry of education and other eleven departments issued "to strengthen the comprehensive management of primary and middle school students bullying program". The "program" made a definition of primary and secondary students bullying, bullying students when necessary will implement special transfer (School of education; reform) relates to violate the administration of public security or the alleged crime students bullying, disposal of the public security organs, the people's court, the people's Procuratorate for the lord.

"Plan" stressed to China socialist ideological characteristics of Xi Jinping new era as a guide, fully implement the party's education policy, in accordance with the education first, prevention and protection to legal system and the base principles, improve the prevention and treatment of bullying students work system and regulations, forming a long-term mechanism for prevention and control of primary and middle school students bullying to ensure that students bullying prevention work carried out, to construct the campus safe, sunny place.

The program defines the definition of bullying. "Plan" pointed out that students bullying occurs in Campus (including primary and secondary schools and secondary school students, occupation) and between the Party (individual or group) single or multiple malicious through body language and network, the implementation of the means of bullying and insults, causing the other party (individual or group) bodily injury property loss or mental damage and other events. In the actual work, we should strictly distinguish between students' bullying and the definition of playfulness between students and students.

The program has made clear the measures to prevent the bullying of students actively and effectively. First, schools should strengthen education. Schools should focus on education at every semester, specially set up teaching modules in courses such as morality and rule of law, and regularly conduct primary education on bullying prevention for primary and middle school students. Two, we should carry out parent training, strengthen parent training through organizing regular training courses in schools or communities, and guide parents to enhance awareness of the rule of law, implement guardianship responsibilities, help parents understand and prevent students from bullying knowledge. Three is to strengthen school management, speed up the construction of campus video surveillance system, emergency alarm device and so on, establish and improve various rules and regulations for preventing and treating student bullying, and establish a student bullying Governance Committee according to the actual situation. The four is to regularly carry out the investigation, through the third party organization schools etc. commissioned, regularly carry out for all students' bullying prevention special investigation, timely find possible signs of signs of bullying or has happened or is happening bullying.

According to the program, the departments concerned should work together to do a good job of education and punishment in the light of different cases of bullying. If the circumstances are minor general bullying by the school for students to carry out the implementation of bullying criticism and education; the plot is bad for bullying the students' physical and psychological harm caused by obvious severe bullying in schools, to carry out criticism and education for the implementation of bullying students at the same time, can ask the public security organs involved in the implementation of student bullying warning education or reprimand repeated or serious bullying; vile events, if necessary, will implement special transfer student bullying (work) School of education; to violate the administration of public security or the alleged crime student bullying incident, the disposal of the public security organs, the people's court, the people's Procuratorate.

The program proposed that the relevant departments of various parts of the country should gradually establish a mechanism for the prevention and control of students' bullying with long-term, stable and binding forces. The first is to improve the training mechanism, and make it clear that the prevention and control of students' bullying will be included in the training content of the education administrative cadres, the principals and the teachers. Two is to establish the evaluation mechanism, the comprehensive management of the regional student bullying work as evaluation content, into the civilized campus to create a standard, included in the annual evaluation of the relevant departments responsible comrades, into the school principals, administrators, teachers, and related faculty and academic term evaluation. The three is to establish a mechanism of accountability, which should be held accountable for the areas and units that are not in place to carry out their duties and the problems of students' bullying are outstanding. Four, we should improve the governance mechanism in accordance with the law, establish and improve the system of vice president or legal counselor in primary and secondary schools, promote schools to improve rules and regulations, and implement preventive and disposal measures.